A heavy rainfall event that occurred in Shandong Province in 26 28 August 2004 was caused mainly by Typhoon Acre and cold air activities related to a westerly trough. The event was triggered by an inverted typhoon tro...A heavy rainfall event that occurred in Shandong Province in 26 28 August 2004 was caused mainly by Typhoon Acre and cold air activities related to a westerly trough. The event was triggered by an inverted typhoon trough, which was closely associated with the intensification of the low-level southeasterly flow and the northward transport of heat and momentum in the periphery of the typhoon low. A numerical simulation of this event is performed using the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 with two-way interactive and triply-nested grids, and the structure of the inverted typhoon trough is studied. Furthermore, the formation and development mechanism of the inverted typhoon trough and a mesoscale vortex are discussed through a vorticity budget analysis. The results show that the heavy rainfall was induced by the strong convergence between the strong and weak winds within the inverted typhoon trough. Dynamic effects of the low-level jet and the diabatic heating of precipitation played an important role in the development of the inverted typhoon trough and the formation of the mesoscale vortex. The vorticity budget analysis suggests that the divergence term in the low troposphere, the horizontal advection term, and the convection term in the middle troposphere were main contributors to positive vorticity. Nonetheless, at the same pressure level, the effect of the divergence term and that of the adveetion term were opposite to each other. In the middle troposphere, the vertical transport term made a positive contribution while the tilting term made a negative contribution, and the total vorticity tendency was the net result of their counteractions. It is found that the change tendency of the relative vorticity was not uniform horizontally. A strong positive vorticity tendency occurred in the southeast of the mesoscale vortex, which is why the heavy rainfall was concentrated there. The increase of positive vorticity in the low （upper） troposphere was caused by horizontal convergence （upward transport of vorticit展开更多
A vorticity budget investigation is performed using the output data from a numerical simulation of a typical MCV (mesoscale convectively generated votex) case in South China. Results suggest that the divergence caus...A vorticity budget investigation is performed using the output data from a numerical simulation of a typical MCV (mesoscale convectively generated votex) case in South China. Results suggest that the divergence caused by convection in the low troposphere is the main producer of positive vorticity, while vertical vorticity transferred by the tilting term from the horizontal vorticity compensates the upward output of cyclonic vorticity. Scale analyses of the vorticity equation suggest that the advection of planetary vorticity can be neglected owing to the low latitude, which is di?erent from the larger scale systems in high latitude areas. In addition, the distribution of relative vorticity tendency on pressure level is not uniform. A vortex will move along the vector from the negative to the positive vorticity tendency region. The mechanism of the phenomenon—that nearly all of the convectively ascending region is located southward/southeastward of the vortex center—is also discussed. Convergence with regard to latent heat release would be in favor of the spin-up of meso-vortex, however, the horizontal vorticity caused by wind shear is tilted by vertical motion due to convection. Consequently, the negative and positive vorticity tendencies are located symmetrically about the convective center, which suggests that the vortex southward movement is dynamically driven by convection.展开更多
2008年7月17—19日发生在山东的大到暴雨天气是由“海鸥”台风和副热带高压共同向山东输送水汽，与弱冷空气相互作用造成的。对流层低层的中尺度低涡是暴雨天气的直接制造者。利用常规观测资料和中尺度模式WRF（Weather Research and Fo...2008年7月17—19日发生在山东的大到暴雨天气是由“海鸥”台风和副热带高压共同向山东输送水汽，与弱冷空气相互作用造成的。对流层低层的中尺度低涡是暴雨天气的直接制造者。利用常规观测资料和中尺度模式WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）的模拟资料对该中尺度低涡的结构及形成机制进行了分析研究。结果表明，数值模拟可以清楚地捕捉到中尺度低涡东移过程中有新的涡旋中心形成，并与原来的涡旋中心合并的过程，而不是简单的沿切变线东移。中尺度低涡形成在增温增湿明显、上升运动为主的对流区内；中尺度低涡形成后其中心转为下沉运动，对流区东移，降水区位于低涡的东北和东南象限。中尺度低涡上空近地面层的冷池、600～400hPa的弱冷空气堆、900～850hPa的弱风区及高低空急流耦合发展是中尺度低涡形成和发展阶段的重要特征。中尺度低涡减弱阶段，下沉运动变强，低空急流和高空出流都明显减弱。涡度方程的收支表明，对流层低层的散度项、倾侧项及对流层中层的水平平流项和铅直输送项是正涡度的主要贡献者。中低层的水平辐合、涡度由低层向高层的垂直输送都有利于中尺度低涡的形成和发展。倾侧项对中尺度低涡的形成也有重要贡献。中尺度低涡形成后期，低层辐合、高层辐散及垂直输送的减弱导致正涡度制造的减弱，从而使中尺度低涡减弱。展开更多
