目的:研究东北红豆杉心材的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和制备型高效液相色谱等手段对化学成分进行分离和纯化,用现代核磁技术对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从东北红豆杉心材分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为taxin ine(1)...目的:研究东北红豆杉心材的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和制备型高效液相色谱等手段对化学成分进行分离和纯化,用现代核磁技术对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从东北红豆杉心材分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为taxin ine(1),taxusin(2),-βsitosterol(3),1-βhydroxybaccatin I(4),2,α5,α10β-triace-toxy-14β-(2-′m ethyl)butanoyloxy-4(20),11-taxad iene(5),2,α5,α10-βtriacetoxy-14-β(2-′m ethyl-3-′hydroxy-butanoy-loxy)-4(20),11-taxad iene(yunnanxane)(6),9,α10,β13α-triacetoxy-5-αc innamoyltaxa-4(20),11-d iene(7),2-deace-toxytaxin ine J(8),taxezop id ine G(9),2,α7,β9,α10,β13-αpentaacetoxyl-taxa-4(20),11-d ien-5-ol(5-dec innamoyltaxi-n ine J)(10)。结论:化合物4,6,10是首次从该植物中分离得到。展开更多
An investigation was conducted on distribution pattern, site condition and population structure of yew Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. in Muling Forest Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, China in April, 2005. Results sho...An investigation was conducted on distribution pattern, site condition and population structure of yew Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. in Muling Forest Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, China in April, 2005. Results showed that yew is mainly distributed under the main storey of natural mixed forest of conifer and broadleaf, the soil moisture content of the yew site is high （40%-60%）, the pH value of soil is relatively lower （4.7-5.5）, and that the population structure of wild yew is not rational, belonging to the degeneration population, which is one of the reasons leading to the population decline. Although the site conditions of Muling area are suitable for the growth of wild yew, the population of wild yew shows a decline tendency, due to the fact that the middle-sized adult yew trees have been cut, young yews are often grazed by wildlife, and that the trunks of adult yew tend to be hollow.展开更多
Wildfires in recent years have resulted in degradation and damage to the Hyrcanian forest ecosystems in Northern Iran.This study was carried out to investigate fire damage to trees and changes in regeneration in early...Wildfires in recent years have resulted in degradation and damage to the Hyrcanian forest ecosystems in Northern Iran.This study was carried out to investigate fire damage to trees and changes in regeneration in early-season growth after wildfires in the Golestan Province.For this purpose,a random sampling plan was used,with 60 circular plots（each plot is 1000 m2） for each stand and 240 circular（25 m2） plots for regeneration within the burned and unburned areas,respectively.In each plot,habitat factors were recorded,including crown canopy percentage,forest stratum,herb-layer cover percentage,species,diameter at breast height,tree and regeneration quality,and quantity of seedlings and saplings.Our results showed that bark is an important factor for fire resistance in Hyrcanian forests.The Persian ironwood and European yew has the highest and lowest fire resistance;as broad leave species are more resistant than needle leaf species.Density of regeneration in unburned area was higher than burned area,and statistical analysis showed significant differences for all species between two areas.Fire effects on sapling were different among species which indicates sapling has different resistance to fire.Forest floor fuel,season,stand composition and microclimate have more effects on fire severity while environmental factors,regeneration and management practices shaping future composition stands.展开更多
The Himalayan Yew (Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana) is an endangered native high value medicinal plant of the Himalayan Region. The several medicinal properties of the bark and leaves of this species have increased i...The Himalayan Yew (Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana) is an endangered native high value medicinal plant of the Himalayan Region. The several medicinal properties of the bark and leaves of this species have increased its risk of extinction due to pressures for utilization. It is also subjected to harvest for fuelwood. The species does not regenerate well from seed and that is another risk factor. The objective of this research was to investigate the population ecology of the species as a foundation for its conservation. Six forest communities in the Khokhan Wildlife Sanctuary where the species is present were sampled. The abundance of the species, impacts of harvesting and its current regeneration patterns indicate that it may soon be extirpated from the Sanctuary. A plan for conserving the remaining sub-populations is presented. It could provide a template for conservation in other locations where the species is at risk.展开更多
