ZIRLO alloy specimens were implanted with carbon ions with fluence range from 1×10 16 to 1×10 18ions·cm -2, using a MEVVA source at an extraction voltage of 40 kV at maximum temperature of 380 ℃. The s...ZIRLO alloy specimens were implanted with carbon ions with fluence range from 1×10 16 to 1×10 18ions·cm -2, using a MEVVA source at an extraction voltage of 40 kV at maximum temperature of 380 ℃. The surfaces of the implanted samples were then analyzed and the TRIM 96 computer code was used to simulate the depth distribution of carbon. The valences of elements in the implanted surface of ZIRLO alloy were analyzed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS); and then the depth distributions of the elements on the surface of the samples were obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the micro-morphology of implanted samples. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) at 0.30 incident angles was employed to examine the phase transformations of implanted samples. It shows that the as-received ZIRLO alloy is mainly composed of hexagonal alpha zirconium, as for implanted samples, there appeared hexagonal zirconia (H-ZrO_ 0.35) and sigma zirconium carbide (δ-Zr_3C_2), and the δ-Zr_3C_2 increased when increasing the fluence. When the fluence reached 1×10 18 ions·cm -2, the concentration of δ-Zr_3C_2 is the maximum in all the samples. The micro-morphology of implanted samples are similar, there are many pits with diameters ranging from 1 to 3 μm on the implanted surfaces.展开更多
In order to study the effect of copper ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of ZIRLO alloy, specimens were implanted with copper ions with fluences ranging from 1×10^16 to 1×10^ ions/cm^2, usin...In order to study the effect of copper ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of ZIRLO alloy, specimens were implanted with copper ions with fluences ranging from 1×10^16 to 1×10^ ions/cm^2, using a metal vapor vacuum arc source （MEVVA） at an extraction voltage of 40 kV, The valence states and depth distributions of elements in the surface layer of the samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and Auger electron spectroscopy （AES）, respectively. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction （GAXRD） was employed to examine the phase transformation due to the copper ion implantation. The potcntiodynamic polarization technique was used to evaluate the aqueous corrosion resistance of implanted ZIRLO alloy in a 1 mol/L H2SO4 solution. It was found that a significant improvement was achieved in the aqueous corrosion resistance of ZIRLO alloy implanted with copper ions when the fluence is 5×10^16 ions/cm^2. When the fluence is 1×10^16 or 1×10^17 ions/cm^2, the corrosion resistance of implanted sanaples was bad. Finally, the mechanism of the corrosion behavior of copper-implanted ZIRLO alloy was discussed.展开更多
To simulate irradiation damage, argon ion was implanted in the Zircaloy-4 with the fluence ranging from 1 × 10^16 to 1 × 10^17 cm^-2, using accelerating implanter at an extraction voltage of 190 kV and liqui...To simulate irradiation damage, argon ion was implanted in the Zircaloy-4 with the fluence ranging from 1 × 10^16 to 1 × 10^17 cm^-2, using accelerating implanter at an extraction voltage of 190 kV and liquid nitrogen temperature. Then the influence of argon ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of Zircaloy-4 was studied. The valence states of elements in the surface layer of the samples were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to examine the microstructure of the argon-implanted samples. The potentiodynamic polarization technique was employed to evaluate the aqueous corrosion resistance of implanted Zircaloy-4 in 1 mol/L HzSO4 solution. It is found that there appear bubbles on the surface of the samples when the argon fluence is 1 × 10^16 cm^-2. The microstructure of argon-implanted samples changes from amorphous to partial amorphous, then to polycrystalline, and again to amorphous. The corrosion resistance of implanted samples linearly declines with the increase of fluence approximately, which is attributed to the linear increase of the irradiation damage.展开更多
文摘ZIRLO alloy specimens were implanted with carbon ions with fluence range from 1×10 16 to 1×10 18ions·cm -2, using a MEVVA source at an extraction voltage of 40 kV at maximum temperature of 380 ℃. The surfaces of the implanted samples were then analyzed and the TRIM 96 computer code was used to simulate the depth distribution of carbon. The valences of elements in the implanted surface of ZIRLO alloy were analyzed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS); and then the depth distributions of the elements on the surface of the samples were obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the micro-morphology of implanted samples. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) at 0.30 incident angles was employed to examine the phase transformations of implanted samples. It shows that the as-received ZIRLO alloy is mainly composed of hexagonal alpha zirconium, as for implanted samples, there appeared hexagonal zirconia (H-ZrO_ 0.35) and sigma zirconium carbide (δ-Zr_3C_2), and the δ-Zr_3C_2 increased when increasing the fluence. When the fluence reached 1×10 18 ions·cm -2, the concentration of δ-Zr_3C_2 is the maximum in all the samples. The micro-morphology of implanted samples are similar, there are many pits with diameters ranging from 1 to 3 μm on the implanted surfaces.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50501011), the Ministry of Science andTechnology of China for Research Founding (MSTC No.G 2000067207-1), and the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China (37thbatch, No.2005037079).
文摘In order to study the effect of copper ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of ZIRLO alloy, specimens were implanted with copper ions with fluences ranging from 1×10^16 to 1×10^ ions/cm^2, using a metal vapor vacuum arc source （MEVVA） at an extraction voltage of 40 kV, The valence states and depth distributions of elements in the surface layer of the samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and Auger electron spectroscopy （AES）, respectively. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction （GAXRD） was employed to examine the phase transformation due to the copper ion implantation. The potcntiodynamic polarization technique was used to evaluate the aqueous corrosion resistance of implanted ZIRLO alloy in a 1 mol/L H2SO4 solution. It was found that a significant improvement was achieved in the aqueous corrosion resistance of ZIRLO alloy implanted with copper ions when the fluence is 5×10^16 ions/cm^2. When the fluence is 1×10^16 or 1×10^17 ions/cm^2, the corrosion resistance of implanted sanaples was bad. Finally, the mechanism of the corrosion behavior of copper-implanted ZIRLO alloy was discussed.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.50501011)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(No.2005037079)
文摘To simulate irradiation damage, argon ion was implanted in the Zircaloy-4 with the fluence ranging from 1 × 10^16 to 1 × 10^17 cm^-2, using accelerating implanter at an extraction voltage of 190 kV and liquid nitrogen temperature. Then the influence of argon ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of Zircaloy-4 was studied. The valence states of elements in the surface layer of the samples were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to examine the microstructure of the argon-implanted samples. The potentiodynamic polarization technique was employed to evaluate the aqueous corrosion resistance of implanted Zircaloy-4 in 1 mol/L HzSO4 solution. It is found that there appear bubbles on the surface of the samples when the argon fluence is 1 × 10^16 cm^-2. The microstructure of argon-implanted samples changes from amorphous to partial amorphous, then to polycrystalline, and again to amorphous. The corrosion resistance of implanted samples linearly declines with the increase of fluence approximately, which is attributed to the linear increase of the irradiation damage.
