A teleomorph of the fungus </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Botryosphaeria</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>rhodina</i>&l...A teleomorph of the fungus </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Botryosphaeria</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>rhodina</i></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Berkeley et Curtis) von Arx, (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Br</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was evaluated as a bioherbicide for control of giant salvinia (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salvinia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">molesta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> D.S. Mitchell) under greenhouse conditions and in small-scale field trials. We found that fungal mycelium was highly infective and could be rapidly produced (48+</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h) in soy</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">flour-cornmeal liquid media contained in shake flasks or fermenters. A dew period was not required to achieve infection and mortality</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of inoculated plants. A surfactant (Silwet L-77, a polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl-trisiloxane) incorporated in the fungal formulation was required for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Br</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to infect and kill plants. Infection and mortality occurred rapidly (within 48 h after treatment), and re-growth of treated plants did not occur. In replicated</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">field trials, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Br</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> controlled giant salvinia ~95%. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Br</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also infected other plants, such as common salvinia (</span><i><span style="展开更多
Emergent aquatic weeds present in the monocropped fresh water wetland area of Bangladesh create a hazard in land preparation by developing dense stands. A field experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field of two v...Emergent aquatic weeds present in the monocropped fresh water wetland area of Bangladesh create a hazard in land preparation by developing dense stands. A field experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field of two villages namely Mahilara and Kashemabad under Gournadi Upazila of Barisal district, Bangladesh during October 2012 to evaluate the efficacy of Gramoxone 20SL (Paraquat) in controlling emergent aquatic weeds and to find out an appropriate dose of this herbicide. Three doses of Gramoxone 20SL at 1.96 l·ha-1, 2.00 l·ha-1 and 2.04 l·ha-1 were tried with an untreated control. All treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. There were 8 different emergent weed species infesting the field among which the most dominant weed species were Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Enhydra fluctuans, Monochoria vaginalis, Echinochloa crus-galli. The results revealed that, weed control efficiency was significantly affected by different herbicidal treatments. The treatments, Gramoxone 20SL at 2.00 l·ha-1 and 2.04 l·ha-1 were controlled in all the emergent aquatic weeds more than 85% infesting both the sites. Application of non-selective herbicide Gramoxone 20SL at 2.00 l·ha-1 prior to land preparation was most effective to suppress weed dry masses in both the site resulting reduced land preparation cost up to 78.93% as compared to manual weed control.展开更多
文摘A teleomorph of the fungus </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Botryosphaeria</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>rhodina</i></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Berkeley et Curtis) von Arx, (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Br</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was evaluated as a bioherbicide for control of giant salvinia (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salvinia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">molesta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> D.S. Mitchell) under greenhouse conditions and in small-scale field trials. We found that fungal mycelium was highly infective and could be rapidly produced (48+</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h) in soy</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">flour-cornmeal liquid media contained in shake flasks or fermenters. A dew period was not required to achieve infection and mortality</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of inoculated plants. A surfactant (Silwet L-77, a polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl-trisiloxane) incorporated in the fungal formulation was required for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Br</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to infect and kill plants. Infection and mortality occurred rapidly (within 48 h after treatment), and re-growth of treated plants did not occur. In replicated</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">field trials, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Br</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> controlled giant salvinia ~95%. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Br</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also infected other plants, such as common salvinia (</span><i><span style="
文摘Emergent aquatic weeds present in the monocropped fresh water wetland area of Bangladesh create a hazard in land preparation by developing dense stands. A field experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field of two villages namely Mahilara and Kashemabad under Gournadi Upazila of Barisal district, Bangladesh during October 2012 to evaluate the efficacy of Gramoxone 20SL (Paraquat) in controlling emergent aquatic weeds and to find out an appropriate dose of this herbicide. Three doses of Gramoxone 20SL at 1.96 l·ha-1, 2.00 l·ha-1 and 2.04 l·ha-1 were tried with an untreated control. All treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. There were 8 different emergent weed species infesting the field among which the most dominant weed species were Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Enhydra fluctuans, Monochoria vaginalis, Echinochloa crus-galli. The results revealed that, weed control efficiency was significantly affected by different herbicidal treatments. The treatments, Gramoxone 20SL at 2.00 l·ha-1 and 2.04 l·ha-1 were controlled in all the emergent aquatic weeds more than 85% infesting both the sites. Application of non-selective herbicide Gramoxone 20SL at 2.00 l·ha-1 prior to land preparation was most effective to suppress weed dry masses in both the site resulting reduced land preparation cost up to 78.93% as compared to manual weed control.
