This paper describes a dynamical downscaling simulation over China using the nested model system,which consists of the modified Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)nested with the NCAR Community Atmosphere Mode...This paper describes a dynamical downscaling simulation over China using the nested model system,which consists of the modified Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)nested with the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model(CAM).Results show that dynamical downscaling is of great value in improving the model simulation of regional climatic characteristics.WRF simulates regional detailed temperature features better than CAM.With the spatial correlation coefficient between the observation and the simulation increasing from 0.54 for CAM to 0.79 for WRF,the improvement in precipitation simulation is more perceptible with WRF.Furthermore,the WRF simulation corrects the spatial bias of the precipitation in the CAM simulation.展开更多
用近年开发的新一代中尺度预报模式WRF(Weather Research Forecast)和已被广泛应用的MM5模式分别模拟研究了2002年8月3~4日发生在辽宁的一次区域性暴雨过程。模拟结果显示WRF模式能够比较成功地反映出导致暴雨发生的高低空环流背景...用近年开发的新一代中尺度预报模式WRF(Weather Research Forecast)和已被广泛应用的MM5模式分别模拟研究了2002年8月3~4日发生在辽宁的一次区域性暴雨过程。模拟结果显示WRF模式能够比较成功地反映出导致暴雨发生的高低空环流背景和暴雨的分布状况;WRF和MM5模拟结果的对比分析表明:由于WRF的动力框架具有一定的优越性使得模式结果得到改善,在前处理和所选物理过程相同的情况下,WRF模式对能够代表本次暴雨过程中中尺度天气系统的高度场、风场、散度场、水汽通量场以及垂直速度场等物理量的模拟效果要好于MM5。高空形势场的影响使WRF模拟的降水落区和强度更接近实况。展开更多
利用中尺度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)的数值模拟,结合NECP/FNL再分析资料、地面、探空、多普勒雷达基数据和卫星产品等观测资料,综合分析了2014年3月30日发生在贵州省西南部的一次冰雹天气过程。研究了有利于冰雹...利用中尺度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)的数值模拟,结合NECP/FNL再分析资料、地面、探空、多普勒雷达基数据和卫星产品等观测资料,综合分析了2014年3月30日发生在贵州省西南部的一次冰雹天气过程。研究了有利于冰雹发生的环流特征和环境条件,分析了冰雹云系的发展演变特征、云微物理结构特征,初步分析了冰雹形成的云物理机制。结果表明:此次冰雹天气是典型的低压辐合线型降雹类型,地面降雹位置位于700 hPa切变线和近地面辐合线附近及南侧;发生此次冰雹过程的对流云系经历了对流云系的初生阶段、合并加强阶段、成熟降雹阶段和东移阶段。贵州地区上空对流云系的微物理结构具有混合相云特征,高层为冰晶、雪,中层为云水、霰,低层为雨水、冰雹。霰和云水是形成雨水和冰雹的主要来源,霰撞冻过冷云水和霰的自动转化是冰雹形成的主要微物理机制。展开更多
本文利用中尺度模式Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)3.1版本及National Centers forEnvironmental Prediction(NCEP)分析资料,就2003年6月下旬我国江淮及南方地区的强降水事件,以24h短期天气模拟的方式,研究了模式中四个...本文利用中尺度模式Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)3.1版本及National Centers forEnvironmental Prediction(NCEP)分析资料,就2003年6月下旬我国江淮及南方地区的强降水事件,以24h短期天气模拟的方式,研究了模式中四个不同陆面方案对降水模拟的影响.结果表明,此次暴雨事件模拟对不同陆面方案是比较敏感的,模拟区域内雨量级别越高,不同方案的TS评分差异就越大,较大范围雨量可存在30%的差异,四种方案的暴雨中心值可存在100%~150%的较大差别;不同陆面方案还导致了模拟平均感热通量及潜热通量的系统性差异,这些差异的分布具有地域特点;陆面方案通过两种机理对模拟降水产生重要影响,即主要影响地表蒸发量,以及主要影响低层环流及水汽辐合,从而分别影响模拟的较大范围降水(如,平均约7%、最大约30%的较大范围雨量差异)及包含模拟降水中心的较小范围暴雨(如,方案间暴雨中心雨量可存在100%~150%的较大差别).可见,不同陆面过程可从不同空间尺度、不同程度上影响暴雨天气,改进陆面方案可以提高WRF模式对暴雨的模拟能力.展开更多
利用MODIS下垫面资料和NCEP-FNL再分析资料,采用四层嵌套,通过WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Modeling System)模式,模拟研究了城市化对南京气候的影响。结果表明:城市土地利用类型的改变使下垫面热力、动力属性发生改变,影响...利用MODIS下垫面资料和NCEP-FNL再分析资料,采用四层嵌套,通过WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Modeling System)模式,模拟研究了城市化对南京气候的影响。结果表明:城市土地利用类型的改变使下垫面热力、动力属性发生改变,影响了地表与大气之间的动量和热量交换,进而对局地气候特征产生影响。城市化后南京城市热岛效应明显增强,1月和7月2m气温有明显增加的趋势,边界层高度分别增加了约60m和180m 。土地利用类型改变使地表粗糙度增加,1月和7月地面风速分别减小了1.1m·s^-1和0.7m·s^-1 ,并且地面辐合得到加强。城市化使城市地区的中雨和大雨发生概率增加而小雨发生概率减少,中雨和大雨天数最大分别增加约8天和4天。展开更多
