The very low cut-off value for sperm morphology of 4% morphologically normal spermatozoa, as proposed in the new edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） manual on semen analysis, is in agreement with recently...The very low cut-off value for sperm morphology of 4% morphologically normal spermatozoa, as proposed in the new edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） manual on semen analysis, is in agreement with recently published values and reflects the trend of a decline in reported mean values for normal sperm morphology. The reduced value for morphologically normal spermatozoa over the years may be due to several factors. The first is the introduction of strict criteria for the evaluation of sperm morphology. Other reasons may include the introduction of additional criteria for sperm morphology abnormalities and the suggested decrease in semen parameters because of increasing negative environmental influences. Although on its own the newly proposed very low normal value may not provide the strong predictive value for a males＇ fertility potential, as originally reported for sperm morphology evaluated according to strict criteria, a good predictive value can still be obtained if the holistic, strict approach for sperm morphology evaluation is followed together with additional sperm morphology parameters now available, because certain morphology patterns and sperm abnormalities are now known to be of strong prognostic value. In addition, better international standardization of the technical methodology, consensus on the interpretation of sperm morphology evaluation criteria and standardized international external quality control （EQC） schemes, are of utmost importance to maintain the good predictive value of sperm morphology.展开更多
2004版WHO泌尿系统和男性生殖器官肿瘤分类的发行已有十多年时间，随着对肾脏肿瘤组织发生学和分子遗传学研究地不断深入，人们对已知的肾脏肿瘤有了新的认识，许多新的肾肿瘤实体及其独特的临床病理特征也被广泛认知。基于这些变化，新...2004版WHO泌尿系统和男性生殖器官肿瘤分类的发行已有十多年时间，随着对肾脏肿瘤组织发生学和分子遗传学研究地不断深入，人们对已知的肾脏肿瘤有了新的认识，许多新的肾肿瘤实体及其独特的临床病理特征也被广泛认知。基于这些变化，新版 WHO 泌尿与男性生殖系统肿瘤分类于2016年春季正式出版。本文就该版本肾脏肿瘤分类的主要变化予以解读。展开更多
《WHO女性生殖器官肿瘤学分类（第4版）》[1]（WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs）终于出版了,距《WHO乳腺和女性生殖器官肿瘤病理学和遗传学分类》[2]的出版已经10年余.在此期间,女性生殖系统肿瘤病理领...《WHO女性生殖器官肿瘤学分类（第4版）》[1]（WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs）终于出版了,距《WHO乳腺和女性生殖器官肿瘤病理学和遗传学分类》[2]的出版已经10年余.在此期间,女性生殖系统肿瘤病理领域出现了诸多进展,对一些疾病的认识有了进一步提高,同时对另一些疾病的性质、命名等仍存在许多争议.本书的出版期望对近十余年来妇科病理领域的学术进展进行了有效梳理,根据现有认识及循证医学证据,对有争议的问题进行了阶段性的厘清.展开更多
国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)于2021年5月出版了《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第5版)》。与2015年出版的《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第4版)》相比,《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第5版)》变更了主要章节的框架,新增和调整了...国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)于2021年5月出版了《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第5版)》。与2015年出版的《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第4版)》相比,《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第5版)》变更了主要章节的框架,新增和调整了部分疾病的命名和分类,并充实了流行病学、病因学、组织病理学和分子遗传学等相关内容。现就《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第5版)》中肺肿瘤分类变化较大的内容予以简要介绍。展开更多
文摘The very low cut-off value for sperm morphology of 4% morphologically normal spermatozoa, as proposed in the new edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） manual on semen analysis, is in agreement with recently published values and reflects the trend of a decline in reported mean values for normal sperm morphology. The reduced value for morphologically normal spermatozoa over the years may be due to several factors. The first is the introduction of strict criteria for the evaluation of sperm morphology. Other reasons may include the introduction of additional criteria for sperm morphology abnormalities and the suggested decrease in semen parameters because of increasing negative environmental influences. Although on its own the newly proposed very low normal value may not provide the strong predictive value for a males＇ fertility potential, as originally reported for sperm morphology evaluated according to strict criteria, a good predictive value can still be obtained if the holistic, strict approach for sperm morphology evaluation is followed together with additional sperm morphology parameters now available, because certain morphology patterns and sperm abnormalities are now known to be of strong prognostic value. In addition, better international standardization of the technical methodology, consensus on the interpretation of sperm morphology evaluation criteria and standardized international external quality control （EQC） schemes, are of utmost importance to maintain the good predictive value of sperm morphology.
文摘2004版WHO泌尿系统和男性生殖器官肿瘤分类的发行已有十多年时间，随着对肾脏肿瘤组织发生学和分子遗传学研究地不断深入，人们对已知的肾脏肿瘤有了新的认识，许多新的肾肿瘤实体及其独特的临床病理特征也被广泛认知。基于这些变化，新版 WHO 泌尿与男性生殖系统肿瘤分类于2016年春季正式出版。本文就该版本肾脏肿瘤分类的主要变化予以解读。
文摘《WHO女性生殖器官肿瘤学分类（第4版）》[1]（WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs）终于出版了,距《WHO乳腺和女性生殖器官肿瘤病理学和遗传学分类》[2]的出版已经10年余.在此期间,女性生殖系统肿瘤病理领域出现了诸多进展,对一些疾病的认识有了进一步提高,同时对另一些疾病的性质、命名等仍存在许多争议.本书的出版期望对近十余年来妇科病理领域的学术进展进行了有效梳理,根据现有认识及循证医学证据,对有争议的问题进行了阶段性的厘清.
文摘国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)于2021年5月出版了《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第5版)》。与2015年出版的《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第4版)》相比,《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第5版)》变更了主要章节的框架,新增和调整了部分疾病的命名和分类,并充实了流行病学、病因学、组织病理学和分子遗传学等相关内容。现就《WHO胸部肿瘤分类(第5版)》中肺肿瘤分类变化较大的内容予以简要介绍。
