以北京市通州区凤港减河典型污灌农用地为研究对象,分析了污灌对耕作土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的全量与形态分布特征的影响。结果表明：①土壤中Cu、Zn和Pb的含量均低于WHO（World Health Organization）限值,Cd的含量明显高于WHO限值。然...以北京市通州区凤港减河典型污灌农用地为研究对象,分析了污灌对耕作土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的全量与形态分布特征的影响。结果表明：①土壤中Cu、Zn和Pb的含量均低于WHO（World Health Organization）限值,Cd的含量明显高于WHO限值。然而,4种重金属的污染负载指数（PLI为1.49~4.54）均高于1,其中Cd的PLI值最高,表明长期污灌已经导致耕作土壤中重金属的积累;②总体来看,随土壤深度的增加,重金属含量呈先减少,后增加的趋势。距离灌渠越远,土壤中重金属含量越少;③土壤中Cu、Zn和Pb主要以残余态和有机结合态形式存在,其次是铁锰氧化态,碳酸盐结合态和离子交换态非常少。而土壤中Cd的碳酸盐结合态与离子交换态占有相当大的比例。4种重金属的生物可利用性次序为：Cd〉Cu〉Pb〉Zn,且表土层高于底土层。同时,研究发现距离灌渠越近,表土层中Cd的生物可利用性越低。总的说来,污灌土壤中较高的Cd含量与其较高的生物可利用性对食品安全与人类健康构成了潜在风险。展开更多
Soil CO 2 emission from an arable soil was measured by closed chamber method to quantify year round soil flux and to develop an equation to predict flux using soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and soil...Soil CO 2 emission from an arable soil was measured by closed chamber method to quantify year round soil flux and to develop an equation to predict flux using soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and soil moisture content. Soil CO 2 flux, soil temperature, DOC and soil moisture content were determined on selected days during the experiment from August 1999 to July 2000, at the Ecological Station of Red Soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in a subtropical region of China. Soil CO 2 fluxes were generally higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, and had a seasonal pattern more similar to soil temperature and DOC than soil moisture. The estimation was 2 23 kgCO 2/(m 2·a) for average annual soil CO 2 flux. Regressed separately, the reasons for soil flux variability were 86 6% from soil temperature, 58 8% from DOC, and 26 3% from soil moisture, respectively. Regressed jointly, a multiple equation was developed by the above three variables that explained approximately 85 2% of the flux variance, however by stepwise regression, soil temperature was the dominant affecting soil flux. Based on the exponential equation developed from soil temperature, the predicted annual flux was 2 49 kgCO 2/(m 2·a), and essentially equal to the measured one. It is suggested the exponential relationship between soil flux and soil temperature could be used for accurately predicting soil CO 2 flux from arable soil in subtropical regions of China.展开更多
文摘以北京市通州区凤港减河典型污灌农用地为研究对象,分析了污灌对耕作土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的全量与形态分布特征的影响。结果表明：①土壤中Cu、Zn和Pb的含量均低于WHO（World Health Organization）限值,Cd的含量明显高于WHO限值。然而,4种重金属的污染负载指数（PLI为1.49~4.54）均高于1,其中Cd的PLI值最高,表明长期污灌已经导致耕作土壤中重金属的积累;②总体来看,随土壤深度的增加,重金属含量呈先减少,后增加的趋势。距离灌渠越远,土壤中重金属含量越少;③土壤中Cu、Zn和Pb主要以残余态和有机结合态形式存在,其次是铁锰氧化态,碳酸盐结合态和离子交换态非常少。而土壤中Cd的碳酸盐结合态与离子交换态占有相当大的比例。4种重金属的生物可利用性次序为：Cd〉Cu〉Pb〉Zn,且表土层高于底土层。同时,研究发现距离灌渠越近,表土层中Cd的生物可利用性越低。总的说来,污灌土壤中较高的Cd含量与其较高的生物可利用性对食品安全与人类健康构成了潜在风险。
文摘Soil CO 2 emission from an arable soil was measured by closed chamber method to quantify year round soil flux and to develop an equation to predict flux using soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and soil moisture content. Soil CO 2 flux, soil temperature, DOC and soil moisture content were determined on selected days during the experiment from August 1999 to July 2000, at the Ecological Station of Red Soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in a subtropical region of China. Soil CO 2 fluxes were generally higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, and had a seasonal pattern more similar to soil temperature and DOC than soil moisture. The estimation was 2 23 kgCO 2/(m 2·a) for average annual soil CO 2 flux. Regressed separately, the reasons for soil flux variability were 86 6% from soil temperature, 58 8% from DOC, and 26 3% from soil moisture, respectively. Regressed jointly, a multiple equation was developed by the above three variables that explained approximately 85 2% of the flux variance, however by stepwise regression, soil temperature was the dominant affecting soil flux. Based on the exponential equation developed from soil temperature, the predicted annual flux was 2 49 kgCO 2/(m 2·a), and essentially equal to the measured one. It is suggested the exponential relationship between soil flux and soil temperature could be used for accurately predicting soil CO 2 flux from arable soil in subtropical regions of China.
