采用Volume of Fluid(VOF)模型对罐车制动时液体的晃动进行了数值模拟,对单室受力、受力位置及整车轴荷分配进行了计算,并通过与实验结果的对比验证了计算方法的可靠性.计算结果表明,无防波板时,随减速度增加,单室x,y方向受力峰值增大,...采用Volume of Fluid(VOF)模型对罐车制动时液体的晃动进行了数值模拟,对单室受力、受力位置及整车轴荷分配进行了计算,并通过与实验结果的对比验证了计算方法的可靠性.计算结果表明,无防波板时,随减速度增加,单室x,y方向受力峰值增大,整车轴荷比增大;随充液比增加,单室x方向受力峰值先增大后减小,y方向受力峰值增大,制动初始与结束时充液比越大轴荷比越大,1 s左右充液比越大轴荷比越小;单室带防波板时,随防波板面积增加,x,y方向受力峰值减小,当防波板面积大于横截面的40%时,增加防波板面积能显著改善罐体受力,且防波板面积越大轴荷比峰值越小.展开更多
数值求解非定常不可压缩流动的雷诺平均N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,用VOR(Volume Of Fluid)方法模拟波浪水面,模拟了NACA2410翼型在波浪水面上方飞行的流场.研究了余弦波浪水面的生成方法,选取合适的计算网格和时间步长...数值求解非定常不可压缩流动的雷诺平均N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,用VOR(Volume Of Fluid)方法模拟波浪水面,模拟了NACA2410翼型在波浪水面上方飞行的流场.研究了余弦波浪水面的生成方法,选取合适的计算网格和时间步长,避免了在生成规则余弦波浪水面时由于数值耗散使波面形状衰减.比较了固壁波浪与水面波浪计算结果的差异,发现固壁波浪的结果更接近余弦曲线分布.研究了波浪等级对翼型气动性能的影响,分析计算结果发现:在规则的余弦水面波浪上方飞行,翼型气动力呈现周期性,给出了一个周期内气动力的变化过程,以及波长和波幅对气动力平均值和波动幅度的影响规律.展开更多
In the present study, a new algorithm based on the Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method is developed to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics on an arc crown wall. Structured grids are generated by the coordinate transf...In the present study, a new algorithm based on the Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method is developed to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics on an arc crown wall. Structured grids are generated by the coordinate transform method in an arbitrary complex region. The Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional incompressible viscous flows are discretized in the Body Fitted Coordinate （BFC） system. The transformed SIMPLE algorithm is proposed to modify the pressure-velocity field and a transformed VOF method is used to trace the free surface. Hydrodynamic characteristics on an arc crown wall are obtained by the improved numerical model based on the BFC system （BFC model）. The velocity field, the pressure field and the time profiles of the water surface near the arc crown wall obtained by using the BFC model and the Cartesian model are compared. The BFC model is verified by experimental results.展开更多
Hull/propeller interaction is of great importance for powering performance prediction. The features of hull/propeller interaction of a submarine model with a high-skew five blade propeller in submergence and near surf...Hull/propeller interaction is of great importance for powering performance prediction. The features of hull/propeller interaction of a submarine model with a high-skew five blade propeller in submergence and near surface conditions are numerically simulated. The effect of propeller rotation is simulated by the sliding mesh technique. Free surface is captured by the volume of fluid （VOF） method. Computed results including resistance, thrust, torque and self-propulsion factor are compared with experimental data. It shows fairly good agreement. The resistance and wave pattern of the model at different depths of submergence are computed. And the thrust, torque and self-propulsion factor of the model in submergence and near surface condition are compared to analyze the effect of free surface on self-propulsion performance. The results indicate that free surface has more influence on resistance than that on self-propulsion factors.展开更多
The influence of baffle position on liquid sloshing during the braking and turning of a tank truck was studied using a volume of fluid (VOF) model. The forces,their positions and weight distribution during braking and...The influence of baffle position on liquid sloshing during the braking and turning of a tank truck was studied using a volume of fluid (VOF) model. The forces,their positions and weight distribution during braking and the forces and rolling moment during turning were calculated. The reliability of the calculation method was validated by comparisons with experimental results. The results showed that during braking,liquid splashes in the tank and the maximum forces and G (the ratio of weight acting on the front axle to the rear axle) are large when A (the ratio of the arch area above the baffle to the area of cross section)≤0.1. When A≥0.2,as the position of the baffle is lowered,the maximum of Fx (the force in direction x) first decreases then increases,and the maximum of Fy (the force in direction y) and G increase. During turning,liquid splashes in the tank and the maximum forces and M (the rolling moment) are large when D (the ratio of the arch area above the baffle to the area of cross section)≤0.2. When D≥0.3,as the position of the baffle is lowered,the maximums of Fy,Fz (the force in direction z) and M increase.展开更多
Air entrainment is known to be one of efficient and inexpensive methods to prevent cavitation damages in hydropower projects.The shape of sudden expansion-fall is used as a common device for mitigating cavitation eros...Air entrainment is known to be one of efficient and inexpensive methods to prevent cavitation damages in hydropower projects.The shape of sudden expansion-fall is used as a common device for mitigating cavitation erosions.The complex flow patterns with cavitation are numerically simulated by using the realizable k-εturbulence model and the air-water mixture model.The calculated results are compared well with the experimental results as well as those obtained with the k-εturbulence model with the Volume Of Fluid（VOF）Model.The calculated results agree well with the experimental data for the aeration cavity and wall pressure.Moreover,the air concentration near sidewall is simulated by a mixture model.It is found that the mixture turbulence model is superior to the VOF turbulence model.展开更多
