Independent of the cause and location,inflammation-even when minimal-has clear effects on gastrointestinal morphology and function.These result in altered digestion,absorption and barrier function.There is evidence of...Independent of the cause and location,inflammation-even when minimal-has clear effects on gastrointestinal morphology and function.These result in altered digestion,absorption and barrier function.There is evidence of reduced villus height and crypt depth,increased permeability,as well as altered sugar and peptide absorption in the small intestine after induction of inflammation in experimental models,which is supported by some clinical data.Identification of inflammatory factors which may promote the process of gastrointestinal dysfunction as well as clinical research to verify experimental observations of inflammatory modulation of gastrointestinal function are required.Moreover,nutritional strategies to support functional restitution are needed.展开更多
Cystic fibrosis(CF)causes chronic infections in the respiratory tract and alters the digestive tract.This paper reviews the most important aspects of drug treatment and changes in the digestive tract of patients with ...Cystic fibrosis(CF)causes chronic infections in the respiratory tract and alters the digestive tract.This paper reviews the most important aspects of drug treatment and changes in the digestive tract of patients with CF.This is a review of the literature,emphasizing the discoveries made within the last 15 years by analyzing scientific papers published in journals indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online,Sciences Information,United States National Library of Medicine and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online databases,both in English and Portuguese,using the key words:cystic fibrosis,medication,therapeutic,absorption,digestion.Randomized,observational,experimental,and epidemiological clinical studies were selected,among others,with statistical significance of 5%.This review evaluates the changes found in the digestive tract of CF patients including pancreatic insufficiency,constipation and liver diseases.Changes in nutritional status are also described.Clinical treatment,nutritional supplementation and drug management were classified in this review as essential to the quality of life of CF patients,and became available through public policies for monitoring and treating CF.The information gathered on CF and a multi professional approach to the disease is essential in the treatment of these patients.展开更多
A method for determining calcium （Ca）, potassium （K）, magnesium （Mg） and iron （Fe） in four fish species was opti- mized and validated. It included microwave mineralization of the samples and subsequent quantif...A method for determining calcium （Ca）, potassium （K）, magnesium （Mg） and iron （Fe） in four fish species was opti- mized and validated. It included microwave mineralization of the samples and subsequent quantification by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy （FAAS） with Zeeman-effect background correction. Using HNO3 （65%） and H202 （33%） as extraction solutions, the optimal conditions of extraction were established as follows： 0.5 g of sample mass; microwave time program of 300 W/5 min and 600 W/5 min. The method was free of matrix interferences. The linear correlation coefficients were ≥0.9991, the recovery percentage of analytes was from 99.31% to 103.70% and the RSD （relative standard deviation） was lower than 2.06%. The detection limits obtained were 32.3, 43.2, 14.0 and 68.6ng mL^-1 for Ca, K, Mg and Fe in FAAS respectively. It is shown that the method is rapid, simple, sensitive and accurate. The method was applied to the studies of digestibility and measurement of these nutrients in samples of fish collected from Norway, Japan and China.展开更多
以玉米黄粉为原料,通过碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶复合酶解制备玉米蛋白高F值活性肽(High Fischer ratio peptide,HFRP),同时根据分子量、电荷性和疏水性差异将HFRP进行分离纯化,并对其吸收特性和耐胃肠消化特性进行探究。结果表明:通过复...以玉米黄粉为原料,通过碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶复合酶解制备玉米蛋白高F值活性肽(High Fischer ratio peptide,HFRP),同时根据分子量、电荷性和疏水性差异将HFRP进行分离纯化,并对其吸收特性和耐胃肠消化特性进行探究。结果表明:通过复合酶解法对玉米黄粉进行水解,得到HFRP(F值=26.29)。将HFRP分别按照分子量、电荷性和疏水性进行分离、收集,得到12种组分。通过构建Caco-2细胞体外吸收模型,研究不同分子特性组分的吸收状况,采用质谱扫描鉴定出质荷比(m/z)分别为203.1409、229.2980、226.9517、284.2966的高吸收短肽LA、IP、PL、HQ;通过研究不同分子特性组分的胃肠消化状况,采用质谱扫描鉴定出质荷比(m/z)分别为226.9517、284.2966的耐消化短肽PL和HQ。短肽PL和HQ分子量小,疏水性高,在溶液中带有正电荷,具有优先吸收和耐胃肠消化的特点。本研究为玉米蛋白高F值活性肽的开发提供了理论依据。展开更多
Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)has negative impacts on the postnatal survival,growth and development of humans and animals,with not only on newborns but also adulthood.However,the characteristics for ...Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)has negative impacts on the postnatal survival,growth and development of humans and animals,with not only on newborns but also adulthood.However,the characteristics for nutrient digestion and absorption in IUGR offspring are still largely unknown.Therefore,the normal birth weight(NBW)and IUGR growing pigs were used in this study to investigate their differences in nutrient utilization,with an expectition for further nutritional optimization of the IUGR offspring during their later life.Methods:Twelve IUGR and 12 NBW growing pigs were fitted with catheters in their portal vein to measure blood flow rate as well as nutrients and metabolites in plasma.The digestibilities of nutrients in different intestinal segments,and bacterial fermentation in the large intestine were examined to reveal the characteristics of nutrients utilization in IUGR versus NBW pigs.Results:The rate of portal venous blood flow did not differ beween IUGR and NBW pigs.Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol,triglycerides and glucose were much lower but those of urea were higher in the portal vein of IUGR pigs,compared with the NBW pigs.The ileal digestibility of dry matter,gross energy and starch were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs.IUGR increased hindgut microbial diversity and bacterial fermentation activity in the caecum.In vitro cross-fermentation of ileal digesta by caecal microbes of NBW and IUGR pigs showed that gas production was much higher for IUGR ileal digesta regardless of the source of caecal inocula.Conclusion:IUGR impairs the nutrient digestion and absorption in small intestine,reduces caecal microbial diversity and promotes bacterial fermentation in the large intestine during the growing phase.These findings aid in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in IUGR pigs and provide the basis for future nutritional interventions.展开更多
