The central-peripheral population hypothesis (CPH) predicts that peripheral populations have reduced genetic variability. Therefore, it is often assumed that they deserve higher conservation priority over central popu...The central-peripheral population hypothesis (CPH) predicts that peripheral populations have reduced genetic variability. Therefore, it is often assumed that they deserve higher conservation priority over central populations. We examined this hypothesis using computer simulations with the objective of determining the range of species properties (parameters) under which a species is likely to exhibit the CPH pattern. The interaction between migration, genetic drift, and time of population establishment was examined; in particular, various parameters of migration, such as mode of dispersal, migration rate, and maximum migration distance, were investigated. The CPH pattern was observed only within a narrow parameter window of various species properties. Active dispersers with low migration rate and moderate maximum migration distance were more likely to have higher genetic diversity in the central populations than in the peripheral populations. Newly established populations were also more likely to exhibit the CPH pattern. Although migration rate appeared to be the most important determining factor, sensitivity analysis sug- gested that the interaction between parameters is probably more important than any single parameter. Our findings have important implications for conservation programs.展开更多
随着碳中和目标的明确,通过技术手段降低社会用能成本对能源低碳转型有着重要意义。基于此提出一种主动配电网降压节能(conservation voltage reduction,CVR)运行方法。采用负荷指数模型,通过有载调压变压器(on-load tap changer,OLTC)...随着碳中和目标的明确,通过技术手段降低社会用能成本对能源低碳转型有着重要意义。基于此提出一种主动配电网降压节能(conservation voltage reduction,CVR)运行方法。采用负荷指数模型,通过有载调压变压器(on-load tap changer,OLTC)调节实现降压节能运行,配以网络重构、分布式电源(distributed generations,DGs)调节等主动管理策略保证降压节能运行的同时满足供电电能质量要求,实现一段时间内配电系统总能耗最小。通过IEEE 33节点配电网算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性和合理性。展开更多
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences (CIB-2007- LYQY-Q02) to QDa Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant to JF
文摘The central-peripheral population hypothesis (CPH) predicts that peripheral populations have reduced genetic variability. Therefore, it is often assumed that they deserve higher conservation priority over central populations. We examined this hypothesis using computer simulations with the objective of determining the range of species properties (parameters) under which a species is likely to exhibit the CPH pattern. The interaction between migration, genetic drift, and time of population establishment was examined; in particular, various parameters of migration, such as mode of dispersal, migration rate, and maximum migration distance, were investigated. The CPH pattern was observed only within a narrow parameter window of various species properties. Active dispersers with low migration rate and moderate maximum migration distance were more likely to have higher genetic diversity in the central populations than in the peripheral populations. Newly established populations were also more likely to exhibit the CPH pattern. Although migration rate appeared to be the most important determining factor, sensitivity analysis sug- gested that the interaction between parameters is probably more important than any single parameter. Our findings have important implications for conservation programs.
文摘随着碳中和目标的明确,通过技术手段降低社会用能成本对能源低碳转型有着重要意义。基于此提出一种主动配电网降压节能(conservation voltage reduction,CVR)运行方法。采用负荷指数模型,通过有载调压变压器(on-load tap changer,OLTC)调节实现降压节能运行,配以网络重构、分布式电源(distributed generations,DGs)调节等主动管理策略保证降压节能运行的同时满足供电电能质量要求,实现一段时间内配电系统总能耗最小。通过IEEE 33节点配电网算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性和合理性。
