During different growth periods,canopy size and density in orchards are variable,which need application conditions(flow rate and air flow)to be adjusted to match the canopy’s characteristics.In order to improve orcha...During different growth periods,canopy size and density in orchards are variable,which need application conditions(flow rate and air flow)to be adjusted to match the canopy’s characteristics.In order to improve orchard sprayer’s automatic operating performance,an automatic variable-rate orchard sprayer(VARS)fixed with 40 electromagnetic valves and 8 brushless fans was developed based on the canopy’s spatial dimensions.Each solenoid valve and brushless motor can be individually adjusted in real-time through pulse width modulation(PWM)signals emitted by a control system to adjust each nozzle’s spout and fan rotation speed.A high-precision laser scanning sensor(light detecting and ranging,LIDAR)was adopted as the detector to measure the canopy volume using the variable rate algorithm principle.Field experiments were conducted in an apple orchard,and conventional air blast sprayer(CABS)and directed air-jet sprayer(DAJS)were tested as a comparison.Results showed that on average,46%less spraying solution was applied compared to conventional applications,while penetration rate was similar to DAJS.Normalized deposition in the canopy with variable application was higher than that of conventional applications,indicating that electronic sprayers are more efficient than conventional sprayers.It was also observed that VARS could significantly reduce off-target loss.The field experiment showed that the newly developed variable-rate sprayer can greatly reduce pesticide use and protect the environment for the orchard fruit production,and also provide a reference for design and performance optimization for plant protection machinery.展开更多
文中提出了一种基于恒温差的热式空气流量计的设计方法。该流量计采用微型流量传感器、集成测速铂电阻和测温铂电阻,能够有效补偿环境温度对空气流量的影响。采用多项式最小二乘法,建立空气流量与传感器输出电压之间的数学模型,通过单...文中提出了一种基于恒温差的热式空气流量计的设计方法。该流量计采用微型流量传感器、集成测速铂电阻和测温铂电阻,能够有效补偿环境温度对空气流量的影响。采用多项式最小二乘法,建立空气流量与传感器输出电压之间的数学模型,通过单片机处理,输出标准的4~20 m A电流信号。实验数据结果表明,该流量计具有响应速度快、测量范围大、测量精度高和重复性好等优点。展开更多
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was financially supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest(No.201503130)Beijing Science and technology plan projects(No.D171100002317003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470099).
文摘During different growth periods,canopy size and density in orchards are variable,which need application conditions(flow rate and air flow)to be adjusted to match the canopy’s characteristics.In order to improve orchard sprayer’s automatic operating performance,an automatic variable-rate orchard sprayer(VARS)fixed with 40 electromagnetic valves and 8 brushless fans was developed based on the canopy’s spatial dimensions.Each solenoid valve and brushless motor can be individually adjusted in real-time through pulse width modulation(PWM)signals emitted by a control system to adjust each nozzle’s spout and fan rotation speed.A high-precision laser scanning sensor(light detecting and ranging,LIDAR)was adopted as the detector to measure the canopy volume using the variable rate algorithm principle.Field experiments were conducted in an apple orchard,and conventional air blast sprayer(CABS)and directed air-jet sprayer(DAJS)were tested as a comparison.Results showed that on average,46%less spraying solution was applied compared to conventional applications,while penetration rate was similar to DAJS.Normalized deposition in the canopy with variable application was higher than that of conventional applications,indicating that electronic sprayers are more efficient than conventional sprayers.It was also observed that VARS could significantly reduce off-target loss.The field experiment showed that the newly developed variable-rate sprayer can greatly reduce pesticide use and protect the environment for the orchard fruit production,and also provide a reference for design and performance optimization for plant protection machinery.
文摘文中提出了一种基于恒温差的热式空气流量计的设计方法。该流量计采用微型流量传感器、集成测速铂电阻和测温铂电阻,能够有效补偿环境温度对空气流量的影响。采用多项式最小二乘法,建立空气流量与传感器输出电压之间的数学模型,通过单片机处理,输出标准的4~20 m A电流信号。实验数据结果表明,该流量计具有响应速度快、测量范围大、测量精度高和重复性好等优点。