Teff (<i><span>Eragrostis </span></i><i><span>t</span></i><i><span>ef</span></i><span>) is used to supply staple food </span><span...Teff (<i><span>Eragrostis </span></i><i><span>t</span></i><i><span>ef</span></i><span>) is used to supply staple food </span><span>“</span><span>injera</span><span>”</span><span> for many Ethiopians. The present study was aimed toward determining the extent of selected metals that can exist in three types of teff cultivated in selected districts of southern Ethiopia. The </span><span>l</span><span>evel of those metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized wet digestion procedure was evaluated employing a spiking method and an acceptable percentage recovery of (91.1% </span><span>-</span><span> 108.9%) has been obtained for metals in the teff. Oven dried 1 g of teff samples w</span><span>ere</span><span> digested using 5 mL of HNO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">3</span></sub><span> and 1 mL of HClO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">4</span></sub><span> at 300</span><span>°C</span><span> for 3 hours. The result indicated that the mean concentration of metals (in mg/kg dry weight basis) in teff samples w</span><span>ere</span><span> fou</span><span>nd to be from 1206.9 to 1768.9 of Ca, 2463.9 to 2554.7 of Mg, 82.6 to 109.9 of Na, 2879 to 3075 of K, 207.4 to 239.5 of Fe, 55.9 to 100.4 of Mn, 27.1 to 87.1 of Zn, 5.4 to 45.5 of Cu and 0.118 to 0.130 of Pb respectively. However, Cd is below the method detection limit. A statistical analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the mineral content in three teff types and teff from the three districts. Red teff had higher essential metal contents except Cu followed by brown teff. Strong positive correlation was recognized between Mg with Ca and K, the rest have moderate or weak correlation. Further study has been done on the mineral contents of similar variety or three types of teff with the soil analysis from different locations.</span>展开更多
Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits...Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits. The results showed that sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of nutri- ents, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein was increased from 89.8% and 93.8% to 41.0% and 65.2%, respec- tively. Sustained-release hydrochloric acid was adverse to digestion and absorption of nutrients, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein were decreased from 55.5% and 84.9% to 28.4% and 68.7%, respectively. The promotion effects of sustained-release hydrochloride on diges- tion lasted for 3 -4 d. Therefore, sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of calcium and protein, while digestion and absorption of fat remained at a high level no matter what the condition was. Consequently, increasing the intake of fat would cause over nutrition. However, taking sustained-re- lease hydrochloric acid would reduce nutrient digestion and absorption.展开更多
Objective To determine the metal contents of date palm （Pheonix dactylifera） samples in dry season from Denizli-Turkey for investigation of heavy metal-polluted traffic. Method The levels of iron, copper, zinc, lead...Objective To determine the metal contents of date palm （Pheonix dactylifera） samples in dry season from Denizli-Turkey for investigation of heavy metal-polluted traffic. Method The levels of iron, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and manganese ions in the leaves of thirty five date palm （Pheonix dactylifera） samples collected from various levels of traffic in the streets of Denizli-Turkey were determined by graphite furnace or flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The wet, dry, and microwave digestion procedures for the date palm （Pheonix dactylifera） leaves were compared. The accuracy of the digestion procedures was checked using a standard reference material （IAEA-336 Lichen, SRM）. Results Microwave digestion procedure for the leaves was preferred because it was more proper with respect to both time and recovery than dry and wet digestion. The levels of the heavy metal ions investigated were the highest on the samples from high traffic level. Also correlations between metal levels and traffic volume for all the metals were investigated. Conclusion In the light of our findings, the date palm （Phoenix dactylifera） leaves are suitable as a biomonitor for atmospheric heavy metal-polluted traffic. Significant correlations can be obtained between traffic levels and heavy metal concentrations.展开更多
文摘Independent of the cause and location,inflammation-even when minimal-has clear effects on gastrointestinal morphology and function.These result in altered digestion,absorption and barrier function.There is evidence of reduced villus height and crypt depth,increased permeability,as well as altered sugar and peptide absorption in the small intestine after induction of inflammation in experimental models,which is supported by some clinical data.Identification of inflammatory factors which may promote the process of gastrointestinal dysfunction as well as clinical research to verify experimental observations of inflammatory modulation of gastrointestinal function are required.Moreover,nutritional strategies to support functional restitution are needed.
