A highly charged manned spacecraft threatens the life of an astronaut and extravehicular activity, which can be effectively reduced by controlling the spacecraft surface charging. In this article, the controlling of s...A highly charged manned spacecraft threatens the life of an astronaut and extravehicular activity, which can be effectively reduced by controlling the spacecraft surface charging. In this article, the controlling of surface charging on Chinese Space Station （CSS） is investigated, and a method to reduce the negative potential to the CSS is the emission electron with a hollow cathode plasma eontactor. The analysis is obtained that the high voltage （HV） solar array of the CSS collecting electron current can reach 4.5 A, which can be eliminated by emitting an adequate electron current on the CSS. The theoretical analysis and experimental results are addressed, when the minimum xenon flow rate of the hollow cathode is 4.0 sccm, the emission electron current can neutralize the collected electron current, which ensures that the potential of the CSS can be controlled in a range of less than 21 V, satisfied with safety voltage. The results can provide a significant reference value to define a flow rate to the potential controlling programme for CSS.展开更多
中点平衡问题是三相四线制三电平三桥臂有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)的一个固有问题,目前在矢量调制中尚无完善的控制理论完全解决此问题。该文通过对各种电流电压状态下每个三维空间矢量对直流中点电位的影响进行分析,提出...中点平衡问题是三相四线制三电平三桥臂有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)的一个固有问题,目前在矢量调制中尚无完善的控制理论完全解决此问题。该文通过对各种电流电压状态下每个三维空间矢量对直流中点电位的影响进行分析,提出了"中点控制度"(neutral-point control grades,NPCG)的概念,并给出了NPCG的计算公式;基于NPCG,在α-β-0坐标系下提出一种基于坐标平移原理的新型"三维矢量优化选择调制策略"(optimized3D space vector modulation,O3DSVM),该调制策略能优化选择NPCG值较高的矢量以合成目标矢量,从而达到最大程度控制直流中点电位偏移的目的。仿真分析验证了中点控制度理论及O3DSVM调制策略的正确性和可行性,采用该策略的APF不但中点电位得到了有效控制,且补偿效果良好。展开更多
A bench-scale reactor（72 L） red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes： traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operati...A bench-scale reactor（72 L） red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes： traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operation mode on the system performance and to develop a feasible control strategy. Results obtained from fixed-time control study indicate that the variations of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） profiles can represent dynamic characteristics of system and the cycle sequences can be controlled and optimized by the control points on the pH and ORP profiles. A control strategy was, therefore, developed and applied to real-time control mode. Compared with traditional mode, the total nitrogen（TN） removal can be increased by approximately 16% in modified mode and a mean TN removal of 92% was achieved in real-time control mode. Moreover, approximately 12.5% aeration energy was saved in real- time control mode. The result of this study shows that the performance of nitrogen removal was enhanced in modified operation mode. Moreover, the real-time control made it possible to optimize process operation and save aeration energy.展开更多
文摘A highly charged manned spacecraft threatens the life of an astronaut and extravehicular activity, which can be effectively reduced by controlling the spacecraft surface charging. In this article, the controlling of surface charging on Chinese Space Station （CSS） is investigated, and a method to reduce the negative potential to the CSS is the emission electron with a hollow cathode plasma eontactor. The analysis is obtained that the high voltage （HV） solar array of the CSS collecting electron current can reach 4.5 A, which can be eliminated by emitting an adequate electron current on the CSS. The theoretical analysis and experimental results are addressed, when the minimum xenon flow rate of the hollow cathode is 4.0 sccm, the emission electron current can neutralize the collected electron current, which ensures that the potential of the CSS can be controlled in a range of less than 21 V, satisfied with safety voltage. The results can provide a significant reference value to define a flow rate to the potential controlling programme for CSS.
文摘中点平衡问题是三相四线制三电平三桥臂有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)的一个固有问题,目前在矢量调制中尚无完善的控制理论完全解决此问题。该文通过对各种电流电压状态下每个三维空间矢量对直流中点电位的影响进行分析,提出了"中点控制度"(neutral-point control grades,NPCG)的概念,并给出了NPCG的计算公式;基于NPCG,在α-β-0坐标系下提出一种基于坐标平移原理的新型"三维矢量优化选择调制策略"(optimized3D space vector modulation,O3DSVM),该调制策略能优化选择NPCG值较高的矢量以合成目标矢量,从而达到最大程度控制直流中点电位偏移的目的。仿真分析验证了中点控制度理论及O3DSVM调制策略的正确性和可行性,采用该策略的APF不但中点电位得到了有效控制,且补偿效果良好。
基金The Project of Beijing Science and Technology Committee (No.020620010120) ,the Hi_Tech Research and Development Program(863) of China (No.2004AA601020) ,the Project under Key International Cooperative Programs of NSFC(No.50521140075) and the Project of Key Laboratory of Beiing
文摘A bench-scale reactor（72 L） red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes： traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operation mode on the system performance and to develop a feasible control strategy. Results obtained from fixed-time control study indicate that the variations of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） profiles can represent dynamic characteristics of system and the cycle sequences can be controlled and optimized by the control points on the pH and ORP profiles. A control strategy was, therefore, developed and applied to real-time control mode. Compared with traditional mode, the total nitrogen（TN） removal can be increased by approximately 16% in modified mode and a mean TN removal of 92% was achieved in real-time control mode. Moreover, approximately 12.5% aeration energy was saved in real- time control mode. The result of this study shows that the performance of nitrogen removal was enhanced in modified operation mode. Moreover, the real-time control made it possible to optimize process operation and save aeration energy.
