Development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts, particularly for high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） under benign conditions, is highly desired, but still remains a serious challenge. Herein, we report...Development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts, particularly for high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） under benign conditions, is highly desired, but still remains a serious challenge. Herein, we report a high-performance amorphous CoMoS4 nanosheet array on carbon cloth （CoMoS4 NS/CC）, prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a Co（OH）F nanosheet array on a carbon cloth （Co（OH）F NS/CC） in （NH4）2MoS4 solution. As a three-dimensional HER electrode, CoMoS4 NS/CC exhibits remarkable activity in 1.0 M phosphate buffer saline （pH 7）, only requiring an overpotential of 183 mV to drive a geometrical current density of 10 mA·cm-2. This overpotential is 140 mV lower than that for Co（OH）F NS/CC. Notably, this electrode also shows outstanding electrochemical durability and nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency. Density functional theory calculations suggest that CoMoS4 has a more favorable hydrogen adsorption free energy than Co（OH）F.展开更多
Layered double hydroxide pillared by Paratungstate A ion, Mg 12 Al 6(OH) 36 (W 7O 24 )·4H 2O, was prepared via anion exchange reaction of the synthetic precursor, Mg 4Al 2(OH) 12 TA· x H 2O(TA 2- =terephthal...Layered double hydroxide pillared by Paratungstate A ion, Mg 12 Al 6(OH) 36 (W 7O 24 )·4H 2O, was prepared via anion exchange reaction of the synthetic precursor, Mg 4Al 2(OH) 12 TA· x H 2O(TA 2- =terephthalate), and W 7O 6- 24 ion. Trace aqueous organochlorine pesticide, hexachlorocyclohexane, was totally degraded and mineralized into CO 2 and HCl by irradiating a suspension of Mg 12 Al 6(OH) 36 (W 7O 24 )·4H 2O and HCH in the near UV area. The model and pathway for the photocatalytic degradation of HCH on the Mg 12 Al 6(OH) 36 (W 7O 24 )· 4H 2O were proposed, indicating that the interlayer space is the reaction field, and that photogeneration of OH · radicals are responsible for degradation pathway.展开更多
Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,par...Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,particularly the presence of aggressive Cl^(-),has been proven to be prone to parasitic chloride ion oxidation and corrosion reactions,thus restricting seawater electrolyzer lifetime.Herein,hierarchical structure(Ni,Fe)O(OH)@NiCoS nanorod arrays(NAs)catalysts with heterointerfaces and localized oxygen vacancies were synthesized at nickel foam substrates via the combination of hydrothermal and annealing methods to boost seawater dissociation.The hiera rchical nanostructure of NiCoS NAs enhanced electrode charge transfer rate and active surface area to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and generated sulfate gradient layers to repulsive aggressive Cl^(-).The fabricated heterostructure and vacancies of(Ni,Fe)O(OH)tuned catalyst electronic structure into an electrophilic state to enhance the binding affinity of hydroxyl intermediates and facilitate the structural transformation into amorphousγ-NiFeOOH for promoting OER.Furthermore,through operando electrochemistry techniques,we found that theγ-NiFeOOH possessing an unsaturated coordination environment and lattice-oxygen-participated OER mechanism can minimize electrode Cl^(-)corrosion enabled by stabilizing the adsorption of OH*intermediates,making it one of the best OER catalysts in the seawater medium reported to date.Consequently,these catalysts can deliver current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2for boosting OER at minimal overpotentials of 245and 316 mV,respectively,and thus prevent chloride ion oxidation simultaneously.Impressively,a highly stable anion exchange membrane(AEM)seawater electrolyzer based on the non-noble metal heterostructure electrodes reached a record low degradation rate under 100μV h-1at constant industrial current densities of 400 and 600 mA cm-2over 300 h,which exhibits a promising future for the nonprecious and stable AE展开更多
As a critical component of alkaline fuel cells, anion exchange membranes determine the energy efficiency, output power density and the long term stability. Recently, the anion exchange membranes with gemini-cation sid...As a critical component of alkaline fuel cells, anion exchange membranes determine the energy efficiency, output power density and the long term stability. Recently, the anion exchange membranes with gemini-cation side chains exhibit superior ion conductivity due to their good nanophase separation. However, the costly and complicated synthesis limits their scaling up and commercialization. To address this problem, a convenient synthetic procedure under mild conditions is well developed. A tertiary amine precursor is introduced onto the polymer by the nucleophilic substitution reaction to avoid the conventional chloro/bromo-methylation. Followed by a simple Menshutkin reaction with 6- bromo-N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1-am inium bromide, the polym er electrolytes are obtained in a high yield. The resulting anion exchange membranes with high conductivity, good fuel cell performance and restricted swelling suggest the potential for the application in fuel cell devices.展开更多
