Research concerning the psychosocial aspects of infertility and infertility treatment focuses more often on women than men. The aim of this review was to synthesize the English-language evidence related to the psychol...Research concerning the psychosocial aspects of infertility and infertility treatment focuses more often on women than men. The aim of this review was to synthesize the English-language evidence related to the psychological and social aspects of infertility in men and discuss the implications of these reports for clinical care and future research. A structured search identified 73 studies that reported data concerning the desire for fatherhood and the psychological and social aspects of diagnosis, assisted reproductive technology （ART） treatment and unsuccessful treatment among men with fertility difficulties. The studies are diverse in conceptualisation, design, setting and data collection, but the findings were reasonably consistent. These studies indicated that fertile and infertile childless men of reproductive age have desires to experience parenthood that are similar to those of their female counterparts; in addition, diagnosis and initiation of treatment are associated with elevated infertility-specific anxiety, and unsuccessful treatment can lead to a state of lasting sadness. However, rates of clinically significant mental health problems among this patient population are no higher than in the general population. Infertile men who are socially isolated, have an avoidant coping style and appraise stressful events as overwhelming, are more vulnerable to severe anxiety than men without these characteristics. Men prefer oral to written treatment information and prefer to receive emotional support from infertility clinicians rather than from mental health professionals, self-help support groups or friends. Nevertheless, structured, facilitated psycho-educational groups that are didactic but permit informal sharing of experiences might be beneficial. There are gaps in knowledge about factors governing seeking, persisting with and deciding to cease treatment; experiences of invasive procedures; parenting after assisted conception; adoption and infertility-related grief and shame among men. Few resource-cons展开更多
【目的】分析急性脑梗死患者治疗前一站式CT灌注成像(CTP)及治疗前后临床影像资料,明确与预后相关的临床及影像特征。【方法】纳入CT/MRI随访证实的39例急性脑梗死患者(男:女=21:18,平均年龄65岁,平均起病时间8.4 h),所有患者均随访90...【目的】分析急性脑梗死患者治疗前一站式CT灌注成像(CTP)及治疗前后临床影像资料,明确与预后相关的临床及影像特征。【方法】纳入CT/MRI随访证实的39例急性脑梗死患者(男:女=21:18,平均年龄65岁,平均起病时间8.4 h),所有患者均随访90天获取其mRS评分(平均2.8分)。对上述患者行320排螺旋CT一站式CTP[非增强CT(NCCT)-CT血管成像(CTA)-CTP]扫描,对NCCT图像行ASPECTS(alberta stroke program early ct score)评分,经后处理获得脑血管图,脑梗死核心区、缺血半暗带体积以及其相应比值,并获得CTP各灌注参数图[CBF,CBV,MTT,TTP,延迟达峰时间(Delay-TTP)]。将大小一致的感兴趣区分别放置在脑梗死核心区、缺血半暗带及其相应对侧脑实质,分别测量3次,取平均值。【结果】39例患者中,20例预后良好(mRS≤2)。相关分析发现,治疗前后NIHSS评分、梗死核心体积、缺血半暗带MTT及相应区域Delay-TTP与随访90天mRS评分成明显正相关(P≤0.04);而治疗后ASPECTS评分及梗死核心区CBF值与90 d mRS评分成明显负相关(P<0.05)。进一步两组对比分析发现,治疗前后NIHSS、治疗后ASPECTS、CTP示梗死核心区体积及梗死核心CBF值与患者预后明显相关并具有统计学差异(P≤0.03)。ROC分析显示治疗后NIHSS评分对于预测急性脑梗死患者预后有着最高的诊断效能(AUC为0.90),其中敏感度、特异度及拐点值分别为79%,85%和4.5;而梗死核心区CBF具有最佳的特异度(89%),治疗后ASPECTS评分在预测预后方面具有最高的敏感度(94%)。【结论】急性脑梗死患者梗死核心区体积、CBF、治疗前后NIHSS及治疗后ASPECTS评分与患者的预后密切相关。相比较NIHSS评分,梗死核心区CBF对于预测急性脑梗死预后有着更高的特异度。展开更多
This study investigates the dominant modes of variability in monthly and seasonal rainfall over the India-China region mainly through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The EOFs have shown that whereas the ...This study investigates the dominant modes of variability in monthly and seasonal rainfall over the India-China region mainly through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The EOFs have shown that whereas the rainfall over India varies as one coherent zone, that over China varies in east-west oriented bands. The influence of this banded structure extends well into India.Relationship of rainfall with large scale parameters such as the subtropical ridge over the Indian and the western Pacific regions, Southern Oscillation, the Northern Hemispheric surface air temperature and stratospheric winds have also been investigated. These results show that the rainfall over the area around 40°N, 110°E over China is highly related with rainfall over India. The subtropical ridge over the Indian region is an important predictor over India as well an over the northern China region. '展开更多
