目的:探究在以SH-SY5Y细胞作为神经元代表,β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)诱导凋亡的阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer′s Disease,AD)体外细胞模型中,西洋参水提物(water extracts of American Ginseng,WEAG)对神经元的保护作用。方法:流式细胞仪(FCM)...目的:探究在以SH-SY5Y细胞作为神经元代表,β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)诱导凋亡的阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer′s Disease,AD)体外细胞模型中,西洋参水提物(water extracts of American Ginseng,WEAG)对神经元的保护作用。方法:流式细胞仪(FCM)检测确定Aβ25-35诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的最佳浓度和时间,以及WEAG抗凋亡的浓度,MTT法检测细胞存活率,Hoechst33258染色观察细胞形态的变化。结果:50μmol/L Aβ25-35诱导SH-SY5Y细胞72 h后,细胞变圆,聚集,Hoechst33258染色可见明显的颗粒状和固缩状荧光,FCM检测凋亡率达(37.30±0.69)%,与对照组(1.56±0.80)%比较,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。而Aβ25-35和不同浓度的WEAG(0.5、1、5 mg/ml)同时孵育后,细胞形态明显改善,MTT值显著高于Aβ25-35处理组(P<0.01),凋亡率分别降低到(16.71±1.08)%、(10.52±2.11)%和(3.39±1.65)%,与Aβ25-35损伤组(37.30±0.69)%相比,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05),并呈现出剂量依赖关系。结论:西洋参水提物对Aβ25-35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡有显著的保护作用。展开更多
Although amyloid-β peptide is considered neurotoxic, it may mediate several physiological processes during embryonic development and in the adult brain. The pathological function of amyloid-β peptide has been extens...Although amyloid-β peptide is considered neurotoxic, it may mediate several physiological processes during embryonic development and in the adult brain. The pathological function of amyloid-β peptide has been extensively studied due to its implication in Alzheimer’s disease, but its physiological function remains poorly understood. Amyloid-β peptide can be detected in non-aggregated (monomeric) and aggregated (oligomeric and fibrillary) forms. Each form has different cytotoxic and/or physiological properties, so amyloid-β peptide and its role in Alzheimer’s disease need to be studied further. Neural stem cells and neural precursor cells are good tools for the study on neurodegenerative diseases and can provide future therapeutic applications in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we provide an outline of the effects of amyloid-β peptide, in monomeric and aggregated forms, on the biology of neural stem cells/neural precursor cells, and discuss the controversies. We also describe the possible molecular targets that could be implicated in these effects, especially GSK3β. A better understanding of amyloid-β peptide (both physiological and pathological), and the signaling pathways involved are essential to advance the field of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Although humans have spent exactly 100 years combating Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the molecular mechanisms of AD remain unclear. Owing to the rapid growth of the oldest age groups of the popula-tion and the continuous...Although humans have spent exactly 100 years combating Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the molecular mechanisms of AD remain unclear. Owing to the rapid growth of the oldest age groups of the popula-tion and the continuous increase of the incidence of AD, it has become one of the crucial problems to modern sciences. It would be impossible to prevent or reverse AD at the root without elucidating its molecular mechanisms. From the point of view of metal-amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) interactions, we review the molecular mechanisms of AD, mainly including Cu2+ and Zn2+ inducing the aggregation of Aβ, cata-lysing the production of active oxygen species from Aβ, as well as interacting with the ion-channel-like structures of Aβ. Moreover, the development of therapeutic drugs on the basis of metal-Aβ interactions is also briefly introduced. With the increasingly rapid progress of the molecular mechanisms of AD, we are now entering a new dawn that promises the delivery of revolutionary developments for the control of dementias.展开更多
The histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease and can improve learning and memory but its underlying mechanism of action is unknown. To determine whether the therapeutic effe...The histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease and can improve learning and memory but its underlying mechanism of action is unknown. To determine whether the therapeutic effect of trichostatin A on Alzheimer’s disease is associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein-1(Keap1) signaling pathway, amyloid β-peptide 25–35(Aβ25–35) was used to induce Alzheimer’s disease-like pathological changes in SH-SY5 Y neuroblastoma cells. Cells were then treated with trichostatin A. The effects of trichostatin A on the expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot assays and immunofluorescence. Total antioxidant capacity and autophagy activity were evaluated by total antioxidant capacity assay kit and light chain 3-I/II levels, respectively. We found that trichostatin A increased cell viability and Nrf2 expression, and decreased Keap1 expression in SH-SY5 Y cells. Furthermore, trichostatin A increased the expression of Nrf2-related target genes, such as superoxide dismutase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione S-transferase, thereby increasing the total antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5 Y cells and inhibiting amyloid β-peptide-induced autophagy. Knockdown of Keap1 in SH-SY5 Y cells further increased trichostatin A-induced Nrf2 expression. These results indicate that the therapeutic effect of trichostatin A on Alzheimer’s disease is associated with the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. The mechanism for this action may be that trichostatin A increases cell viability and the antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5 Y cells by alleviating Keap1-mediated inhibition Nrf2 signaling, thereby alleviating amyloid β-peptide-induced cell damage.展开更多