Recent advancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells has led to commercial sales of fuel-cell cars but market barrier exists because this technology heavily relies on platinum catalyst.Given the permission of ado...Recent advancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells has led to commercial sales of fuel-cell cars but market barrier exists because this technology heavily relies on platinum catalyst.Given the permission of adopting platinum-group-metal-free catalysts,anion-exchange membrane fuel cell has received notable attention.However,the sluggish kinetics of anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)largely limit the cell efficiency.Although many high-performance HOR catalysts have been reported,there are analytical uncertainties in the literature concerning the assessment of the catalyst activity.Here we determine the origin of false HOR currents in the recorded polarization curves and propose a rigorous approach to eliminate them.We unveil experimentally the uncertainties of obtaining exchange current densities(j0)using Tafel plot from Bulter–Volmer equation and recommend employing the micro-polarization region method.For bulky catalysts that cannot establish a well-defined diffusion layer,we suggest applying external stirring bar to offer certain level of enforced convection and using j0 to compare the activity.展开更多
Owing to their unique design and development,high safety and low-cost efficient cathode is still at the forefront of research for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries.However,the suitable cathode operating with ultrahigh c...Owing to their unique design and development,high safety and low-cost efficient cathode is still at the forefront of research for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries.However,the suitable cathode operating with ultrahigh capacity with a dendrite-free anode reaction mechanism remains challenging.In this,the first archetype of a high-rate and morphologically stabled cathode material is constructed from novel cauliflower-like nano-ZnV_(2)S_(4)for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Thus,nano-ZnV_(2)S_(4)was prepared with an anion exchange reaction using ZnV2(OH)8 cauliflower-like nanostructured array as a template interestingly no morphological and shape changes were detected.The as-prepared nano-ZnV_(2)S_(4)electrode reveals a specific discharge capacity of 348.2 mAh/g during 0.5 A/g with enhanced rate capability and excellent capacity retention of 89.2%at 4 A/g current density even after completing 1000 cycles.展开更多
Iron plays a crucial role in improving the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity of hydroxide materials.Increasing the number of iron active sites at the solid–liquid interface is beneficial to enhancing the OER per...Iron plays a crucial role in improving the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity of hydroxide materials.Increasing the number of iron active sites at the solid–liquid interface is beneficial to enhancing the OER performance of catalysts but still challenging.Here,by systematic exploring the activity trends of M(OH)_(x)and Cu-M(OH)_(x)(M=Mn,Cu,Ni,Fe,and Co),we discover that the Cu doping can promote the deposition of Fe active sites on metal hydroxide and Cu-Co(OH)2 shows the most favorable iron adsorption capacity.When loaded on a conductive substrate(cobalt foam(CF),the M-Cu-Co(OH)2/CF(Co(OH)_(2))prepared by molten salt method)exhibits an attractive low overpotential of 337 mV at 1,000 mA·cm^(−2).Using in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolyzer,the single cell with M-Cu-Co(OH)_(2)/CF as anode catalyst performs a stable cell voltage of 2.02 V to reach 1,000 mA·cm^(−2)over 24 h,indicating a great application potential for actual electrolytic water.Therefore,the promoted adsorption of copper on iron provides a new perspective for further enhancing the OER activity of other metal hydroxides.展开更多