文摘Cystic fibrosis(CF)causes chronic infections in the respiratory tract and alters the digestive tract.This paper reviews the most important aspects of drug treatment and changes in the digestive tract of patients with CF.This is a review of the literature,emphasizing the discoveries made within the last 15 years by analyzing scientific papers published in journals indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online,Sciences Information,United States National Library of Medicine and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online databases,both in English and Portuguese,using the key words:cystic fibrosis,medication,therapeutic,absorption,digestion.Randomized,observational,experimental,and epidemiological clinical studies were selected,among others,with statistical significance of 5%.This review evaluates the changes found in the digestive tract of CF patients including pancreatic insufficiency,constipation and liver diseases.Changes in nutritional status are also described.Clinical treatment,nutritional supplementation and drug management were classified in this review as essential to the quality of life of CF patients,and became available through public policies for monitoring and treating CF.The information gathered on CF and a multi professional approach to the disease is essential in the treatment of these patients.
文摘A method for determining calcium （Ca）, potassium （K）, magnesium （Mg） and iron （Fe） in four fish species was opti- mized and validated. It included microwave mineralization of the samples and subsequent quantification by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy （FAAS） with Zeeman-effect background correction. Using HNO3 （65%） and H202 （33%） as extraction solutions, the optimal conditions of extraction were established as follows： 0.5 g of sample mass; microwave time program of 300 W/5 min and 600 W/5 min. The method was free of matrix interferences. The linear correlation coefficients were ≥0.9991, the recovery percentage of analytes was from 99.31% to 103.70% and the RSD （relative standard deviation） was lower than 2.06%. The detection limits obtained were 32.3, 43.2, 14.0 and 68.6ng mL^-1 for Ca, K, Mg and Fe in FAAS respectively. It is shown that the method is rapid, simple, sensitive and accurate. The method was applied to the studies of digestibility and measurement of these nutrients in samples of fish collected from Norway, Japan and China.
文摘以玉米黄粉为原料,通过碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶复合酶解制备玉米蛋白高F值活性肽(High Fischer ratio peptide,HFRP),同时根据分子量、电荷性和疏水性差异将HFRP进行分离纯化,并对其吸收特性和耐胃肠消化特性进行探究。结果表明:通过复合酶解法对玉米黄粉进行水解,得到HFRP(F值=26.29)。将HFRP分别按照分子量、电荷性和疏水性进行分离、收集,得到12种组分。通过构建Caco-2细胞体外吸收模型,研究不同分子特性组分的吸收状况,采用质谱扫描鉴定出质荷比(m/z)分别为203.1409、229.2980、226.9517、284.2966的高吸收短肽LA、IP、PL、HQ;通过研究不同分子特性组分的胃肠消化状况,采用质谱扫描鉴定出质荷比(m/z)分别为226.9517、284.2966的耐消化短肽PL和HQ。短肽PL和HQ分子量小,疏水性高,在溶液中带有正电荷,具有优先吸收和耐胃肠消化的特点。本研究为玉米蛋白高F值活性肽的开发提供了理论依据。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630074,31422052,31972596,31902189,31902170)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(S170001)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35),the 111 Project(B16044)the Jinxinnong Animal Science Developmental Foundation,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products(2018KLGM03)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018 M630235)。
文摘Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)has negative impacts on the postnatal survival,growth and development of humans and animals,with not only on newborns but also adulthood.However,the characteristics for nutrient digestion and absorption in IUGR offspring are still largely unknown.Therefore,the normal birth weight(NBW)and IUGR growing pigs were used in this study to investigate their differences in nutrient utilization,with an expectition for further nutritional optimization of the IUGR offspring during their later life.Methods:Twelve IUGR and 12 NBW growing pigs were fitted with catheters in their portal vein to measure blood flow rate as well as nutrients and metabolites in plasma.The digestibilities of nutrients in different intestinal segments,and bacterial fermentation in the large intestine were examined to reveal the characteristics of nutrients utilization in IUGR versus NBW pigs.Results:The rate of portal venous blood flow did not differ beween IUGR and NBW pigs.Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol,triglycerides and glucose were much lower but those of urea were higher in the portal vein of IUGR pigs,compared with the NBW pigs.The ileal digestibility of dry matter,gross energy and starch were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs.IUGR increased hindgut microbial diversity and bacterial fermentation activity in the caecum.In vitro cross-fermentation of ileal digesta by caecal microbes of NBW and IUGR pigs showed that gas production was much higher for IUGR ileal digesta regardless of the source of caecal inocula.Conclusion:IUGR impairs the nutrient digestion and absorption in small intestine,reduces caecal microbial diversity and promotes bacterial fermentation in the large intestine during the growing phase.These findings aid in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in IUGR pigs and provide the basis for future nutritional interventions.
