Objective： To explore the impact of meteorological factors on the outbreak of bacillary dysentery, so as to provide suggestions for disease prevention. Methods： Based on the Chinese medicine theory of Yunqi, the des...Objective： To explore the impact of meteorological factors on the outbreak of bacillary dysentery, so as to provide suggestions for disease prevention. Methods： Based on the Chinese medicine theory of Yunqi, the descriptive statistics, single-factor correlation analysis and back-propagation artificial neural net-work were conducted using data on five basic meteorological factors and data on incidence of bacillary dysentery in Beijing, China, for the period 1970-2004. Results： The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed significant positive correlation relationship with the precipitation, relative humidity, vapor pressure, and temperature, respectively. The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed a negatively correlated relationship with the wind speed and the change trend of average wind speed. The results of medical-meteorological forecast model showed a relatively high accuracy rate. Conclusions： There is a close relationship between the meteorological factors and the incidence of bacillary dysentery, but the contributions of which to the onset of bacillary dysentery are different to each other.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the correlations between the incidence of rubella and meteorological factors over the same period and previous periods including 1, 2, 3 and 4 year ago(defined according to Chinese medicine Yunqi...Objective: To analyze the correlations between the incidence of rubella and meteorological factors over the same period and previous periods including 1, 2, 3 and 4 year ago(defined according to Chinese medicine Yunqi theory of "pestilence occurring after 3 years") and establish the rubella-meteorological forecast models for Beijing area, China. Methods: Data regarding the incidence of rubella between 1990 and 2004 from Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the meteorological variables including daily average temperatures, daily average wind speeds, average precipitations, average relative humidity, average vapor pressures and average low cloud covers between 1986 and 2004 were collected from the Beijing Meteorological Observatory. Descriptive statistics and back-propagation artificial neural network for forecast model’s establishment were adopted for data analysis. Results: The average temperature and relative humidity have a great contribution(100%) to the rubella morbidity. But the combination of other meteorological factors contributed to improve the accuracy of rubella-meteorological forecast models. The forecast accuracy could be improved by 76% through utilizing a combination of meteorological variables spanning from 3 years ago to the present rather than utilizing data from a single year or dating back to more earlier time than 3 years. Conclusions: There is a close relationship between the incidence of rubella and meteorological variables in current year and previous 3 years. This finding suggests that rubella prediction would benefit from consideration to previous climate changes.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effects of Yunqi decoction (匀气汤, YQD) on both esophageal mucosal morphology and esophageal motility in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE). Methods: According to syndrome differentiation...Objective: To observe the effects of Yunqi decoction (匀气汤, YQD) on both esophageal mucosal morphology and esophageal motility in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE). Methods: According to syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 42 RE patients were divided into three groups fdisharmony of Liver and Stomach (group D), Deficiency-Cold of Spleen and Stomach (Group DC), Heat Syndrome caused by stagnation of Liver Qi (Group H). No. Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ of YQD were taken respectively for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment scores of typical symptoms were collected, gastroscopy was performed and esophagealmotility were measured. Results: (1 ) The symptom remission rate was 81. 1 %, there were significant differences between the group DC with group D and group H (P< 0. 01 ). (2) The esophageal mucosal healing ratewas 61. 9 %, the effective rate was 90. 5 %, and the ineffective rate was 9. 5 %. There were not significant differences of effective rate among the three groups (P > 0. 05). (3) The changes of esophageal motility: Loweresophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and average peristaltic pressure (APP) of group D were obviously higherthan before treatment (P < 0. 05), LESP, gastro--esophageal barrier pressure (GEBP) and peristaltic conductspeed (PCS) of group DC were remarkably higher (P < 0. 05). GEBP of group H was improved (P < 0. 05 ).Conclusions: YQD has a good therapeutic effect. It's not only resolving reflux esophageal symptoms, healingesophageal mucosa, but also improving esophageal motile function.展开更多
Chart Buddhism＇s ambivalent relationship with language and literature is perhaps most starkly seen in its practice of gongan meditation. This practice was first instituted by the famous Linji master Dahui and involve...Chart Buddhism＇s ambivalent relationship with language and literature is perhaps most starkly seen in its practice of gongan meditation. This practice was first instituted by the famous Linji master Dahui and involves an intense meditational focus on the ＂punch line＂ （huatou） of what is typically a story about an ancient Chan master or an enigmatic question like ＂why did [the legendary founder of Chan] Bodhidharrna come from the West？＂ In the Ming dynasty, a new gongan became widely used in Chart meditation： the phrase ＂who is reciting the name of the Buddha？＂ This was a reference to the widespread practice of chanting homage to the Buddha Amitgbha in hope of getting reborn into his paradise. In using this new gongan, Chan seemingly embraced oral practice in an unprecedented move and appeared to combine the other-power of Amitgbha worship with the self-power of Chan meditation. Scholars have struggled to understand this development, and several have dismissed it as an example of the degeneration of Chan and its later pandering to lay people. I argue that the development of this gongan can best be seen as an attempt to reframe the practice of Buddha-recitation in a Chan meditative framework; and further explore the rationale for the practice as given by the influential Buddhist thinker Yunqi Zhuhong, who was a staunch advocate of Buddha-recitation.展开更多
