规划支持系统(PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM,简称PSS)是一个完整的信息系统应用框架,融合了一系列基于计算机技术的信息分析方法和模型,它面向规划师,并辅助其完成特定的规划任务. 详细阐述了规划支持系统的含义、具体的规划支持软件工具“W...规划支持系统(PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM,简称PSS)是一个完整的信息系统应用框架,融合了一系列基于计算机技术的信息分析方法和模型,它面向规划师,并辅助其完成特定的规划任务. 详细阐述了规划支持系统的含义、具体的规划支持软件工具“WHAT IF?”的概念模型,并结合实例探讨了在实践中的应用,以期对我国的城市规划理论和实践有所启迪.展开更多
The Epanggong Palace site of Qin period lies to the south of the Weihe River and to the west of the old Zaohe River course that extends 13 km west of Xi'an City. It stands opposite to the Qin capital Xianyang acro...The Epanggong Palace site of Qin period lies to the south of the Weihe River and to the west of the old Zaohe River course that extends 13 km west of Xi'an City. It stands opposite to the Qin capital Xianyang across the river. From October 2002 to December 2004, the Epanggong Palace Archaeological Team made a prospection on the anterior hall site,covering :350, 000 sq m, and revealed an area of 3, 000 sq m by trial and extensive excavations. The results include a rough understanding of the limits of the hall and the layout of its auxiliary buildings. It can be confirmed that the rammed earth foundations of the hall represents just the anterior hall of that of the Qin Epanggong Palace. What merits special notice is that there are no fire traces on the site of the anterior hall of the Qin Epanggong Palace, which forms a clear contrast to the archaeologically excavated Nos. 1-3 palaces in the Qin capital Xianyang that were destroyed by a great fire. Thus the excavations prove that the historically handed-down belief taking the Qin Epanggong Palace to have been fired by Xiang Yu is actually incorrect. There are no any building remains on the excavated hall foundations, which demonstrate that the anterior hall was not completed and that the Qin Epanggong Palace was destroyed not by fire。展开更多
本文从认知语用角度,考察具体说话语境对"What’s X doing Y?"构式转喻思维的影响和制约作用。第一,探讨该构式规约地存在转喻思维的语境条件,指出该构式在不知而问的语境下不存在转喻;只有在明知故问,话语目的不是询问信息...本文从认知语用角度,考察具体说话语境对"What’s X doing Y?"构式转喻思维的影响和制约作用。第一,探讨该构式规约地存在转喻思维的语境条件,指出该构式在不知而问的语境下不存在转喻;只有在明知故问,话语目的不是询问信息的语境下才存在转喻。第二,探讨该构式转喻思维两域操作和多域操作的语境条件,指出即使说话人用该构式来转喻性地表示不满或担忧,但若只是出于担心或惊讶而发出的自言自语,该构式的转喻操作仅为两域操作,只有在间接请求身边的人去阻止构式所涉及的行为的条件下,该构式才为多域操作。第三,探讨"doing"在不同语境中的功能变化。第四,考察具体说话语境与规约性语境的区别。展开更多
Cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most important biochemical processes in plant biology. Despite the considerable progress made during the last decade, numerous fundamental questions related to this key process in ...Cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most important biochemical processes in plant biology. Despite the considerable progress made during the last decade, numerous fundamental questions related to this key process in plant development are outstanding. Numerous models have been proposed through the years to explain the detailed molecular events of cellulose biosynthesis. Almost all models integrate solid experimental data with hypotheses on several of the steps involved in the process. Speculative models are most useful to stimulate further research investigations and bring new exciting ideas to the field. However, it is important to keep their hypothetical nature in mind and be aware of the risk that some undemonstrated hypotheses may progressively become admitted. In this review, we discuss the different steps required for cellulose formation and crystallization, and highlight the most important specific aspects that are supported by solid experimental data.展开更多
"What are you doing ?"一句看似稀松平常的简单问话却神奇地成为了当下最火爆的热门站点——Twitter.com得以响彻互联网的一句直指人心的口号。作为迅速蹿红的社会化媒体平台之一,"起床、早餐、邮件、Twitter"已..."What are you doing ?"一句看似稀松平常的简单问话却神奇地成为了当下最火爆的热门站点——Twitter.com得以响彻互联网的一句直指人心的口号。作为迅速蹿红的社会化媒体平台之一,"起床、早餐、邮件、Twitter"已经成为不少现代人的生活写真,人们在不断地回答"你在做什么?"这个问题,每时每刻、每分每秒,乐此不疲。展开更多
引言美国哲学家、逻辑学家、数学家、科学家和现代符号学的创始人查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士(Charles Sanders Peirce)于1894年撰写并发表了一篇题为《什么是符号》("What Is a Sign"(1))的论文,提出了他的标指符号(inde...引言美国哲学家、逻辑学家、数学家、科学家和现代符号学的创始人查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士(Charles Sanders Peirce)于1894年撰写并发表了一篇题为《什么是符号》("What Is a Sign"(1))的论文,提出了他的标指符号(indexical sign)、图像符号(iconicsign)和记号符号(symbolic sign)三分法概念。展开更多
The year 2020 was welcomed and characterized with a report of pneumonia of unknown etiology,which occurred primarily in Wuhan City of Hubei Province of China.Between 31 December 2019 and 3 January 2020,a total of 44 c...The year 2020 was welcomed and characterized with a report of pneumonia of unknown etiology,which occurred primarily in Wuhan City of Hubei Province of China.Between 31 December 2019 and 3 January 2020,a total of 44 cases in human was reported to the World Health Organization(WHO)by the Chinese Health Authorities[1].By 3 February 2020,a total of 17391 cases have been confirmed globally with 2838 new cases(China:17238;2831 new cases and 361 deaths;Outside China:153 with 7 new cases and 1 death from 23 countries)[1].展开更多
文摘规划支持系统(PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM,简称PSS)是一个完整的信息系统应用框架,融合了一系列基于计算机技术的信息分析方法和模型,它面向规划师,并辅助其完成特定的规划任务. 详细阐述了规划支持系统的含义、具体的规划支持软件工具“WHAT IF?”的概念模型,并结合实例探讨了在实践中的应用,以期对我国的城市规划理论和实践有所启迪.