Precisely controlling the crystalline phase structure and exposed facets at the atomic level opens up a new avenue for efficient catalyst design.Along this line,we report an unconventional face-centered cubic(fcc)Ru w...Precisely controlling the crystalline phase structure and exposed facets at the atomic level opens up a new avenue for efficient catalyst design.Along this line,we report an unconventional face-centered cubic(fcc)Ru with twinned structure and stacking-fault defects as a competent electrocatalyst towards alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR),which is now a major obstacle for the commercialization of anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFC).With conventional hexagonal close packing(hcp)Ru as the counterpart,a novel scope from the phase-engineering is introduced to identify the activity origin and provide fundamental understanding of the sluggish HOR kinetics in alkaline medium.Systematic electrochemical analysis assisted by deconvoluting the hydrogen(H)desorption peaks indicates the superior performance of fcc Ru origins from the structure defects and higher proportion of the most active sites.DFT calculations,together with CO-stripping voltammograns further corroborate the stronger hydroxyl species(OH^(*))affinity lead to the higher activity on these sites.Meanwhile,it also demonstrates the H^(*)adsorption/desorption on polycrystalline Ru among the conventional"hydrogen region"is accompanied by the surface bound OH^(*)in alkaline medium,which is of great significance for subsequent alkaline HOR exploration and catalyst design.展开更多
Significant advancement in anion exchange membrane(AEM)fuel cell(AEMFC)technology is important in the field of renewable energy.AEMs with comb-shaped architectures have attracted considerable research interest because...Significant advancement in anion exchange membrane(AEM)fuel cell(AEMFC)technology is important in the field of renewable energy.AEMs with comb-shaped architectures have attracted considerable research interest because of some unique features,including high anion conductivity,low swelling,and high alkaline stability.Here,we report preparation,characterization,and performance evaluation of a novel comb-shaped cross-linked AEM synthesized by the thiol-ene click and Menshutkin reactions.The prepared ionomer decreases the trade-off between the water uptake and the conductivity.The thiol-ene click reaction was used to synthesize the 1,14-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-6,9-dioxa-3,12-dithiatetradecane(IDDT)cross-linker.IDDT was then introduced into the brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)backbone by the Menshutkin reaction.The prepared ionomers show high thermomechanical stability,which is needed in AEMFC technology.The CLINK-15-100 membrane(ion exchange capacity 1.23 mmol/g)shows relatively good conductivities of 19.66 and 34.91 mS/cm at 30 and 60℃,respectively.Interestingly,the membrane shows water uptake of only 14.22%at room temperature,which is considerably lower than many previously reported membranes.After 16 days of alkaline treatment in 1 M NaOH solution at 60℃,the CLINK-15-100 membrane retains 77%of its initial conductivity,which is much better than the traditional quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)membrane.展开更多
Possibilities for enhancement of catalytic reaction rate by combining phase transfer catalysis and hydrogen bonding of the catalyst with the substrate and reagent were studied. A phase transfer catalyst library with s...Possibilities for enhancement of catalytic reaction rate by combining phase transfer catalysis and hydrogen bonding of the catalyst with the substrate and reagent were studied. A phase transfer catalyst library with sixty polystyrene-supported quaternary ammonium salt catalysts was synthesized. The reduction of acetophenone by NaBH, was used as the probing reaction to select out the most active catalyst in the library by using iterative method, which was the gel-type triethanolamine aminating strongly basic anion exchange resin with the crosslinking degree of 2% A hydrogen bonding assisted catalytic mechanism was proposed to explain the high catalytic activity of the catalyst.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Sdentific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China （No. 21627809）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21375047, 21377046, 21405059, 21575137, 21575050, and 21601064）, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province （Nos. ZR2016JL013 and ZR2016BQ10）, Graduate Innovation Foundation of University of Jinan （No. YCXB15004）, and the Special Foundation for Taishan Scholar Professorship of Shandong Province （No. ts20130937）.
文摘Development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts, particularly for high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） under benign conditions, is highly desired, but still remains a serious challenge. Herein, we report a high-performance amorphous CoMoS4 nanosheet array on carbon cloth （CoMoS4 NS/CC）, prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a Co（OH）F nanosheet array on a carbon cloth （Co（OH）F NS/CC） in （NH4）2MoS4 solution. As a three-dimensional HER electrode, CoMoS4 NS/CC exhibits remarkable activity in 1.0 M phosphate buffer saline （pH 7）, only requiring an overpotential of 183 mV to drive a geometrical current density of 10 mA·cm-2. This overpotential is 140 mV lower than that for Co（OH）F NS/CC. Notably, this electrode also shows outstanding electrochemical durability and nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency. Density functional theory calculations suggest that CoMoS4 has a more favorable hydrogen adsorption free energy than Co（OH）F.