文摘目的:探究在以SH-SY5Y细胞作为神经元代表,β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)诱导凋亡的阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer′s Disease,AD)体外细胞模型中,西洋参水提物(water extracts of American Ginseng,WEAG)对神经元的保护作用。方法:流式细胞仪(FCM)检测确定Aβ25-35诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的最佳浓度和时间,以及WEAG抗凋亡的浓度,MTT法检测细胞存活率,Hoechst33258染色观察细胞形态的变化。结果:50μmol/L Aβ25-35诱导SH-SY5Y细胞72 h后,细胞变圆,聚集,Hoechst33258染色可见明显的颗粒状和固缩状荧光,FCM检测凋亡率达(37.30±0.69)%,与对照组(1.56±0.80)%比较,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。而Aβ25-35和不同浓度的WEAG(0.5、1、5 mg/ml)同时孵育后,细胞形态明显改善,MTT值显著高于Aβ25-35处理组(P<0.01),凋亡率分别降低到(16.71±1.08)%、(10.52±2.11)%和(3.39±1.65)%,与Aβ25-35损伤组(37.30±0.69)%相比,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05),并呈现出剂量依赖关系。结论:西洋参水提物对Aβ25-35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡有显著的保护作用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30840085)the Open Research Fund of the Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province+7 种基金China(No.2009011059-8)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi ProvinceChina(No.2010011049-3)the Dean's Fund of the Co-constructing Key Laboratory of Cellular PhysiologyMinistry of EducationShanxi Medical University(2010-07)the Science and Technology Fund of Taiyuan CityChina(No.100115168)
基金supported by grants from the MICINN-ISCⅢ(PI-10/00291 and MPY1412/09)MINECO(SAF2015-71140-R)+1 种基金Comunidad de Madrid(NEUROSTEMCM consortium S2010/BMD-2336)(all to IL)
文摘Although amyloid-β peptide is considered neurotoxic, it may mediate several physiological processes during embryonic development and in the adult brain. The pathological function of amyloid-β peptide has been extensively studied due to its implication in Alzheimer’s disease, but its physiological function remains poorly understood. Amyloid-β peptide can be detected in non-aggregated (monomeric) and aggregated (oligomeric and fibrillary) forms. Each form has different cytotoxic and/or physiological properties, so amyloid-β peptide and its role in Alzheimer’s disease need to be studied further. Neural stem cells and neural precursor cells are good tools for the study on neurodegenerative diseases and can provide future therapeutic applications in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we provide an outline of the effects of amyloid-β peptide, in monomeric and aggregated forms, on the biology of neural stem cells/neural precursor cells, and discuss the controversies. We also describe the possible molecular targets that could be implicated in these effects, especially GSK3β. A better understanding of amyloid-β peptide (both physiological and pathological), and the signaling pathways involved are essential to advance the field of Alzheimer’s disease.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30470408 and 20637010)the Youth Foundation of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 2006021009)
文摘Although humans have spent exactly 100 years combating Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the molecular mechanisms of AD remain unclear. Owing to the rapid growth of the oldest age groups of the popula-tion and the continuous increase of the incidence of AD, it has become one of the crucial problems to modern sciences. It would be impossible to prevent or reverse AD at the root without elucidating its molecular mechanisms. From the point of view of metal-amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) interactions, we review the molecular mechanisms of AD, mainly including Cu2+ and Zn2+ inducing the aggregation of Aβ, cata-lysing the production of active oxygen species from Aβ, as well as interacting with the ion-channel-like structures of Aβ. Moreover, the development of therapeutic drugs on the basis of metal-Aβ interactions is also briefly introduced. With the increasingly rapid progress of the molecular mechanisms of AD, we are now entering a new dawn that promises the delivery of revolutionary developments for the control of dementias.
文摘The histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease and can improve learning and memory but its underlying mechanism of action is unknown. To determine whether the therapeutic effect of trichostatin A on Alzheimer’s disease is associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein-1(Keap1) signaling pathway, amyloid β-peptide 25–35(Aβ25–35) was used to induce Alzheimer’s disease-like pathological changes in SH-SY5 Y neuroblastoma cells. Cells were then treated with trichostatin A. The effects of trichostatin A on the expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot assays and immunofluorescence. Total antioxidant capacity and autophagy activity were evaluated by total antioxidant capacity assay kit and light chain 3-I/II levels, respectively. We found that trichostatin A increased cell viability and Nrf2 expression, and decreased Keap1 expression in SH-SY5 Y cells. Furthermore, trichostatin A increased the expression of Nrf2-related target genes, such as superoxide dismutase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione S-transferase, thereby increasing the total antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5 Y cells and inhibiting amyloid β-peptide-induced autophagy. Knockdown of Keap1 in SH-SY5 Y cells further increased trichostatin A-induced Nrf2 expression. These results indicate that the therapeutic effect of trichostatin A on Alzheimer’s disease is associated with the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. The mechanism for this action may be that trichostatin A increases cell viability and the antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5 Y cells by alleviating Keap1-mediated inhibition Nrf2 signaling, thereby alleviating amyloid β-peptide-induced cell damage.