文摘Teff (<i><span>Eragrostis </span></i><i><span>t</span></i><i><span>ef</span></i><span>) is used to supply staple food </span><span>“</span><span>injera</span><span>”</span><span> for many Ethiopians. The present study was aimed toward determining the extent of selected metals that can exist in three types of teff cultivated in selected districts of southern Ethiopia. The </span><span>l</span><span>evel of those metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized wet digestion procedure was evaluated employing a spiking method and an acceptable percentage recovery of (91.1% </span><span>-</span><span> 108.9%) has been obtained for metals in the teff. Oven dried 1 g of teff samples w</span><span>ere</span><span> digested using 5 mL of HNO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">3</span></sub><span> and 1 mL of HClO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">4</span></sub><span> at 300</span><span>°C</span><span> for 3 hours. The result indicated that the mean concentration of metals (in mg/kg dry weight basis) in teff samples w</span><span>ere</span><span> fou</span><span>nd to be from 1206.9 to 1768.9 of Ca, 2463.9 to 2554.7 of Mg, 82.6 to 109.9 of Na, 2879 to 3075 of K, 207.4 to 239.5 of Fe, 55.9 to 100.4 of Mn, 27.1 to 87.1 of Zn, 5.4 to 45.5 of Cu and 0.118 to 0.130 of Pb respectively. However, Cd is below the method detection limit. A statistical analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the mineral content in three teff types and teff from the three districts. Red teff had higher essential metal contents except Cu followed by brown teff. Strong positive correlation was recognized between Mg with Ca and K, the rest have moderate or weak correlation. Further study has been done on the mineral contents of similar variety or three types of teff with the soil analysis from different locations.</span>
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576055)
文摘Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits. The results showed that sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of nutri- ents, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein was increased from 89.8% and 93.8% to 41.0% and 65.2%, respec- tively. Sustained-release hydrochloric acid was adverse to digestion and absorption of nutrients, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein were decreased from 55.5% and 84.9% to 28.4% and 68.7%, respectively. The promotion effects of sustained-release hydrochloride on diges- tion lasted for 3 -4 d. Therefore, sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of calcium and protein, while digestion and absorption of fat remained at a high level no matter what the condition was. Consequently, increasing the intake of fat would cause over nutrition. However, taking sustained-re- lease hydrochloric acid would reduce nutrient digestion and absorption.
基金This work was financially supported by the Units of the Scientific Research Projects of Gaziosmanpasa University, Pamukkale University and Erciyes University.
文摘Objective To determine the metal contents of date palm （Pheonix dactylifera） samples in dry season from Denizli-Turkey for investigation of heavy metal-polluted traffic. Method The levels of iron, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and manganese ions in the leaves of thirty five date palm （Pheonix dactylifera） samples collected from various levels of traffic in the streets of Denizli-Turkey were determined by graphite furnace or flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The wet, dry, and microwave digestion procedures for the date palm （Pheonix dactylifera） leaves were compared. The accuracy of the digestion procedures was checked using a standard reference material （IAEA-336 Lichen, SRM）. Results Microwave digestion procedure for the leaves was preferred because it was more proper with respect to both time and recovery than dry and wet digestion. The levels of the heavy metal ions investigated were the highest on the samples from high traffic level. Also correlations between metal levels and traffic volume for all the metals were investigated. Conclusion In the light of our findings, the date palm （Phoenix dactylifera） leaves are suitable as a biomonitor for atmospheric heavy metal-polluted traffic. Significant correlations can be obtained between traffic levels and heavy metal concentrations.