文摘Layered double hydroxide pillared by Paratungstate A ion, Mg 12 Al 6(OH) 36 (W 7O 24 )·4H 2O, was prepared via anion exchange reaction of the synthetic precursor, Mg 4Al 2(OH) 12 TA· x H 2O(TA 2- =terephthalate), and W 7O 6- 24 ion. Trace aqueous organochlorine pesticide, hexachlorocyclohexane, was totally degraded and mineralized into CO 2 and HCl by irradiating a suspension of Mg 12 Al 6(OH) 36 (W 7O 24 )·4H 2O and HCH in the near UV area. The model and pathway for the photocatalytic degradation of HCH on the Mg 12 Al 6(OH) 36 (W 7O 24 )· 4H 2O were proposed, indicating that the interlayer space is the reaction field, and that photogeneration of OH · radicals are responsible for degradation pathway.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4002100)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22090032,22090030)。
文摘Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,particularly the presence of aggressive Cl^(-),has been proven to be prone to parasitic chloride ion oxidation and corrosion reactions,thus restricting seawater electrolyzer lifetime.Herein,hierarchical structure(Ni,Fe)O(OH)@NiCoS nanorod arrays(NAs)catalysts with heterointerfaces and localized oxygen vacancies were synthesized at nickel foam substrates via the combination of hydrothermal and annealing methods to boost seawater dissociation.The hiera rchical nanostructure of NiCoS NAs enhanced electrode charge transfer rate and active surface area to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and generated sulfate gradient layers to repulsive aggressive Cl^(-).The fabricated heterostructure and vacancies of(Ni,Fe)O(OH)tuned catalyst electronic structure into an electrophilic state to enhance the binding affinity of hydroxyl intermediates and facilitate the structural transformation into amorphousγ-NiFeOOH for promoting OER.Furthermore,through operando electrochemistry techniques,we found that theγ-NiFeOOH possessing an unsaturated coordination environment and lattice-oxygen-participated OER mechanism can minimize electrode Cl^(-)corrosion enabled by stabilizing the adsorption of OH*intermediates,making it one of the best OER catalysts in the seawater medium reported to date.Consequently,these catalysts can deliver current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2for boosting OER at minimal overpotentials of 245and 316 mV,respectively,and thus prevent chloride ion oxidation simultaneously.Impressively,a highly stable anion exchange membrane(AEM)seawater electrolyzer based on the non-noble metal heterostructure electrodes reached a record low degradation rate under 100μV h-1at constant industrial current densities of 400 and 600 mA cm-2over 300 h,which exhibits a promising future for the nonprecious and stable AE
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21720102003, 91534203 and 21522607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060190072 and WK2340000066)
文摘As a critical component of alkaline fuel cells, anion exchange membranes determine the energy efficiency, output power density and the long term stability. Recently, the anion exchange membranes with gemini-cation side chains exhibit superior ion conductivity due to their good nanophase separation. However, the costly and complicated synthesis limits their scaling up and commercialization. To address this problem, a convenient synthetic procedure under mild conditions is well developed. A tertiary amine precursor is introduced onto the polymer by the nucleophilic substitution reaction to avoid the conventional chloro/bromo-methylation. Followed by a simple Menshutkin reaction with 6- bromo-N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1-am inium bromide, the polym er electrolytes are obtained in a high yield. The resulting anion exchange membranes with high conductivity, good fuel cell performance and restricted swelling suggest the potential for the application in fuel cell devices.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2018YFA0702001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225901,21975237,and 22175162)+3 种基金the Anhui Provincial Research and Development Program(No.202004a05020073)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2340000101)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(No.YD2340002007)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(No.RERU2022007).
文摘Recent advancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells has led to commercial sales of fuel-cell cars but market barrier exists because this technology heavily relies on platinum catalyst.Given the permission of adopting platinum-group-metal-free catalysts,anion-exchange membrane fuel cell has received notable attention.However,the sluggish kinetics of anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)largely limit the cell efficiency.Although many high-performance HOR catalysts have been reported,there are analytical uncertainties in the literature concerning the assessment of the catalyst activity.Here we determine the origin of false HOR currents in the recorded polarization curves and propose a rigorous approach to eliminate them.We unveil experimentally the uncertainties of obtaining exchange current densities(j0)using Tafel plot from Bulter–Volmer equation and recommend employing the micro-polarization region method.For bulky catalysts that cannot establish a well-defined diffusion layer,we suggest applying external stirring bar to offer certain level of enforced convection and using j0 to compare the activity.
基金The authors acknowledge the funding for this project through the National Nature Science Foundations of China(No.51873083)Jasmine Jiangsu Fellowship of Jiangsu Province(No.180511800007)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX20_1453).
