乙酰CoA羧化酶(acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACC)是脂肪酸合成的限速酶,它催化乙酰CoA合成丙二酰CoA,对 脂肪的合成起着重要的调节作用,它与肥胖的发生及发展关系密切。ACC在体内受多种激素的调节,运动及饮食也 能通过调节ACC的活性来调节...乙酰CoA羧化酶(acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACC)是脂肪酸合成的限速酶,它催化乙酰CoA合成丙二酰CoA,对 脂肪的合成起着重要的调节作用,它与肥胖的发生及发展关系密切。ACC在体内受多种激素的调节,运动及饮食也 能通过调节ACC的活性来调节体内脂代谢过程。展开更多
Plant evolution, nutritional genomics, and mineral nutrition have been well documented but no studies have focused on the molecular adaptation of crop metabolism to wide variations of mineral ion composition and conce...Plant evolution, nutritional genomics, and mineral nutrition have been well documented but no studies have focused on the molecular adaptation of crop metabolism to wide variations of mineral ion composition and concentration. Diversification of peanut species from primary centers of domestication in South America depended on metabolic adaptation to the mineral ion conditions of the newer habitats. Understanding the diversification molecular biology of peanut metabolic pathways will permit the synthesis of the best mineral ion combinations for doubling CO2 assimilation. Valencia and Virginia cultivars belong to different subspecies of the tetraploid Arachis hypogaea. They were planted in the absence and presence of up to 99 mM (equivalent to 166 moles per hectare) of different mineral ions. Molecular properties of the primary metabolic pathways were studied by Northern analyses using Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs as probes for Virginia mRNA and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Messenger RNAs are silenced by homologous RNAs synthesized by GDH. Peanut cellulose was analyzed by gravimetry;and fatty acids by HPLC. Complementary DNA probes made from Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs hybridized perfectly to Virginia mRNAs and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Wide variations in mineral ion compositions and concentrations induced the GDHs of Valencia and Virginia to synthesize RNAs that differentially down-regulated the mRNAs encoding phosphate translocator, granule-bound starch synthase, phosphoglucomutase, glucosyltransferase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, nitrate reductase, and NADH-glutamate synthase so that the percent weights of oil (41.53 ± 8.75) and cellulose (30.29 ± 3.12) were similar in the control and mineral-treated peanuts. Therefore, RNA sequences that defined the molecular adaptation of mRNAs encoding the enzymes of primary metabolism were the same in the varietal types of A. hypogaea, in agreement with genetic data suggesting that tetraploid Arachis evolved relatively recently from the wild diploid ancestral species. Another molecula展开更多
目的探讨影响腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(AMP activated protein kinase,AMPK)/乙酰辅酶a羧化酶(acetyl Co A carboxylase,ACC)信号通路导致烧伤后骨骼肌脂质沉积(intramyocellular lipids,IMCLs)的分子机制。方法采用30%体表面积Ⅲ度烧伤小鼠...目的探讨影响腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(AMP activated protein kinase,AMPK)/乙酰辅酶a羧化酶(acetyl Co A carboxylase,ACC)信号通路导致烧伤后骨骼肌脂质沉积(intramyocellular lipids,IMCLs)的分子机制。方法采用30%体表面积Ⅲ度烧伤小鼠模型,将54只BALB/c小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、AMPK激活剂(acadesine,AICAR)组、烧伤组、烧伤+AICAR组,同位素标记法检测各组小鼠腓肠肌中肉碱脂酰转移酶-1(carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1,CPT1)活性变化,Western blot检测各组小鼠腓肠肌中AMPK-α、p-AMPK-α、ACC及p-ACC表达水平,通过油红O染色和甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)测定法评估各组小鼠腓肠肌IMCLs情况。结果烧伤后小鼠腓肠肌中ACC表达量较伤前显著升高(P<0.05),而AMPK-α、p-AMPK-α、p-ACC以及CPT1活性均显著降低(P<0.05)。在AICAR作用下,正常小鼠腓肠肌中p-AMPK-α表达显著升高[(1.16±0.08)vs(2.38±0.22),P<0.05],p-ACC表达显著升高[(1.74±0.10)vs(3.72±0.18),P<0.05],CPT1活性显著升高[(2.95±0.39)nmol/(min·mg)vs(6.35±0.68)nmol/(min·mg),P<0.05],TG含量显著降低[(3.88±0.40)mmol/g vs(2.89±0.54)mmol/g,P<0.05]。烧伤+AICAR组小鼠腓肠肌中p-AMPK-α、p-ACC、CPT1活性及甘油三酯含量较烧伤组无显著差异(P>0.05)。正常对照组和AICAR组正常小鼠腓肠肌组织切片油红O染色未见明显脂质沉积,而烧伤组和烧伤+AICAR组烧伤小鼠腓肠肌组织切片油红O染色均显示有大量脂质沉积,两组间并无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论骨骼肌中AMPK磷酸化障碍是烧伤后IMCLs的重要分子机制之一。展开更多