This essay examines the late Ming-dynasty Chan master Yunqi Zhuhong＇s commentary on the Brahma Net Sutra （Fanwangjing）, which it takes up in order to explore his discourse concerning both Chan realism and his ensui...This essay examines the late Ming-dynasty Chan master Yunqi Zhuhong＇s commentary on the Brahma Net Sutra （Fanwangjing）, which it takes up in order to explore his discourse concerning both Chan realism and his ensuing rejection of mainstream Chan gongan rhetoric. The Brahma Net Sutra contains a list of major and minor precepts governing proper morality for monastic and lay Buddhists. Zhuhong＇s interpretation of the Twenty-First Minor Precept, which prohibits revenge, offers insight into his sense of political realism regarding the relationship between gradual teachings, provisional truths, and ultimate truth. His interpretation of the Tenth Minor Precept, which prohibits storing weapons, demonstrates his moral realism in contrast to Chan＇s traditional use of pedagogical violence. Zhuhong＇s realist discourse, influenced by the teachings of the Buddhist Vinaya as well as by engagement with Confucian ethics, presents an overlooked counter-narrative shift that contrasts with the emphasis on sudden enlightenment and antinomianism in Chan gongan discourse typical of the Tang and Song dynasties.展开更多
Objective：To establish an early warning model to simulate the outbreak of influenza based on weather conditions and Yunqi theory,an ancient calendar theory of Chinese medicine（CM）.Methods：Tianjin, a northeastern c...Objective：To establish an early warning model to simulate the outbreak of influenza based on weather conditions and Yunqi theory,an ancient calendar theory of Chinese medicine（CM）.Methods：Tianjin, a northeastern city in China,was chosen as the region of research and applied the influenza-like illness attack rate（ILI）%as the baseline and warning line to determine the severity of influenza epidemic.Then,an influenza early warning model was constructed based on the theory of rough set and support vector machines（RS-SVM）, and the relationship between influenza and meteorology was explored through analyzing the monitoring data. Results：The predictive performance of the model was good,which had achieved 81.8%accuracy when grouping the obtained data into three levels that represent no danger,danger of a light epidemic,and danger of a severe epidemic.The test results showed that if the host qi and guest qi were not balanced,this kind of situation was more likely to cause influenza outbreaks.Conclusions：The outbreak of influenza closely relates to temperature, humidity,visibility,and wind speed and is consistent with some part of CM doctrine.The result also indicates that there is some reasonable evidence in the Yunqi theory.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuhe decoction on the behavior and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions in a depression rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CU...Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuhe decoction on the behavior and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions in a depression rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CUMS)combined with social isolation.Methods:Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group,model group,fluoxetine group,Chaiqinwendan decoction group,and Fuhe decoction group.Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with a social isolation method was used to replicate the depression rat model.After 42 days of administration,a tail suspension test and high-performance liquid electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD)were used to detect the behavioral changes and changes in the content of monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytrytamine(5-HT),and metabolites in different brain regions of rats in each group before and after treatment.Results:Compared with the model group,the epinephrine(E)content in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Compared with the model group,the 5-HT content of the prefrontal cortex in rats in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Furthermore,compared with the model group,the 5-HT content in the hippocampus of rats in the Fuhe decoction group was significantly increased(P<.05).Conclusion:Fuhe decoction can improve the depression-like behaviors of model rats,and its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase in 5-HT content in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of influenza based on the Yunqi theory in Beijing area,and to establish an effective forecast modelMethods:Monthly data on the incidence of in...Objective:To analyze the impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of influenza based on the Yunqi theory in Beijing area,and to establish an effective forecast modelMethods:Monthly data on the incidence of influenza from 1970 to 2004 and daily data on the meteorological factors (including daily averages of temperature,wind speed,relative humidity,vapor pressure,and daily total precipitation) from 1966 to 2004 were collected and processed under the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of six qi.A back-propagation artificial neural network was then performed to analyze the data.Results:The highest incidence of influenza occurs in the sixth qi (the period of December and January),which is characterized by dryness and coldness.Altogether six models were successfully established.Climatic data used were of the same year,one year prior,two years prior,and three years prior to the influenza data respectively.The last two models involve climatic data of the previous three years plus the current year and of the past four years plus the current year.Finally,we determined the fifth model has the highest forecast accuracy (49%).Conclusions:Meteorological factors can exert an influence on the incidence of influenza,which corresponds to TCM theory that 'the pestilence occurred three years after the abnormal climatic changes'.This study may generate interest among the public health community and other TCM theories can be applied so that public health measures can be taken to prevent and control influenza,particularly during the winter months.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81072896)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No. 2009JYZZ-JS001)