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which is associated with significant consequences for both the patients and their relatives. Due to chronicity of the illness, the relatives of patients of schizophrenia have t...Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which is associated with significant consequences for both the patients and their relatives. Due to chronicity of the illness, the relatives of patients of schizophrenia have to bear the main brunt of the illness. Studies across the world have evaluated various aspects of caregiving and caregivers such as burden, coping, quality of life, social support, expressed emotions, and psychological morbidity. In general the research has looked at caregiving as a negative phenomenon, however, now it is increasingly recognised that caregiving is not only associated with negative consequences only, also experience subjective gains and satisfaction. This review focus on the conceptual issues, instruments available to assess the positive aspects of caregiving and the various correlates of positive aspects of caregiving reported in relation to schizophrenia. The positive aspect of caregiving has been variously measured as positive caregiving experience, caregiving satisfaction, caregiving gains and finding meaning through caregiving scale and positive aspects of caregiving experience. Studies suggests that caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders experience caregiving gains(in the form of becoming more sensitive to persons with disabilities, clarity about their priorities in life and a greater sense of inner strength), experience good aspects of relationship with the patient, do have personal positive experiences. Some of the studies suggest that those who experience greater negative caregiving experience also do experience positive caregiving experience.展开更多
Application of herbal medicine to acupoints is to regulate the meridians, yin-yang, and qi and blood for preventing and treating diseases through the pharmacological action of herbal medicines and with their stimulati...Application of herbal medicine to acupoints is to regulate the meridians, yin-yang, and qi and blood for preventing and treating diseases through the pharmacological action of herbal medicines and with their stimulation to the acupoints. This article explains how to apply herbal medicines and gave the examples for the treatment of hypertension, asthma, chronic bronchitis and allergic rhinitis. Application of herbal medicines to acupoints is one of the important components of TCM, which shows satisfactory effects in treatment of some chronic diseases.展开更多
Network virtualization(NV) is pushed forward by its proponents as a crucial attribute of next generation network, aiming at overcoming the gradual ossification of current networks, particularly to the worldwide Intern...Network virtualization(NV) is pushed forward by its proponents as a crucial attribute of next generation network, aiming at overcoming the gradual ossification of current networks, particularly to the worldwide Internet. Through virtualization, multiple customized virtual networks(VNs), requested by users, are allowed to coexist on the underlying substrate networks(SNs). In addition, the virtualization scheme contributes to sharing underlying physical resources simultaneously and seamlessly. However, multiple technical issues still stand in the way of NV successful implementation. One key technical issue is virtual network embedding(VNE), known as the resource allocation problem for NV. This paper conducts a survey of embedding algorithms for VNE problem. At first, the NV business model for VNE problem is presented. Then, the latest VNE problem description is presented. Main performance metrics for evaluating embedding algorithms are also involved. Afterwards, existing VNE algorithms are detailed, according to the novel proposed category approach. Next, key future research aspects of embedding algorithms are listed out. Finally, the paper is briefly concluded.展开更多
In this paper, a detailed theoretical study on the characteristics of cone-shaped inwall capillary-based microsphere resonators is described and demonstrated for sensing applications. The maximum, minimum, slope, cont...In this paper, a detailed theoretical study on the characteristics of cone-shaped inwall capillary-based microsphere resonators is described and demonstrated for sensing applications. The maximum, minimum, slope, contrast, and width of the Fano resonance are analyzed. As the transmission coefficient of the capillary resonator increases, the absolute value of the slope of Fano resonances increases to reach its maximum, which is useful for sensors with an ultra-high sensitivity. There occurs another phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency when the reflectivity at the capillary–environment interface is close to 100%. We also experimentally demonstrated its capability for temperature and refractive index sensing, with a sensitivity of 10.9 pm∕°C and 431 d B∕RIU basedon the Fano resonance and the Lorentzian line shape, respectively.展开更多