The extracts of yew tree have showed unique anti-tumor and anti-leakematic activities. Taxol extracted from it is effective against a variety of cancers, such as ovarian cancer and breast cancer. However the hypoglyce...The extracts of yew tree have showed unique anti-tumor and anti-leakematic activities. Taxol extracted from it is effective against a variety of cancers, such as ovarian cancer and breast cancer. However the hypoglycemic efficacy of the extract has not been reported yet, so the effects of oral administration of yew tree extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were examined. Administration of shah tang ping （STP）, a fraction from the column separation of extract （450 mg/kg body weight）, for 14 days reduced the serum glucose concentrations of fasted diabetic rats by 52.4%. In addition, it also decreased the concentrations of triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. An oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed, a significant improvement in glucose tolerance was observed in rats treated with STP. These results suggest that STP has hypoglycemic properties and hypolipidemic action on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.展开更多
Paclitaxel in southern yew tree was quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ODS-C18 column. A mixture of CH3OH-H2O-CH3COOH(volume ratio: 55 :44 :1) is used as mobile phase and U...Paclitaxel in southern yew tree was quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ODS-C18 column. A mixture of CH3OH-H2O-CH3COOH(volume ratio: 55 :44 :1) is used as mobile phase and UV detection is carried out at 227 nm, and the column temperature is 20℃. The results show that there is a good linear felationship between the area of paclitaxel and the concentration of the sample in the range 50-500 mg/L for paclitaxel. The corresponding regression equation is Y= 13 021. 7 + 1. 01 × 106X, r=0. 9990. The average recovery is 95. 3% and the relative standard deviation is 2. 08%.展开更多
The Chinese yew Taxus chinensis is catalogued as an endangered species in China because of the small size andsenescent status of most populations. Its lack of natural regeneration is the most important reason for its ...The Chinese yew Taxus chinensis is catalogued as an endangered species in China because of the small size andsenescent status of most populations. Its lack of natural regeneration is the most important reason for its endangeredstatus. We investigated the regeneration of an ex-situ conservation population, which was introduced intothe Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen in the 1950s, and evaluated the role of frugivorous birds on theestablishment of this regenerating population. Two hundred and thirteen individual yew seedlings and saplingswere found on the hillside in 2006, and the nearest seedling was found more than 10 m away from mother trees. Thespatial pattern of all seedlings and saplings occurred as a clumped distribution, which is typical for vertebratedispersedplants. Six bird species were seen ingesting whole “fruits” at yew trees in the present study and 745 visitsby avian frugivores were recorded. Red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha), Chinese bulbul (Pycnonotussinensis) and azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana) were the most frequent visitors over the two years of thestudy. Comparing the flights of departure and perching habitats of the three main bird species, we inferred that U.erythrorhyncha would be the most important disperser. This regeneration population has had good developmentover the past 20 or more years;frugivorous birds have removed seeds to the hillside every year until now, and seedgermination and seedling growth continue to develop well under natural conditions. We suggest that the conservationsystem of the Chinese yew should be composed of yews, avian dispersers and habitats for seed germinationand seedling growth.展开更多
文摘目的:研究东北红豆杉心材的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和制备型高效液相色谱等手段对化学成分进行分离和纯化,用现代核磁技术对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从东北红豆杉心材分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为taxin ine(1),taxusin(2),-βsitosterol(3),1-βhydroxybaccatin I(4),2,α5,α10β-triace-toxy-14β-(2-′m ethyl)butanoyloxy-4(20),11-taxad iene(5),2,α5,α10-βtriacetoxy-14-β(2-′m ethyl-3-′hydroxy-butanoy-loxy)-4(20),11-taxad iene(yunnanxane)(6),9,α10,β13α-triacetoxy-5-αc innamoyltaxa-4(20),11-d iene(7),2-deace-toxytaxin ine J(8),taxezop id ine G(9),2,α7,β9,α10,β13-αpentaacetoxyl-taxa-4(20),11-d ien-5-ol(5-dec innamoyltaxi-n ine J)(10)。结论:化合物4,6,10是首次从该植物中分离得到。
文摘An investigation was conducted on distribution pattern, site condition and population structure of yew Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. in Muling Forest Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, China in April, 2005. Results showed that yew is mainly distributed under the main storey of natural mixed forest of conifer and broadleaf, the soil moisture content of the yew site is high （40%-60%）, the pH value of soil is relatively lower （4.7-5.5）, and that the population structure of wild yew is not rational, belonging to the degeneration population, which is one of the reasons leading to the population decline. Although the site conditions of Muling area are suitable for the growth of wild yew, the population of wild yew shows a decline tendency, due to the fact that the middle-sized adult yew trees have been cut, young yews are often grazed by wildlife, and that the trunks of adult yew tend to be hollow.
