Increasing plant density is an effective way to enhance maize yield, but often increases lodging rate and severity, significantly elevating the risk and cost of maize production. Therefore, lodging is a major factor r...Increasing plant density is an effective way to enhance maize yield, but often increases lodging rate and severity, significantly elevating the risk and cost of maize production. Therefore, lodging is a major factor restricting future increases in maize yield through high-density planting. This paper reviewed previous research on the relationships between maize lodging rate and plant morphology, mechanical strength of stalks, anatomical and biochemical characteristics of stalks, root characteristics, damage from pests and diseases, environmental factors, and genomic characteristics. The effects of planting density on these factors and explored possible ways to improve lodging resistance were also analyzed in this paper. The results provide a basis for future research on increasing maize lodging resistance under high-density planting conditions and can be used to develop maize cultivation practices and lodging-resistant maize cultivars.展开更多
A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of subsoiling depth on root morphology, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake, and grain yield of spring maize. The results indicated ...A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of subsoiling depth on root morphology, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake, and grain yield of spring maize. The results indicated that subsoil tillage promoted root development,increased nutrient accumulation, and increased yield. Compared with conventional soil management(CK), root length, root surface area, and root dry weight at 0–80 cm soil depth under subsoil tillage to 30 cm(T1) and subsoil tillage to 50 cm(T2) were significantly increased, especially the proportions of roots in deeper soil. Root length, surface area, and dry weight differed significantly among three treatments in the order of T2 > T1 > CK at the12-leaf and early filling stages. The range of variation of root diameter in different soil layers in T2 treatment was the smallest, suggesting that roots were more likely to grow downwards with deeper subsoil tillage in soil. The accumulation of N, P, and K in subsoil tillage treatment was significantly increased, but the proportions of kernel and straw were different. In a comparison of T1 with T2, the grain accumulated more N and P, while K accumulation in kernel and straw varied in different years. Grain yield and biomass were increased by 12.8% and 14.6% on average in subsoil tillage treatments compared to conventional soil treatment. Although no significant differences between different subsoil tillage depths were observed for nutrient accumulation and grain yield, lodging resistance of plants was significantly improved in subsoil tillage to 50 cm, a characteristic that favors a high and stable yield under extreme environments.展开更多
玉米-大豆套作是西南地区玉米的主要种植模式之一,研究该模式下玉米适宜的氮肥运筹方式,对该区玉米生产具有重要指导意义。通过2年田间试验,研究了施90、180、270和360 kg N hm–2及底肥∶拔节肥∶穗肥=5∶0∶5、3∶2∶5、5∶2∶3对玉...玉米-大豆套作是西南地区玉米的主要种植模式之一,研究该模式下玉米适宜的氮肥运筹方式,对该区玉米生产具有重要指导意义。通过2年田间试验,研究了施90、180、270和360 kg N hm–2及底肥∶拔节肥∶穗肥=5∶0∶5、3∶2∶5、5∶2∶3对玉米–大豆套作模式下玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响。结果表明,在相同底追比条件下,玉米产量及干物质积累量随施氮量增加呈先增后减的变化趋势。施180 kg N hm–2可以显著促进玉米穗粒数、千粒重及有效穗数的增加,提高花前干物质转运量和花后干物质同化量,植株干物质积累量和最大增长速率亦达到最大;相同施氮量条件下,不同底追比对玉米产量及干物质积累的影响表现为:3∶2∶5>5∶0∶5>5∶2∶3。氮肥后移(3∶2∶5)可以促进花后干物质积累和向籽粒中转运,增大干物质最大增长速率,改善玉米穗部性状,与传统施肥方式(5∶0∶5)相比,氮肥后移处理2年平均产量提高了4.11%。施氮量及底追比对产量的交互影响显著,2010年以施270 kg N hm–2并按3∶2∶5底追比处理玉米产量最高,与相同底追比条件下施180 kg N hm–2处理差异不显著;2011年玉米产量以施180 kg N hm–2按3∶2∶5底追比处理显著高于其他处理,达到7803 kg hm–2。在本试验研究范围内,施180 kg N hm–2及底追比为3∶2∶5的处理是获得玉米–大豆套作模式下玉米高产的最佳氮肥运筹方式。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2015CB150401)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300101)the National Maize Industrial Technology System, China