Peanut is an energy dense food item and it contains a substantial amount of fat,proteins,carbohydrate,both fat soluble and water soluble vitamins,minerals and phytochemicals.Peanuts are consumed worldwide due to its h...Peanut is an energy dense food item and it contains a substantial amount of fat,proteins,carbohydrate,both fat soluble and water soluble vitamins,minerals and phytochemicals.Peanuts are consumed worldwide due to its high nutritional value and pleasant or unique flavor after roasting or boiling.The lipid,protein and carbohydrate not only provide energy,but also provide essential nutrients for normal body functions such as body fat and muscle buildup.Vitamins are needed for normal cell function,growth,development,disease prevention and act as coenzymes during the production of energy.Due to the high nutrient contents of peanuts,they have been used to combat malnutrition in most developing countries.Epidemiologic studies have associated nut consumption with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular heart diseases and gallstones in both genders and diabetes in women.Limited evidence also suggests beneficial effects on hypertension,cancer,and inflammation.The health risk associated with peanut consumption is allergy in developed countries.The review discusses the health aspects,including allergy,of peanut consumption as they related to the chemical composition of peanuts using literatures published in past two decades with exceptions of a few older articles.展开更多
Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) need psychological support throughout their life span from the time of diagnosis. The psychological make-up of the patients with DM play a central role in self-management behaviors....Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) need psychological support throughout their life span from the time of diagnosis. The psychological make-up of the patients with DM play a central role in self-management behaviors. Without patient's adherence to the effective therapies, there would be persistent sub-optimal contro of diseases, increase diabetes-related complications,causing deterioration in quality of life, resulting in increased healthcare utilization and burden on healthcare systems. However, provision of psychosocial support is generally inadequate due to its challenging nature of needs and demands on the healthcare systems. This review article examines patient's psychological aspects in general, elaborates in particular about emotion effects on health, and emotion in relation to other psychological domains such as cognition, self-regulation,self-efficacy and behavior. Some descriptions are also provided on willpower, resilience, illness perception and proactive coping in relating execution of new behaviors,coping with future-oriented thinking and influences of illness perception on health-related behaviors. These psychological aspects are further discussed in relationto DM and interventions for patients with DM. Equipped with the understanding of the pertinent nature of psychology in patients with DM; and knowing the links between the psychological disorders, inflammation and cardiovascular outcomes would hopefully encourages healthcare professionals in giving due attention to the psychological needs of patients with DM.展开更多
Aspect’s extraction is a critical task in aspect-based sentiment analysis,including explicit and implicit aspects identification.While extensive research has identified explicit aspects,little effort has been put for...Aspect’s extraction is a critical task in aspect-based sentiment analysis,including explicit and implicit aspects identification.While extensive research has identified explicit aspects,little effort has been put forward on implicit aspects extraction due to the complexity of the problem.Moreover,existing research on implicit aspect identification is widely carried out on product reviews targeting specific aspects while neglecting sentences’dependency problems.Therefore,in this paper,a multi-level knowledge engineering approach for identifying implicit movie aspects is proposed.The proposed method first identifies explicit aspects using a variant of BiLSTM and CRF(Bidirectional Long Short Memory-Conditional Random Field),which serve as a memory to process dependent sentences to infer implicit aspects.It can identify implicit aspects from four types of sentences,including independent and three types of dependent sentences.The study is evaluated on a largemovie reviews dataset with 50k examples.The experimental results showed that the explicit aspect identification method achieved 89%F1-score and implicit aspect extraction methods achieved 76%F1-score.In addition,the proposed approach also performs better than the state-of-the-art techniques(NMFIAD andML-KB+)on the product review dataset,where it achieved 93%precision,92%recall,and 93%F1-score.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions mainly of the colon and small intestine. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most frequent types of IBD....Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions mainly of the colon and small intestine. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most frequent types of IBD. IBD is a complex disease which arises as a result of the interaction of environmental, genetic and immunological factors. It is increasingly thought that alterations of immunological reactions of the patients to their own enterable bacteria (microfilm) may contribute to inflammation. It is characterized by mucosal and sub mucosal inflammation, perpetuated by infiltration of activated leukocytes. CD may affect the whole gastrointestinal tract while UC only attacks the large intestine. The therapeutic goal is to achieve a steroid-free long lasting remission in both entities. UC has the possibility to be cured by a total colectomy, while CD never can be cured by any operation. A lifelong intake of drugs is mostly necessary and essential. Medical treatment of IBD has to be individualized to each patient and usually starts with anti-inflammatory drugs. The choice what kind of drugs and what route administered (oral, rectal, intravenous) depends on factors including the type, the localization, and severity of the patient’s disease. IBD may require immune-suppression to control symptoms such as prednisolone, thiopurines, calcineurin or sometimes folic acid inhibitors or biologics like TNF-α inhibitors or anti-integrin antibodies. For both types of disease (CD, UC) the same drugs are available but they differ in their preference in efficacy between CD and UC as 5-aminosalicylic acid for UC or budesonide for ileocecal CD. As therapeutic alternative the main mediators of the disease, namely the activated pro-inflammatory cytokine producing leukocytes can be selectively removed via two apheresis systems (Adacolumn and Cellsorba) in steroid-refractory or dependent cases. Extracorporeal photopheresis results in an increase of regulatory B cells, regulatory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and T-regs Type 1. Both 展开更多
文摘Research concerning the psychosocial aspects of infertility and infertility treatment focuses more often on women than men. The aim of this review was to synthesize the English-language evidence related to the psychological and social aspects of infertility in men and discuss the implications of these reports for clinical care and future research. A structured search identified 73 studies that reported data concerning the desire for fatherhood and the psychological and social aspects of diagnosis, assisted reproductive technology （ART） treatment and unsuccessful treatment among men with fertility difficulties. The studies are diverse in conceptualisation, design, setting and data collection, but the findings were reasonably consistent. These studies indicated that fertile and infertile childless men of reproductive age have desires to experience parenthood that are similar to those of their female counterparts; in addition, diagnosis and initiation of treatment are associated with elevated infertility-specific anxiety, and unsuccessful treatment can lead to a state of lasting sadness. However, rates of clinically significant mental health problems among this patient population are no higher than in the general population. Infertile men who are socially isolated, have an avoidant coping style and appraise stressful events as overwhelming, are more vulnerable to severe anxiety than men without these characteristics. Men prefer oral to written treatment information and prefer to receive emotional support from infertility clinicians rather than from mental health professionals, self-help support groups or friends. Nevertheless, structured, facilitated psycho-educational groups that are didactic but permit informal sharing of experiences might be beneficial. There are gaps in knowledge about factors governing seeking, persisting with and deciding to cease treatment; experiences of invasive procedures; parenting after assisted conception; adoption and infertility-related grief and shame among men. Few resource-cons
文摘【目的】分析急性脑梗死患者治疗前一站式CT灌注成像(CTP)及治疗前后临床影像资料,明确与预后相关的临床及影像特征。【方法】纳入CT/MRI随访证实的39例急性脑梗死患者(男:女=21:18,平均年龄65岁,平均起病时间8.4 h),所有患者均随访90天获取其mRS评分(平均2.8分)。对上述患者行320排螺旋CT一站式CTP[非增强CT(NCCT)-CT血管成像(CTA)-CTP]扫描,对NCCT图像行ASPECTS(alberta stroke program early ct score)评分,经后处理获得脑血管图,脑梗死核心区、缺血半暗带体积以及其相应比值,并获得CTP各灌注参数图[CBF,CBV,MTT,TTP,延迟达峰时间(Delay-TTP)]。将大小一致的感兴趣区分别放置在脑梗死核心区、缺血半暗带及其相应对侧脑实质,分别测量3次,取平均值。【结果】39例患者中,20例预后良好(mRS≤2)。相关分析发现,治疗前后NIHSS评分、梗死核心体积、缺血半暗带MTT及相应区域Delay-TTP与随访90天mRS评分成明显正相关(P≤0.04);而治疗后ASPECTS评分及梗死核心区CBF值与90 d mRS评分成明显负相关(P<0.05)。进一步两组对比分析发现,治疗前后NIHSS、治疗后ASPECTS、CTP示梗死核心区体积及梗死核心CBF值与患者预后明显相关并具有统计学差异(P≤0.03)。ROC分析显示治疗后NIHSS评分对于预测急性脑梗死患者预后有着最高的诊断效能(AUC为0.90),其中敏感度、特异度及拐点值分别为79%,85%和4.5;而梗死核心区CBF具有最佳的特异度(89%),治疗后ASPECTS评分在预测预后方面具有最高的敏感度(94%)。【结论】急性脑梗死患者梗死核心区体积、CBF、治疗前后NIHSS及治疗后ASPECTS评分与患者的预后密切相关。相比较NIHSS评分,梗死核心区CBF对于预测急性脑梗死预后有着更高的特异度。