文摘Owing to their unique design and development,high safety and low-cost efficient cathode is still at the forefront of research for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries.However,the suitable cathode operating with ultrahigh capacity with a dendrite-free anode reaction mechanism remains challenging.In this,the first archetype of a high-rate and morphologically stabled cathode material is constructed from novel cauliflower-like nano-ZnV_(2)S_(4)for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Thus,nano-ZnV_(2)S_(4)was prepared with an anion exchange reaction using ZnV2(OH)8 cauliflower-like nanostructured array as a template interestingly no morphological and shape changes were detected.The as-prepared nano-ZnV_(2)S_(4)electrode reveals a specific discharge capacity of 348.2 mAh/g during 0.5 A/g with enhanced rate capability and excellent capacity retention of 89.2%at 4 A/g current density even after completing 1000 cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174283)Innovation Fund Project for Graduate Student of China University of Petroleum(East China)(No.22CX04026A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Iron plays a crucial role in improving the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity of hydroxide materials.Increasing the number of iron active sites at the solid–liquid interface is beneficial to enhancing the OER performance of catalysts but still challenging.Here,by systematic exploring the activity trends of M(OH)_(x)and Cu-M(OH)_(x)(M=Mn,Cu,Ni,Fe,and Co),we discover that the Cu doping can promote the deposition of Fe active sites on metal hydroxide and Cu-Co(OH)2 shows the most favorable iron adsorption capacity.When loaded on a conductive substrate(cobalt foam(CF),the M-Cu-Co(OH)2/CF(Co(OH)_(2))prepared by molten salt method)exhibits an attractive low overpotential of 337 mV at 1,000 mA·cm^(−2).Using in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolyzer,the single cell with M-Cu-Co(OH)_(2)/CF as anode catalyst performs a stable cell voltage of 2.02 V to reach 1,000 mA·cm^(−2)over 24 h,indicating a great application potential for actual electrolytic water.Therefore,the promoted adsorption of copper on iron provides a new perspective for further enhancing the OER activity of other metal hydroxides.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(91963109)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019kfyRCPY100)supported by the Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science&Technology。
文摘Precisely controlling the crystalline phase structure and exposed facets at the atomic level opens up a new avenue for efficient catalyst design.Along this line,we report an unconventional face-centered cubic(fcc)Ru with twinned structure and stacking-fault defects as a competent electrocatalyst towards alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR),which is now a major obstacle for the commercialization of anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFC).With conventional hexagonal close packing(hcp)Ru as the counterpart,a novel scope from the phase-engineering is introduced to identify the activity origin and provide fundamental understanding of the sluggish HOR kinetics in alkaline medium.Systematic electrochemical analysis assisted by deconvoluting the hydrogen(H)desorption peaks indicates the superior performance of fcc Ru origins from the structure defects and higher proportion of the most active sites.DFT calculations,together with CO-stripping voltammograns further corroborate the stronger hydroxyl species(OH^(*))affinity lead to the higher activity on these sites.Meanwhile,it also demonstrates the H^(*)adsorption/desorption on polycrystalline Ru among the conventional"hydrogen region"is accompanied by the surface bound OH^(*)in alkaline medium,which is of great significance for subsequent alkaline HOR exploration and catalyst design.
基金Financial support from the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.91534203,21490581)is gratefully acknowledged.A scholarship from the CAS-TWAS Presidents Fellowship is highly appreciated.
文摘Significant advancement in anion exchange membrane(AEM)fuel cell(AEMFC)technology is important in the field of renewable energy.AEMs with comb-shaped architectures have attracted considerable research interest because of some unique features,including high anion conductivity,low swelling,and high alkaline stability.Here,we report preparation,characterization,and performance evaluation of a novel comb-shaped cross-linked AEM synthesized by the thiol-ene click and Menshutkin reactions.The prepared ionomer decreases the trade-off between the water uptake and the conductivity.The thiol-ene click reaction was used to synthesize the 1,14-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-6,9-dioxa-3,12-dithiatetradecane(IDDT)cross-linker.IDDT was then introduced into the brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)backbone by the Menshutkin reaction.The prepared ionomers show high thermomechanical stability,which is needed in AEMFC technology.The CLINK-15-100 membrane(ion exchange capacity 1.23 mmol/g)shows relatively good conductivities of 19.66 and 34.91 mS/cm at 30 and 60℃,respectively.Interestingly,the membrane shows water uptake of only 14.22%at room temperature,which is considerably lower than many previously reported membranes.After 16 days of alkaline treatment in 1 M NaOH solution at 60℃,the CLINK-15-100 membrane retains 77%of its initial conductivity,which is much better than the traditional quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)membrane.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China !(Grant No. 29574164 and 29974015)
文摘Possibilities for enhancement of catalytic reaction rate by combining phase transfer catalysis and hydrogen bonding of the catalyst with the substrate and reagent were studied. A phase transfer catalyst library with sixty polystyrene-supported quaternary ammonium salt catalysts was synthesized. The reduction of acetophenone by NaBH, was used as the probing reaction to select out the most active catalyst in the library by using iterative method, which was the gel-type triethanolamine aminating strongly basic anion exchange resin with the crosslinking degree of 2% A hydrogen bonding assisted catalytic mechanism was proposed to explain the high catalytic activity of the catalyst.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21073023,20906008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT12YQ03)~~