文摘Increasing plant density is an effective way to enhance maize yield, but often increases lodging rate and severity, significantly elevating the risk and cost of maize production. Therefore, lodging is a major factor restricting future increases in maize yield through high-density planting. This paper reviewed previous research on the relationships between maize lodging rate and plant morphology, mechanical strength of stalks, anatomical and biochemical characteristics of stalks, root characteristics, damage from pests and diseases, environmental factors, and genomic characteristics. The effects of planting density on these factors and explored possible ways to improve lodging resistance were also analyzed in this paper. The results provide a basis for future research on increasing maize lodging resistance under high-density planting conditions and can be used to develop maize cultivation practices and lodging-resistant maize cultivars.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAD04B02,2013BAD07B02,and2011BAD16B10)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103003 and 201303126-4)the Key Technology R&D Program of Jilin province,China(20126026)
文摘A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of subsoiling depth on root morphology, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake, and grain yield of spring maize. The results indicated that subsoil tillage promoted root development,increased nutrient accumulation, and increased yield. Compared with conventional soil management(CK), root length, root surface area, and root dry weight at 0–80 cm soil depth under subsoil tillage to 30 cm(T1) and subsoil tillage to 50 cm(T2) were significantly increased, especially the proportions of roots in deeper soil. Root length, surface area, and dry weight differed significantly among three treatments in the order of T2 > T1 > CK at the12-leaf and early filling stages. The range of variation of root diameter in different soil layers in T2 treatment was the smallest, suggesting that roots were more likely to grow downwards with deeper subsoil tillage in soil. The accumulation of N, P, and K in subsoil tillage treatment was significantly increased, but the proportions of kernel and straw were different. In a comparison of T1 with T2, the grain accumulated more N and P, while K accumulation in kernel and straw varied in different years. Grain yield and biomass were increased by 12.8% and 14.6% on average in subsoil tillage treatments compared to conventional soil treatment. Although no significant differences between different subsoil tillage depths were observed for nutrient accumulation and grain yield, lodging resistance of plants was significantly improved in subsoil tillage to 50 cm, a characteristic that favors a high and stable yield under extreme environments.
文摘玉米-大豆套作是西南地区玉米的主要种植模式之一,研究该模式下玉米适宜的氮肥运筹方式,对该区玉米生产具有重要指导意义。通过2年田间试验,研究了施90、180、270和360 kg N hm–2及底肥∶拔节肥∶穗肥=5∶0∶5、3∶2∶5、5∶2∶3对玉米–大豆套作模式下玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响。结果表明,在相同底追比条件下,玉米产量及干物质积累量随施氮量增加呈先增后减的变化趋势。施180 kg N hm–2可以显著促进玉米穗粒数、千粒重及有效穗数的增加,提高花前干物质转运量和花后干物质同化量,植株干物质积累量和最大增长速率亦达到最大;相同施氮量条件下,不同底追比对玉米产量及干物质积累的影响表现为:3∶2∶5>5∶0∶5>5∶2∶3。氮肥后移(3∶2∶5)可以促进花后干物质积累和向籽粒中转运,增大干物质最大增长速率,改善玉米穗部性状,与传统施肥方式(5∶0∶5)相比,氮肥后移处理2年平均产量提高了4.11%。施氮量及底追比对产量的交互影响显著,2010年以施270 kg N hm–2并按3∶2∶5底追比处理玉米产量最高,与相同底追比条件下施180 kg N hm–2处理差异不显著;2011年玉米产量以施180 kg N hm–2按3∶2∶5底追比处理显著高于其他处理,达到7803 kg hm–2。在本试验研究范围内,施180 kg N hm–2及底追比为3∶2∶5的处理是获得玉米–大豆套作模式下玉米高产的最佳氮肥运筹方式。