文摘This study investigates the dominant modes of variability in monthly and seasonal rainfall over the India-China region mainly through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The EOFs have shown that whereas the rainfall over India varies as one coherent zone, that over China varies in east-west oriented bands. The influence of this banded structure extends well into India.Relationship of rainfall with large scale parameters such as the subtropical ridge over the Indian and the western Pacific regions, Southern Oscillation, the Northern Hemispheric surface air temperature and stratospheric winds have also been investigated. These results show that the rainfall over the area around 40°N, 110°E over China is highly related with rainfall over India. The subtropical ridge over the Indian region is an important predictor over India as well an over the northern China region. '
文摘Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which is associated with significant consequences for both the patients and their relatives. Due to chronicity of the illness, the relatives of patients of schizophrenia have to bear the main brunt of the illness. Studies across the world have evaluated various aspects of caregiving and caregivers such as burden, coping, quality of life, social support, expressed emotions, and psychological morbidity. In general the research has looked at caregiving as a negative phenomenon, however, now it is increasingly recognised that caregiving is not only associated with negative consequences only, also experience subjective gains and satisfaction. This review focus on the conceptual issues, instruments available to assess the positive aspects of caregiving and the various correlates of positive aspects of caregiving reported in relation to schizophrenia. The positive aspect of caregiving has been variously measured as positive caregiving experience, caregiving satisfaction, caregiving gains and finding meaning through caregiving scale and positive aspects of caregiving experience. Studies suggests that caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders experience caregiving gains(in the form of becoming more sensitive to persons with disabilities, clarity about their priorities in life and a greater sense of inner strength), experience good aspects of relationship with the patient, do have personal positive experiences. Some of the studies suggest that those who experience greater negative caregiving experience also do experience positive caregiving experience.
文摘Application of herbal medicine to acupoints is to regulate the meridians, yin-yang, and qi and blood for preventing and treating diseases through the pharmacological action of herbal medicines and with their stimulation to the acupoints. This article explains how to apply herbal medicines and gave the examples for the treatment of hypertension, asthma, chronic bronchitis and allergic rhinitis. Application of herbal medicines to acupoints is one of the important components of TCM, which shows satisfactory effects in treatment of some chronic diseases.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development of China under Grant 2018YFC1314903the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61372124 and Grant 61427801
文摘Network virtualization(NV) is pushed forward by its proponents as a crucial attribute of next generation network, aiming at overcoming the gradual ossification of current networks, particularly to the worldwide Internet. Through virtualization, multiple customized virtual networks(VNs), requested by users, are allowed to coexist on the underlying substrate networks(SNs). In addition, the virtualization scheme contributes to sharing underlying physical resources simultaneously and seamlessly. However, multiple technical issues still stand in the way of NV successful implementation. One key technical issue is virtual network embedding(VNE), known as the resource allocation problem for NV. This paper conducts a survey of embedding algorithms for VNE problem. At first, the NV business model for VNE problem is presented. Then, the latest VNE problem description is presented. Main performance metrics for evaluating embedding algorithms are also involved. Afterwards, existing VNE algorithms are detailed, according to the novel proposed category approach. Next, key future research aspects of embedding algorithms are listed out. Finally, the paper is briefly concluded.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61377081,61675126)
文摘In this paper, a detailed theoretical study on the characteristics of cone-shaped inwall capillary-based microsphere resonators is described and demonstrated for sensing applications. The maximum, minimum, slope, contrast, and width of the Fano resonance are analyzed. As the transmission coefficient of the capillary resonator increases, the absolute value of the slope of Fano resonances increases to reach its maximum, which is useful for sensors with an ultra-high sensitivity. There occurs another phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency when the reflectivity at the capillary–environment interface is close to 100%. We also experimentally demonstrated its capability for temperature and refractive index sensing, with a sensitivity of 10.9 pm∕°C and 431 d B∕RIU basedon the Fano resonance and the Lorentzian line shape, respectively.