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、地面自动站降水资料,对2010年7月8～10日发生在重庆地区的大暴雨过程进行涡度收支及潜热释放诊断分析。结果表明：（1）再次发展的850 h Pa西南低涡中心与持续发展的700 h Pa低涡中心的耦合发展对此次暴雨过...利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、地面自动站降水资料,对2010年7月8～10日发生在重庆地区的大暴雨过程进行涡度收支及潜热释放诊断分析。结果表明：（1）再次发展的850 h Pa西南低涡中心与持续发展的700 h Pa低涡中心的耦合发展对此次暴雨过程的发生发展有重要作用;（2）在暴雨过程中,涡度的垂直输送项和水平辐合辐散项对850 h Pa低涡的再次发展及700 h Pa低涡的维持发展起主要作用;（3）降水与低涡基本同步发生,降水带来的潜热释放使得对流中心附近的上升运动不断加强,凝结潜热释放也随之增多,引起非绝热作用增强,导致局地位涡增加和低涡中心附近的正涡度逐渐加大,风场气旋性弯曲显著,低涡环流逐渐形成。展开更多
基金Supported by Wuhan Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, under Grant No. IHR2008K03the Scientific Research Project of the Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau under Grant No. 2006sdqxz18
文摘A heavy rainfall event that occurred in Shandong Province in 26 28 August 2004 was caused mainly by Typhoon Acre and cold air activities related to a westerly trough. The event was triggered by an inverted typhoon trough, which was closely associated with the intensification of the low-level southeasterly flow and the northward transport of heat and momentum in the periphery of the typhoon low. A numerical simulation of this event is performed using the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 with two-way interactive and triply-nested grids, and the structure of the inverted typhoon trough is studied. Furthermore, the formation and development mechanism of the inverted typhoon trough and a mesoscale vortex are discussed through a vorticity budget analysis. The results show that the heavy rainfall was induced by the strong convergence between the strong and weak winds within the inverted typhoon trough. Dynamic effects of the low-level jet and the diabatic heating of precipitation played an important role in the development of the inverted typhoon trough and the formation of the mesoscale vortex. The vorticity budget analysis suggests that the divergence term in the low troposphere, the horizontal advection term, and the convection term in the middle troposphere were main contributors to positive vorticity. Nonetheless, at the same pressure level, the effect of the divergence term and that of the adveetion term were opposite to each other. In the middle troposphere, the vertical transport term made a positive contribution while the tilting term made a negative contribution, and the total vorticity tendency was the net result of their counteractions. It is found that the change tendency of the relative vorticity was not uniform horizontally. A strong positive vorticity tendency occurred in the southeast of the mesoscale vortex, which is why the heavy rainfall was concentrated there. The increase of positive vorticity in the low （upper） troposphere was caused by horizontal convergence （upward transport of vorticit
文摘A vorticity budget investigation is performed using the output data from a numerical simulation of a typical MCV (mesoscale convectively generated votex) case in South China. Results suggest that the divergence caused by convection in the low troposphere is the main producer of positive vorticity, while vertical vorticity transferred by the tilting term from the horizontal vorticity compensates the upward output of cyclonic vorticity. Scale analyses of the vorticity equation suggest that the advection of planetary vorticity can be neglected owing to the low latitude, which is di?erent from the larger scale systems in high latitude areas. In addition, the distribution of relative vorticity tendency on pressure level is not uniform. A vortex will move along the vector from the negative to the positive vorticity tendency region. The mechanism of the phenomenon—that nearly all of the convectively ascending region is located southward/southeastward of the vortex center—is also discussed. Convergence with regard to latent heat release would be in favor of the spin-up of meso-vortex, however, the horizontal vorticity caused by wind shear is tilted by vertical motion due to convection. Consequently, the negative and positive vorticity tendencies are located symmetrically about the convective center, which suggests that the vortex southward movement is dynamically driven by convection.
文摘2008年7月17—19日发生在山东的大到暴雨天气是由“海鸥”台风和副热带高压共同向山东输送水汽，与弱冷空气相互作用造成的。对流层低层的中尺度低涡是暴雨天气的直接制造者。利用常规观测资料和中尺度模式WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）的模拟资料对该中尺度低涡的结构及形成机制进行了分析研究。结果表明，数值模拟可以清楚地捕捉到中尺度低涡东移过程中有新的涡旋中心形成，并与原来的涡旋中心合并的过程，而不是简单的沿切变线东移。中尺度低涡形成在增温增湿明显、上升运动为主的对流区内；中尺度低涡形成后其中心转为下沉运动，对流区东移，降水区位于低涡的东北和东南象限。中尺度低涡上空近地面层的冷池、600～400hPa的弱冷空气堆、900～850hPa的弱风区及高低空急流耦合发展是中尺度低涡形成和发展阶段的重要特征。中尺度低涡减弱阶段，下沉运动变强，低空急流和高空出流都明显减弱。涡度方程的收支表明，对流层低层的散度项、倾侧项及对流层中层的水平平流项和铅直输送项是正涡度的主要贡献者。中低层的水平辐合、涡度由低层向高层的垂直输送都有利于中尺度低涡的形成和发展。倾侧项对中尺度低涡的形成也有重要贡献。中尺度低涡形成后期，低层辐合、高层辐散及垂直输送的减弱导致正涡度制造的减弱，从而使中尺度低涡减弱。
文摘利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、地面自动站降水资料,对2010年7月8～10日发生在重庆地区的大暴雨过程进行涡度收支及潜热释放诊断分析。结果表明：（1）再次发展的850 h Pa西南低涡中心与持续发展的700 h Pa低涡中心的耦合发展对此次暴雨过程的发生发展有重要作用;（2）在暴雨过程中,涡度的垂直输送项和水平辐合辐散项对850 h Pa低涡的再次发展及700 h Pa低涡的维持发展起主要作用;（3）降水与低涡基本同步发生,降水带来的潜热释放使得对流中心附近的上升运动不断加强,凝结潜热释放也随之增多,引起非绝热作用增强,导致局地位涡增加和低涡中心附近的正涡度逐渐加大,风场气旋性弯曲显著,低涡环流逐渐形成。