文摘Plant evolution, nutritional genomics, and mineral nutrition have been well documented but no studies have focused on the molecular adaptation of crop metabolism to wide variations of mineral ion composition and concentration. Diversification of peanut species from primary centers of domestication in South America depended on metabolic adaptation to the mineral ion conditions of the newer habitats. Understanding the diversification molecular biology of peanut metabolic pathways will permit the synthesis of the best mineral ion combinations for doubling CO2 assimilation. Valencia and Virginia cultivars belong to different subspecies of the tetraploid Arachis hypogaea. They were planted in the absence and presence of up to 99 mM (equivalent to 166 moles per hectare) of different mineral ions. Molecular properties of the primary metabolic pathways were studied by Northern analyses using Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs as probes for Virginia mRNA and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Messenger RNAs are silenced by homologous RNAs synthesized by GDH. Peanut cellulose was analyzed by gravimetry;and fatty acids by HPLC. Complementary DNA probes made from Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs hybridized perfectly to Virginia mRNAs and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Wide variations in mineral ion compositions and concentrations induced the GDHs of Valencia and Virginia to synthesize RNAs that differentially down-regulated the mRNAs encoding phosphate translocator, granule-bound starch synthase, phosphoglucomutase, glucosyltransferase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, nitrate reductase, and NADH-glutamate synthase so that the percent weights of oil (41.53 ± 8.75) and cellulose (30.29 ± 3.12) were similar in the control and mineral-treated peanuts. Therefore, RNA sequences that defined the molecular adaptation of mRNAs encoding the enzymes of primary metabolism were the same in the varietal types of A. hypogaea, in agreement with genetic data suggesting that tetraploid Arachis evolved relatively recently from the wild diploid ancestral species. Another molecula
文摘目的探讨影响腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(AMP activated protein kinase,AMPK)/乙酰辅酶a羧化酶(acetyl Co A carboxylase,ACC)信号通路导致烧伤后骨骼肌脂质沉积(intramyocellular lipids,IMCLs)的分子机制。方法采用30%体表面积Ⅲ度烧伤小鼠模型,将54只BALB/c小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、AMPK激活剂(acadesine,AICAR)组、烧伤组、烧伤+AICAR组,同位素标记法检测各组小鼠腓肠肌中肉碱脂酰转移酶-1(carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1,CPT1)活性变化,Western blot检测各组小鼠腓肠肌中AMPK-α、p-AMPK-α、ACC及p-ACC表达水平,通过油红O染色和甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)测定法评估各组小鼠腓肠肌IMCLs情况。结果烧伤后小鼠腓肠肌中ACC表达量较伤前显著升高(P<0.05),而AMPK-α、p-AMPK-α、p-ACC以及CPT1活性均显著降低(P<0.05)。在AICAR作用下,正常小鼠腓肠肌中p-AMPK-α表达显著升高[(1.16±0.08)vs(2.38±0.22),P<0.05],p-ACC表达显著升高[(1.74±0.10)vs(3.72±0.18),P<0.05],CPT1活性显著升高[(2.95±0.39)nmol/(min·mg)vs(6.35±0.68)nmol/(min·mg),P<0.05],TG含量显著降低[(3.88±0.40)mmol/g vs(2.89±0.54)mmol/g,P<0.05]。烧伤+AICAR组小鼠腓肠肌中p-AMPK-α、p-ACC、CPT1活性及甘油三酯含量较烧伤组无显著差异(P>0.05)。正常对照组和AICAR组正常小鼠腓肠肌组织切片油红O染色未见明显脂质沉积,而烧伤组和烧伤+AICAR组烧伤小鼠腓肠肌组织切片油红O染色均显示有大量脂质沉积,两组间并无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论骨骼肌中AMPK磷酸化障碍是烧伤后IMCLs的重要分子机制之一。
文摘采用整株生物测定法检测了华东部分稻区水稻田千金子Leptochloa chinensis (L.)Nees对氰氟草酯的抗性水平并初步探讨了其抗性发生的分子机理。结果表明:与敏感种群(LC-S)相比,采自华东部分稻区水稻田的25个千金子种群对氰氟草酯均表现出一定的抗性,其中LC-17-276、LC-17-281、LC-17-282、LC-17-283、LC-17-289和LC-17-290种群的抗性水平较高,抗性指数分别为16、21、27、30、12和15。通过分子手段检测,首次发现在千金子抗性种群LC-17-276中,乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACCase)的CT结构域中的色氨酸(Trp)-1999被丝氨酸(Ser)取代,而其他9个被检测的千金子抗性种群却并未发现ACCase的CT结构域位点发生变异。研究表明,华东部分稻区水稻田千金子对氰氟草酯产生了广泛的抗性,其中LC-17-276中ACCase基因的W1999S突变很可能是导致该抗性种群对氰氟草酯产生抗性的重要原因之一。