文摘The Epanggong Palace site of Qin period lies to the south of the Weihe River and to the west of the old Zaohe River course that extends 13 km west of Xi'an City. It stands opposite to the Qin capital Xianyang across the river. From October 2002 to December 2004, the Epanggong Palace Archaeological Team made a prospection on the anterior hall site,covering :350, 000 sq m, and revealed an area of 3, 000 sq m by trial and extensive excavations. The results include a rough understanding of the limits of the hall and the layout of its auxiliary buildings. It can be confirmed that the rammed earth foundations of the hall represents just the anterior hall of that of the Qin Epanggong Palace. What merits special notice is that there are no fire traces on the site of the anterior hall of the Qin Epanggong Palace, which forms a clear contrast to the archaeologically excavated Nos. 1-3 palaces in the Qin capital Xianyang that were destroyed by a great fire. Thus the excavations prove that the historically handed-down belief taking the Qin Epanggong Palace to have been fired by Xiang Yu is actually incorrect. There are no any building remains on the excavated hall foundations, which demonstrate that the anterior hall was not completed and that the Qin Epanggong Palace was destroyed not by fire。
文摘本文从认知语用角度,考察具体说话语境对"What’s X doing Y?"构式转喻思维的影响和制约作用。第一,探讨该构式规约地存在转喻思维的语境条件,指出该构式在不知而问的语境下不存在转喻;只有在明知故问,话语目的不是询问信息的语境下才存在转喻。第二,探讨该构式转喻思维两域操作和多域操作的语境条件,指出即使说话人用该构式来转喻性地表示不满或担忧,但若只是出于担心或惊讶而发出的自言自语,该构式的转喻操作仅为两域操作,只有在间接请求身边的人去阻止构式所涉及的行为的条件下,该构式才为多域操作。第三,探讨"doing"在不同语境中的功能变化。第四,考察具体说话语境与规约性语境的区别。
基金supported by the Swedish Centre for Biomimetic Fibre Engineering (Biomime) and the European Commission(RENEWALL, Grant Agreement # KBBE/211982)
文摘Cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most important biochemical processes in plant biology. Despite the considerable progress made during the last decade, numerous fundamental questions related to this key process in plant development are outstanding. Numerous models have been proposed through the years to explain the detailed molecular events of cellulose biosynthesis. Almost all models integrate solid experimental data with hypotheses on several of the steps involved in the process. Speculative models are most useful to stimulate further research investigations and bring new exciting ideas to the field. However, it is important to keep their hypothetical nature in mind and be aware of the risk that some undemonstrated hypotheses may progressively become admitted. In this review, we discuss the different steps required for cellulose formation and crystallization, and highlight the most important specific aspects that are supported by solid experimental data.
文摘"What are you doing ?"一句看似稀松平常的简单问话却神奇地成为了当下最火爆的热门站点——Twitter.com得以响彻互联网的一句直指人心的口号。作为迅速蹿红的社会化媒体平台之一,"起床、早餐、邮件、Twitter"已经成为不少现代人的生活写真,人们在不断地回答"你在做什么?"这个问题,每时每刻、每分每秒,乐此不疲。
文摘引言美国哲学家、逻辑学家、数学家、科学家和现代符号学的创始人查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士(Charles Sanders Peirce)于1894年撰写并发表了一篇题为《什么是符号》("What Is a Sign"(1))的论文,提出了他的标指符号(indexical sign)、图像符号(iconicsign)和记号符号(symbolic sign)三分法概念。
文摘The year 2020 was welcomed and characterized with a report of pneumonia of unknown etiology,which occurred primarily in Wuhan City of Hubei Province of China.Between 31 December 2019 and 3 January 2020,a total of 44 cases in human was reported to the World Health Organization(WHO)by the Chinese Health Authorities[1].By 3 February 2020,a total of 17391 cases have been confirmed globally with 2838 new cases(China:17238;2831 new cases and 361 deaths;Outside China:153 with 7 new cases and 1 death from 23 countries)[1].