利用美国WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式对"海棠"台风(0505)登陆前后的雨带变化进行分析和模拟试验。结果显示:台风登陆前后其雨带会产生断裂,这种现象可发生在陆地和海上,使非对称降水更加明显。分析得出雨带断裂不仅...利用美国WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式对"海棠"台风(0505)登陆前后的雨带变化进行分析和模拟试验。结果显示:台风登陆前后其雨带会产生断裂,这种现象可发生在陆地和海上,使非对称降水更加明显。分析得出雨带断裂不仅与地形有关,而且与高层台风环流和中纬度系统的相互作用有关:台风登陆前后,200hPa南亚高压和台风外围的辐散气流结合形成在台风西北方向的弱倒槽,台风中心西侧及西北侧的中低层辐散流场稳定维持,使高层气旋性流场加强,与气旋性流场相伴的正涡度一部分随气流逆时针旋转,并逐步平流至台风中心附近的正涡度区形成一个沿22~25°N的正涡度输送带并延伸至台风中心东部,而中心东部高层的正涡度带中有下沉运动,不利于降水发展而导致雨带断裂是非对称降水的主要原因。高层台风的带状涡度向外围的传播可导致中纬度气旋性环流的进一步加强和正涡度向台风输送的加强,使雨带断裂更加明显。展开更多
The strong heavy rainfall on 3–5 July 2003 causing the severe flooding in Huaihe River basin (HRB), China is studied. It is noted that there are sometimes mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in East Asia during the...The strong heavy rainfall on 3–5 July 2003 causing the severe flooding in Huaihe River basin (HRB), China is studied. It is noted that there are sometimes mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in East Asia during the mei-yu season. Simulation results from the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction) data analysis system (ADAS) and WRF model were used to study the development of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) and mesoscale convective vortex (MCV). It is confirmed that the MCV formed during the development of a previous severe MCS. A closed vortex circulation can be found below 600 hPa with a vorticity maximum in the middle troposphere. The evolution process of the MCV can be divided into three stages: initiation, maturation, and dissipation. During the mature stage of the MCV, a downdraft occurred in the center of the MCV and new convection developed in southeast of the MCV. The convergence and the tilting in the lower troposphere convergence and vertical advection in the middle troposphere were the main vorticity sources in the MCV initiation stage. Finally, a conceptual model between the mei-yu front and the embedded MCS and MCV is proposed. The mei-yu front was the background condition for the development of the MCS and MCV. A low level jet (LLJ) transported moisture and the weak cold air invasion via a trough aloft in the middle troposphere and triggering the severe convection. Furthermore, the intensified jet was able to result in the initiation of new "secondary" areas of convection in the eastern part of the MCV.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) (Grant No. GYHY200906018)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2009CB421406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40875048 and 40821092)
文摘This paper describes a dynamical downscaling simulation over China using the nested model system,which consists of the modified Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)nested with the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model(CAM).Results show that dynamical downscaling is of great value in improving the model simulation of regional climatic characteristics.WRF simulates regional detailed temperature features better than CAM.With the spatial correlation coefficient between the observation and the simulation increasing from 0.54 for CAM to 0.79 for WRF,the improvement in precipitation simulation is more perceptible with WRF.Furthermore,the WRF simulation corrects the spatial bias of the precipitation in the CAM simulation.