文摘Peanut is an energy dense food item and it contains a substantial amount of fat,proteins,carbohydrate,both fat soluble and water soluble vitamins,minerals and phytochemicals.Peanuts are consumed worldwide due to its high nutritional value and pleasant or unique flavor after roasting or boiling.The lipid,protein and carbohydrate not only provide energy,but also provide essential nutrients for normal body functions such as body fat and muscle buildup.Vitamins are needed for normal cell function,growth,development,disease prevention and act as coenzymes during the production of energy.Due to the high nutrient contents of peanuts,they have been used to combat malnutrition in most developing countries.Epidemiologic studies have associated nut consumption with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular heart diseases and gallstones in both genders and diabetes in women.Limited evidence also suggests beneficial effects on hypertension,cancer,and inflammation.The health risk associated with peanut consumption is allergy in developed countries.The review discusses the health aspects,including allergy,of peanut consumption as they related to the chemical composition of peanuts using literatures published in past two decades with exceptions of a few older articles.
文摘Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) need psychological support throughout their life span from the time of diagnosis. The psychological make-up of the patients with DM play a central role in self-management behaviors. Without patient's adherence to the effective therapies, there would be persistent sub-optimal contro of diseases, increase diabetes-related complications,causing deterioration in quality of life, resulting in increased healthcare utilization and burden on healthcare systems. However, provision of psychosocial support is generally inadequate due to its challenging nature of needs and demands on the healthcare systems. This review article examines patient's psychological aspects in general, elaborates in particular about emotion effects on health, and emotion in relation to other psychological domains such as cognition, self-regulation,self-efficacy and behavior. Some descriptions are also provided on willpower, resilience, illness perception and proactive coping in relating execution of new behaviors,coping with future-oriented thinking and influences of illness perception on health-related behaviors. These psychological aspects are further discussed in relationto DM and interventions for patients with DM. Equipped with the understanding of the pertinent nature of psychology in patients with DM; and knowing the links between the psychological disorders, inflammation and cardiovascular outcomes would hopefully encourages healthcare professionals in giving due attention to the psychological needs of patients with DM.
文摘Aspect’s extraction is a critical task in aspect-based sentiment analysis,including explicit and implicit aspects identification.While extensive research has identified explicit aspects,little effort has been put forward on implicit aspects extraction due to the complexity of the problem.Moreover,existing research on implicit aspect identification is widely carried out on product reviews targeting specific aspects while neglecting sentences’dependency problems.Therefore,in this paper,a multi-level knowledge engineering approach for identifying implicit movie aspects is proposed.The proposed method first identifies explicit aspects using a variant of BiLSTM and CRF(Bidirectional Long Short Memory-Conditional Random Field),which serve as a memory to process dependent sentences to infer implicit aspects.It can identify implicit aspects from four types of sentences,including independent and three types of dependent sentences.The study is evaluated on a largemovie reviews dataset with 50k examples.The experimental results showed that the explicit aspect identification method achieved 89%F1-score and implicit aspect extraction methods achieved 76%F1-score.In addition,the proposed approach also performs better than the state-of-the-art techniques(NMFIAD andML-KB+)on the product review dataset,where it achieved 93%precision,92%recall,and 93%F1-score.
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions mainly of the colon and small intestine. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most frequent types of IBD. IBD is a complex disease which arises as a result of the interaction of environmental, genetic and immunological factors. It is increasingly thought that alterations of immunological reactions of the patients to their own enterable bacteria (microfilm) may contribute to inflammation. It is characterized by mucosal and sub mucosal inflammation, perpetuated by infiltration of activated leukocytes. CD may affect the whole gastrointestinal tract while UC only attacks the large intestine. The therapeutic goal is to achieve a steroid-free long lasting remission in both entities. UC has the possibility to be cured by a total colectomy, while CD never can be cured by any operation. A lifelong intake of drugs is mostly necessary and essential. Medical treatment of IBD has to be individualized to each patient and usually starts with anti-inflammatory drugs. The choice what kind of drugs and what route administered (oral, rectal, intravenous) depends on factors including the type, the localization, and severity of the patient’s disease. IBD may require immune-suppression to control symptoms such as prednisolone, thiopurines, calcineurin or sometimes folic acid inhibitors or biologics like TNF-α inhibitors or anti-integrin antibodies. For both types of disease (CD, UC) the same drugs are available but they differ in their preference in efficacy between CD and UC as 5-aminosalicylic acid for UC or budesonide for ileocecal CD. As therapeutic alternative the main mediators of the disease, namely the activated pro-inflammatory cytokine producing leukocytes can be selectively removed via two apheresis systems (Adacolumn and Cellsorba) in steroid-refractory or dependent cases. Extracorporeal photopheresis results in an increase of regulatory B cells, regulatory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and T-regs Type 1. Both