文摘Wildfires in recent years have resulted in degradation and damage to the Hyrcanian forest ecosystems in Northern Iran.This study was carried out to investigate fire damage to trees and changes in regeneration in early-season growth after wildfires in the Golestan Province.For this purpose,a random sampling plan was used,with 60 circular plots（each plot is 1000 m2） for each stand and 240 circular（25 m2） plots for regeneration within the burned and unburned areas,respectively.In each plot,habitat factors were recorded,including crown canopy percentage,forest stratum,herb-layer cover percentage,species,diameter at breast height,tree and regeneration quality,and quantity of seedlings and saplings.Our results showed that bark is an important factor for fire resistance in Hyrcanian forests.The Persian ironwood and European yew has the highest and lowest fire resistance;as broad leave species are more resistant than needle leaf species.Density of regeneration in unburned area was higher than burned area,and statistical analysis showed significant differences for all species between two areas.Fire effects on sapling were different among species which indicates sapling has different resistance to fire.Forest floor fuel,season,stand composition and microclimate have more effects on fire severity while environmental factors,regeneration and management practices shaping future composition stands.
文摘The Himalayan Yew (Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana) is an endangered native high value medicinal plant of the Himalayan Region. The several medicinal properties of the bark and leaves of this species have increased its risk of extinction due to pressures for utilization. It is also subjected to harvest for fuelwood. The species does not regenerate well from seed and that is another risk factor. The objective of this research was to investigate the population ecology of the species as a foundation for its conservation. Six forest communities in the Khokhan Wildlife Sanctuary where the species is present were sampled. The abundance of the species, impacts of harvesting and its current regeneration patterns indicate that it may soon be extirpated from the Sanctuary. A plan for conserving the remaining sub-populations is presented. It could provide a template for conservation in other locations where the species is at risk.
文摘The extracts of yew tree have showed unique anti-tumor and anti-leakematic activities. Taxol extracted from it is effective against a variety of cancers, such as ovarian cancer and breast cancer. However the hypoglycemic efficacy of the extract has not been reported yet, so the effects of oral administration of yew tree extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were examined. Administration of shah tang ping （STP）, a fraction from the column separation of extract （450 mg/kg body weight）, for 14 days reduced the serum glucose concentrations of fasted diabetic rats by 52.4%. In addition, it also decreased the concentrations of triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. An oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed, a significant improvement in glucose tolerance was observed in rats treated with STP. These results suggest that STP has hypoglycemic properties and hypolipidemic action on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
基金Project (00KNY1010 ) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology Office of Hunan Province
文摘Paclitaxel in southern yew tree was quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ODS-C18 column. A mixture of CH3OH-H2O-CH3COOH(volume ratio: 55 :44 :1) is used as mobile phase and UV detection is carried out at 227 nm, and the column temperature is 20℃. The results show that there is a good linear felationship between the area of paclitaxel and the concentration of the sample in the range 50-500 mg/L for paclitaxel. The corresponding regression equation is Y= 13 021. 7 + 1. 01 × 106X, r=0. 9990. The average recovery is 95. 3% and the relative standard deviation is 2. 08%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30170165).
文摘The Chinese yew Taxus chinensis is catalogued as an endangered species in China because of the small size andsenescent status of most populations. Its lack of natural regeneration is the most important reason for its endangeredstatus. We investigated the regeneration of an ex-situ conservation population, which was introduced intothe Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen in the 1950s, and evaluated the role of frugivorous birds on theestablishment of this regenerating population. Two hundred and thirteen individual yew seedlings and saplingswere found on the hillside in 2006, and the nearest seedling was found more than 10 m away from mother trees. Thespatial pattern of all seedlings and saplings occurred as a clumped distribution, which is typical for vertebratedispersedplants. Six bird species were seen ingesting whole “fruits” at yew trees in the present study and 745 visitsby avian frugivores were recorded. Red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha), Chinese bulbul (Pycnonotussinensis) and azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana) were the most frequent visitors over the two years of thestudy. Comparing the flights of departure and perching habitats of the three main bird species, we inferred that U.erythrorhyncha would be the most important disperser. This regeneration population has had good developmentover the past 20 or more years;frugivorous birds have removed seeds to the hillside every year until now, and seedgermination and seedling growth continue to develop well under natural conditions. We suggest that the conservationsystem of the Chinese yew should be composed of yews, avian dispersers and habitats for seed germinationand seedling growth.