文摘Objective： To explore the impact of meteorological factors on the outbreak of bacillary dysentery, so as to provide suggestions for disease prevention. Methods： Based on the Chinese medicine theory of Yunqi, the descriptive statistics, single-factor correlation analysis and back-propagation artificial neural net-work were conducted using data on five basic meteorological factors and data on incidence of bacillary dysentery in Beijing, China, for the period 1970-2004. Results： The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed significant positive correlation relationship with the precipitation, relative humidity, vapor pressure, and temperature, respectively. The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed a negatively correlated relationship with the wind speed and the change trend of average wind speed. The results of medical-meteorological forecast model showed a relatively high accuracy rate. Conclusions： There is a close relationship between the meteorological factors and the incidence of bacillary dysentery, but the contributions of which to the onset of bacillary dysentery are different to each other.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81072896)Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81704198)
文摘Objective: To analyze the correlations between the incidence of rubella and meteorological factors over the same period and previous periods including 1, 2, 3 and 4 year ago(defined according to Chinese medicine Yunqi theory of "pestilence occurring after 3 years") and establish the rubella-meteorological forecast models for Beijing area, China. Methods: Data regarding the incidence of rubella between 1990 and 2004 from Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the meteorological variables including daily average temperatures, daily average wind speeds, average precipitations, average relative humidity, average vapor pressures and average low cloud covers between 1986 and 2004 were collected from the Beijing Meteorological Observatory. Descriptive statistics and back-propagation artificial neural network for forecast model’s establishment were adopted for data analysis. Results: The average temperature and relative humidity have a great contribution(100%) to the rubella morbidity. But the combination of other meteorological factors contributed to improve the accuracy of rubella-meteorological forecast models. The forecast accuracy could be improved by 76% through utilizing a combination of meteorological variables spanning from 3 years ago to the present rather than utilizing data from a single year or dating back to more earlier time than 3 years. Conclusions: There is a close relationship between the incidence of rubella and meteorological variables in current year and previous 3 years. This finding suggests that rubella prediction would benefit from consideration to previous climate changes.
文摘Objective: To observe the effects of Yunqi decoction (匀气汤, YQD) on both esophageal mucosal morphology and esophageal motility in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE). Methods: According to syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 42 RE patients were divided into three groups fdisharmony of Liver and Stomach (group D), Deficiency-Cold of Spleen and Stomach (Group DC), Heat Syndrome caused by stagnation of Liver Qi (Group H). No. Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ of YQD were taken respectively for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment scores of typical symptoms were collected, gastroscopy was performed and esophagealmotility were measured. Results: (1 ) The symptom remission rate was 81. 1 %, there were significant differences between the group DC with group D and group H (P< 0. 01 ). (2) The esophageal mucosal healing ratewas 61. 9 %, the effective rate was 90. 5 %, and the ineffective rate was 9. 5 %. There were not significant differences of effective rate among the three groups (P > 0. 05). (3) The changes of esophageal motility: Loweresophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and average peristaltic pressure (APP) of group D were obviously higherthan before treatment (P < 0. 05), LESP, gastro--esophageal barrier pressure (GEBP) and peristaltic conductspeed (PCS) of group DC were remarkably higher (P < 0. 05). GEBP of group H was improved (P < 0. 05 ).Conclusions: YQD has a good therapeutic effect. It's not only resolving reflux esophageal symptoms, healingesophageal mucosa, but also improving esophageal motile function.
文摘Chart Buddhism＇s ambivalent relationship with language and literature is perhaps most starkly seen in its practice of gongan meditation. This practice was first instituted by the famous Linji master Dahui and involves an intense meditational focus on the ＂punch line＂ （huatou） of what is typically a story about an ancient Chan master or an enigmatic question like ＂why did [the legendary founder of Chan] Bodhidharrna come from the West？＂ In the Ming dynasty, a new gongan became widely used in Chart meditation： the phrase ＂who is reciting the name of the Buddha？＂ This was a reference to the widespread practice of chanting homage to the Buddha Amitgbha in hope of getting reborn into his paradise. In using this new gongan, Chan seemingly embraced oral practice in an unprecedented move and appeared to combine the other-power of Amitgbha worship with the self-power of Chan meditation. Scholars have struggled to understand this development, and several have dismissed it as an example of the degeneration of Chan and its later pandering to lay people. I argue that the development of this gongan can best be seen as an attempt to reframe the practice of Buddha-recitation in a Chan meditative framework; and further explore the rationale for the practice as given by the influential Buddhist thinker Yunqi Zhuhong, who was a staunch advocate of Buddha-recitation.