文摘用近年开发的新一代中尺度预报模式WRF(Weather Research Forecast)和已被广泛应用的MM5模式分别模拟研究了2002年8月3~4日发生在辽宁的一次区域性暴雨过程。模拟结果显示WRF模式能够比较成功地反映出导致暴雨发生的高低空环流背景和暴雨的分布状况;WRF和MM5模拟结果的对比分析表明:由于WRF的动力框架具有一定的优越性使得模式结果得到改善,在前处理和所选物理过程相同的情况下,WRF模式对能够代表本次暴雨过程中中尺度天气系统的高度场、风场、散度场、水汽通量场以及垂直速度场等物理量的模拟效果要好于MM5。高空形势场的影响使WRF模拟的降水落区和强度更接近实况。
文摘利用中尺度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)的数值模拟,结合NECP/FNL再分析资料、地面、探空、多普勒雷达基数据和卫星产品等观测资料,综合分析了2014年3月30日发生在贵州省西南部的一次冰雹天气过程。研究了有利于冰雹发生的环流特征和环境条件,分析了冰雹云系的发展演变特征、云微物理结构特征,初步分析了冰雹形成的云物理机制。结果表明:此次冰雹天气是典型的低压辐合线型降雹类型,地面降雹位置位于700 hPa切变线和近地面辐合线附近及南侧;发生此次冰雹过程的对流云系经历了对流云系的初生阶段、合并加强阶段、成熟降雹阶段和东移阶段。贵州地区上空对流云系的微物理结构具有混合相云特征,高层为冰晶、雪,中层为云水、霰,低层为雨水、冰雹。霰和云水是形成雨水和冰雹的主要来源,霰撞冻过冷云水和霰的自动转化是冰雹形成的主要微物理机制。
文摘本文利用中尺度模式Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)3.1版本及National Centers forEnvironmental Prediction(NCEP)分析资料,就2003年6月下旬我国江淮及南方地区的强降水事件,以24h短期天气模拟的方式,研究了模式中四个不同陆面方案对降水模拟的影响.结果表明,此次暴雨事件模拟对不同陆面方案是比较敏感的,模拟区域内雨量级别越高,不同方案的TS评分差异就越大,较大范围雨量可存在30%的差异,四种方案的暴雨中心值可存在100%~150%的较大差别;不同陆面方案还导致了模拟平均感热通量及潜热通量的系统性差异,这些差异的分布具有地域特点;陆面方案通过两种机理对模拟降水产生重要影响,即主要影响地表蒸发量,以及主要影响低层环流及水汽辐合,从而分别影响模拟的较大范围降水(如,平均约7%、最大约30%的较大范围雨量差异)及包含模拟降水中心的较小范围暴雨(如,方案间暴雨中心雨量可存在100%~150%的较大差别).可见,不同陆面过程可从不同空间尺度、不同程度上影响暴雨天气,改进陆面方案可以提高WRF模式对暴雨的模拟能力.
文摘利用MODIS下垫面资料和NCEP-FNL再分析资料,采用四层嵌套,通过WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Modeling System)模式,模拟研究了城市化对南京气候的影响。结果表明:城市土地利用类型的改变使下垫面热力、动力属性发生改变,影响了地表与大气之间的动量和热量交换,进而对局地气候特征产生影响。城市化后南京城市热岛效应明显增强,1月和7月2m气温有明显增加的趋势,边界层高度分别增加了约60m和180m 。土地利用类型改变使地表粗糙度增加,1月和7月地面风速分别减小了1.1m·s^-1和0.7m·s^-1 ,并且地面辐合得到加强。城市化使城市地区的中雨和大雨发生概率增加而小雨发生概率减少,中雨和大雨天数最大分别增加约8天和4天。
文摘利用美国WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式对"海棠"台风(0505)登陆前后的雨带变化进行分析和模拟试验。结果显示:台风登陆前后其雨带会产生断裂,这种现象可发生在陆地和海上,使非对称降水更加明显。分析得出雨带断裂不仅与地形有关,而且与高层台风环流和中纬度系统的相互作用有关:台风登陆前后,200hPa南亚高压和台风外围的辐散气流结合形成在台风西北方向的弱倒槽,台风中心西侧及西北侧的中低层辐散流场稳定维持,使高层气旋性流场加强,与气旋性流场相伴的正涡度一部分随气流逆时针旋转,并逐步平流至台风中心附近的正涡度区形成一个沿22~25°N的正涡度输送带并延伸至台风中心东部,而中心东部高层的正涡度带中有下沉运动,不利于降水发展而导致雨带断裂是非对称降水的主要原因。高层台风的带状涡度向外围的传播可导致中纬度气旋性环流的进一步加强和正涡度向台风输送的加强,使雨带断裂更加明显。
基金supported by the project of State Key Labo-ratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteoro-logical Sciences (No. 2009LASW-A03) the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.40875021 and 40930951
文摘The strong heavy rainfall on 3–5 July 2003 causing the severe flooding in Huaihe River basin (HRB), China is studied. It is noted that there are sometimes mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in East Asia during the mei-yu season. Simulation results from the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction) data analysis system (ADAS) and WRF model were used to study the development of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) and mesoscale convective vortex (MCV). It is confirmed that the MCV formed during the development of a previous severe MCS. A closed vortex circulation can be found below 600 hPa with a vorticity maximum in the middle troposphere. The evolution process of the MCV can be divided into three stages: initiation, maturation, and dissipation. During the mature stage of the MCV, a downdraft occurred in the center of the MCV and new convection developed in southeast of the MCV. The convergence and the tilting in the lower troposphere convergence and vertical advection in the middle troposphere were the main vorticity sources in the MCV initiation stage. Finally, a conceptual model between the mei-yu front and the embedded MCS and MCV is proposed. The mei-yu front was the background condition for the development of the MCS and MCV. A low level jet (LLJ) transported moisture and the weak cold air invasion via a trough aloft in the middle troposphere and triggering the severe convection. Furthermore, the intensified jet was able to result in the initiation of new "secondary" areas of convection in the eastern part of the MCV.