Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. Since the discovery of melatonin in plants, numerous studies have provided insight into the biosynthesis, catabolism, and physiological and bioche...Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. Since the discovery of melatonin in plants, numerous studies have provided insight into the biosynthesis, catabolism, and physiological and biochemical functions of this important molecule. Here, we describe the biosynthesis of melatonin from tryptophan, as well as its various degradation pathways in plants. The identification of a putative melatonin receptor in plants has led to the hypothesis that melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating plant growth,aerial organ development, root morphology, and the floral transition. The universal antioxidant activity of melatonin and its role in preserving chlorophyll might explain its anti-senescence capacity in aging leaves. An impressive amount of research has focused on the role of melatonin in modulating postharvest fruit ripening by regulating the expression of ethylene-related genes.Recent evidence also indicated that melatonin functions in the plant's response to biotic stress,cooperating with other phytohormones and wellknown molecules such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Finally, great progress has been made towards understanding how melatonin alleviates the effects of various abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, extreme temperature, and heavy metal stress. Given its diverse roles, we propose that melatonin is a master regulator in plants.展开更多
Royal jelly (R J)from honeybee has been widely used as a health promotion supplement.The major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs)have been identified as the functional component of RJ.However,the question of whether MRJPs h...Royal jelly (R J)from honeybee has been widely used as a health promotion supplement.The major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs)have been identified as the functional component of RJ.However,the question of whether MRJPs have anti-senescence activity for human cells remains.Human embryonic lung fibroblast (HFL-I)cells were cultured in media containing no MRJPs (A),MRJPs at 0.1mg/ml (B),0.2mg/ml (C),or 0.3mg/ml (D),or bovine serum albumin (BSA)at 0.2mg/ml (E).The mean population doubling levels of cells in media B,C,D,and E were increased by 12.4%,31.2%,24.0%,and 10.4%,respectively,compared with that in medium A.The cells in medium C also exhibited the highest relative proliferation activity,the lowest senescence,and the longest telomeres.Moreover, MRJPs up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase-1(SOD1)and down-regulated the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR),catenin beta like-1(CTNNB1),and tumor protein p53(TP53).Raman spectra analysis showed that there were two unique bands related to DNA synthesis materials,amide carbonyl group vibrations and aromatic hydrogens.These results suggest that MRJPs possess anti-senescence activity for the HFL-I cell line,and provide new knowledge illustrating the molecular mechanism of MRJPs as anti-senescence factors.展开更多
An increase in oxidative stress plays a key role in neurotoxicity induction and cell death, which leads to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) i...An increase in oxidative stress plays a key role in neurotoxicity induction and cell death, which leads to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a common anthocyanin and shows antioxidant activity in neuronal cells. Silent information regulator 2-related protein 1 (Sirt1) regulates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of C3G on Sirt1 in neuronal cells remain unclear. This study evaluated the effect of C3G on Sirt1 expression and activity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. In the study, C3G increased the expression of Sirt1 and Sirt1 activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, C3G increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, a vital transcription factor for regulating the expression of antioxidant genes, as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, C3G protected SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative stress. These results suggest that C3G decreased oxidative stress-induced cell injury by increasing the expression of Sirt1 and other antioxidant factors. Therefore, C3G might merit further investigation for use in attenuating the progress of neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1604503)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020-KYY-514106-0003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872167)。
文摘Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. Since the discovery of melatonin in plants, numerous studies have provided insight into the biosynthesis, catabolism, and physiological and biochemical functions of this important molecule. Here, we describe the biosynthesis of melatonin from tryptophan, as well as its various degradation pathways in plants. The identification of a putative melatonin receptor in plants has led to the hypothesis that melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating plant growth,aerial organ development, root morphology, and the floral transition. The universal antioxidant activity of melatonin and its role in preserving chlorophyll might explain its anti-senescence capacity in aging leaves. An impressive amount of research has focused on the role of melatonin in modulating postharvest fruit ripening by regulating the expression of ethylene-related genes.Recent evidence also indicated that melatonin functions in the plant's response to biotic stress,cooperating with other phytohormones and wellknown molecules such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Finally, great progress has been made towards understanding how melatonin alleviates the effects of various abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, extreme temperature, and heavy metal stress. Given its diverse roles, we propose that melatonin is a master regulator in plants.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2017C32033)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3127848)
文摘Royal jelly (R J)from honeybee has been widely used as a health promotion supplement.The major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs)have been identified as the functional component of RJ.However,the question of whether MRJPs have anti-senescence activity for human cells remains.Human embryonic lung fibroblast (HFL-I)cells were cultured in media containing no MRJPs (A),MRJPs at 0.1mg/ml (B),0.2mg/ml (C),or 0.3mg/ml (D),or bovine serum albumin (BSA)at 0.2mg/ml (E).The mean population doubling levels of cells in media B,C,D,and E were increased by 12.4%,31.2%,24.0%,and 10.4%,respectively,compared with that in medium A.The cells in medium C also exhibited the highest relative proliferation activity,the lowest senescence,and the longest telomeres.Moreover, MRJPs up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase-1(SOD1)and down-regulated the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR),catenin beta like-1(CTNNB1),and tumor protein p53(TP53).Raman spectra analysis showed that there were two unique bands related to DNA synthesis materials,amide carbonyl group vibrations and aromatic hydrogens.These results suggest that MRJPs possess anti-senescence activity for the HFL-I cell line,and provide new knowledge illustrating the molecular mechanism of MRJPs as anti-senescence factors.
文摘An increase in oxidative stress plays a key role in neurotoxicity induction and cell death, which leads to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a common anthocyanin and shows antioxidant activity in neuronal cells. Silent information regulator 2-related protein 1 (Sirt1) regulates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of C3G on Sirt1 in neuronal cells remain unclear. This study evaluated the effect of C3G on Sirt1 expression and activity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. In the study, C3G increased the expression of Sirt1 and Sirt1 activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, C3G increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, a vital transcription factor for regulating the expression of antioxidant genes, as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, C3G protected SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative stress. These results suggest that C3G decreased oxidative stress-induced cell injury by increasing the expression of Sirt1 and other antioxidant factors. Therefore, C3G might merit further investigation for use in attenuating the progress of neurodegenerative diseases.