文摘This essay examines the late Ming-dynasty Chan master Yunqi Zhuhong＇s commentary on the Brahma Net Sutra （Fanwangjing）, which it takes up in order to explore his discourse concerning both Chan realism and his ensuing rejection of mainstream Chan gongan rhetoric. The Brahma Net Sutra contains a list of major and minor precepts governing proper morality for monastic and lay Buddhists. Zhuhong＇s interpretation of the Twenty-First Minor Precept, which prohibits revenge, offers insight into his sense of political realism regarding the relationship between gradual teachings, provisional truths, and ultimate truth. His interpretation of the Tenth Minor Precept, which prohibits storing weapons, demonstrates his moral realism in contrast to Chan＇s traditional use of pedagogical violence. Zhuhong＇s realist discourse, influenced by the teachings of the Buddhist Vinaya as well as by engagement with Confucian ethics, presents an overlooked counter-narrative shift that contrasts with the emphasis on sudden enlightenment and antinomianism in Chan gongan discourse typical of the Tang and Song dynasties.
基金Supported by the Eurasia-Pacific Uninet Foundation and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China(No.20100470514)
文摘Objective：To establish an early warning model to simulate the outbreak of influenza based on weather conditions and Yunqi theory,an ancient calendar theory of Chinese medicine（CM）.Methods：Tianjin, a northeastern city in China,was chosen as the region of research and applied the influenza-like illness attack rate（ILI）%as the baseline and warning line to determine the severity of influenza epidemic.Then,an influenza early warning model was constructed based on the theory of rough set and support vector machines（RS-SVM）, and the relationship between influenza and meteorology was explored through analyzing the monitoring data. Results：The predictive performance of the model was good,which had achieved 81.8%accuracy when grouping the obtained data into three levels that represent no danger,danger of a light epidemic,and danger of a severe epidemic.The test results showed that if the host qi and guest qi were not balanced,this kind of situation was more likely to cause influenza outbreaks.Conclusions：The outbreak of influenza closely relates to temperature, humidity,visibility,and wind speed and is consistent with some part of CM doctrine.The result also indicates that there is some reasonable evidence in the Yunqi theory.
基金the Foundation of new teachers of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019-JYB-XJSJJ-001)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuhe decoction on the behavior and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in different brain regions in a depression rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CUMS)combined with social isolation.Methods:Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group,model group,fluoxetine group,Chaiqinwendan decoction group,and Fuhe decoction group.Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with a social isolation method was used to replicate the depression rat model.After 42 days of administration,a tail suspension test and high-performance liquid electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD)were used to detect the behavioral changes and changes in the content of monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytrytamine(5-HT),and metabolites in different brain regions of rats in each group before and after treatment.Results:Compared with the model group,the epinephrine(E)content in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Compared with the model group,the 5-HT content of the prefrontal cortex in rats in the Fuhe decoction group was highly significantly increased(P<.01).Furthermore,compared with the model group,the 5-HT content in the hippocampus of rats in the Fuhe decoction group was significantly increased(P<.05).Conclusion:Fuhe decoction can improve the depression-like behaviors of model rats,and its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase in 5-HT content in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats.
基金This work was granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81072896 and 81704198).
文摘Objective:To analyze the impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of influenza based on the Yunqi theory in Beijing area,and to establish an effective forecast modelMethods:Monthly data on the incidence of influenza from 1970 to 2004 and daily data on the meteorological factors (including daily averages of temperature,wind speed,relative humidity,vapor pressure,and daily total precipitation) from 1966 to 2004 were collected and processed under the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of six qi.A back-propagation artificial neural network was then performed to analyze the data.Results:The highest incidence of influenza occurs in the sixth qi (the period of December and January),which is characterized by dryness and coldness.Altogether six models were successfully established.Climatic data used were of the same year,one year prior,two years prior,and three years prior to the influenza data respectively.The last two models involve climatic data of the previous three years plus the current year and of the past four years plus the current year.Finally,we determined the fifth model has the highest forecast accuracy (49%).Conclusions:Meteorological factors can exert an influence on the incidence of influenza,which corresponds to TCM theory that 'the pestilence occurred three years after the abnormal climatic changes'.This study may generate interest among the public health community and other TCM theories can be applied so that public health measures can be taken to prevent and control influenza,particularly during the winter months.