In the incompressible fluid flow regime, without taking consideration of surface tension effects, the viscosity effects on the behavior of an initially spherical buoyancy-driven bubble rising in an infinite and initia...In the incompressible fluid flow regime, without taking consideration of surface tension effects, the viscosity effects on the behavior of an initially spherical buoyancy-driven bubble rising in an infinite and initially stationary liquid are investigated numerically by the Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method. The ratio of the gas density to the liquid density is taken as 0.001, and the gas viscosity to the liquid viscosity is 0.01, which is close to the case of an air bubble rising in water. It is found by numerical experiments that there exist two critical Reynolds numbers Re1 and Re2 , which are in between 30 and 50 and in between 10 and 20, respectively. As Re 〉 Re1 the bubble will have the transition to toroidal form, and the toroidal bubble will break down into two toroidal bubbles. In this case viscosity will damp the development of the liquid jet and delay the formation of the toroidal bubble. As Re〈Re1 the transition will not happen. As Re2 〈 Re 〈 Re1, the bubble will split from its rim into a toroidal bubble and a spherical cap-like bubble, and as Re〈Re2 the splitting will not occur and the bubble can finally reach a stationary shape. With the decrease of the Reynolds number, the stationary shape changes from spherical-cap bubble with skirt to dimpled peach-like bubble. Before the bubble reaches its stationary shape the vortex structure in the flow field varies with time. The vortex structure corresponding to bubble stationary shape varies with the Reynolds number. It is also found that there exists another critical Reynolds number Re^＊ which is in between Re1 and Re2 , and as Re 〈 Re^＊, after the bubble rises in an accelerating manner for a moment, it will rise with an almost constant speed, and the speed increases with increasing Reynolds number. As Re 〉 Re^＊, it will not rise with a constant speed. The mechanism of the above phenomena has been analyzed theoretically and numerically.展开更多
结合长距离无压引水隧洞充水过程,建立了水气两相流耦合VOF(Volume of Fluid)法的k-ε紊流模型,近壁面采用考虑糙率影响的壁面函数,结合实际工程对长距离无压引水隧洞水气两相流进行了模拟。模拟结果表明:隧洞内水位随充水时间的增加逐...结合长距离无压引水隧洞充水过程,建立了水气两相流耦合VOF(Volume of Fluid)法的k-ε紊流模型,近壁面采用考虑糙率影响的壁面函数,结合实际工程对长距离无压引水隧洞水气两相流进行了模拟。模拟结果表明:隧洞内水位随充水时间的增加逐渐上升并趋于稳定;对隧洞充水过程中沿程典型断面的水气两相流进行了动态分析,结果表明进口流量为65 m3/s时水流能顺利通过隧洞;对某水库放水兼放空洞水深实测数据进行了验证对比,模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合。展开更多
A numerical simulation model based on an open source Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） package-Open Field Operation and Manipulation （OpenFOAM） has been developed to study highly nonlinear steady and unsteady fre...A numerical simulation model based on an open source Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） package-Open Field Operation and Manipulation （OpenFOAM） has been developed to study highly nonlinear steady and unsteady free surface flows. A two-fluid formulation is used in this model and the free surface is captured using the classical Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method. The incompressible Euler/Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite volume method on unstructured polyhedral cells. Both steady and unsteady free surface flows are simulated, which include： （1） a submerged NACA0012 2-D hydrofoil moving at a constant speed, （2） the Wigley hull moving at a constant speed, （3） numerical wave tank, （4） green water overtopping a fixed 2-D deck, （5） green water impact on a fixed 3-D body without or with a vertical wall on the deck. The numerical results obtained have been compared with the experimental measurements and other CFD results, and the agreements are satisfactory. The present numerical model can thus be used to simulate highly nonlinear steady and unsteady free surface flows.展开更多
文摘采用Volume of Fluid(VOF)模型对罐车制动时液体的晃动进行了数值模拟,对单室受力、受力位置及整车轴荷分配进行了计算,并通过与实验结果的对比验证了计算方法的可靠性.计算结果表明,无防波板时,随减速度增加,单室x,y方向受力峰值增大,整车轴荷比增大;随充液比增加,单室x方向受力峰值先增大后减小,y方向受力峰值增大,制动初始与结束时充液比越大轴荷比越大,1 s左右充液比越大轴荷比越小;单室带防波板时,随防波板面积增加,x,y方向受力峰值减小,当防波板面积大于横截面的40%时,增加防波板面积能显著改善罐体受力,且防波板面积越大轴荷比峰值越小.
文摘数值求解非定常不可压缩流动的雷诺平均N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,用VOR(Volume Of Fluid)方法模拟波浪水面,模拟了NACA2410翼型在波浪水面上方飞行的流场.研究了余弦波浪水面的生成方法,选取合适的计算网格和时间步长,避免了在生成规则余弦波浪水面时由于数值耗散使波面形状衰减.比较了固壁波浪与水面波浪计算结果的差异,发现固壁波浪的结果更接近余弦曲线分布.研究了波浪等级对翼型气动性能的影响,分析计算结果发现:在规则的余弦水面波浪上方飞行,翼型气动力呈现周期性,给出了一个周期内气动力的变化过程,以及波长和波幅对气动力平均值和波动幅度的影响规律.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51179030, 50921001)
文摘In the present study, a new algorithm based on the Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method is developed to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics on an arc crown wall. Structured grids are generated by the coordinate transform method in an arbitrary complex region. The Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional incompressible viscous flows are discretized in the Body Fitted Coordinate （BFC） system. The transformed SIMPLE algorithm is proposed to modify the pressure-velocity field and a transformed VOF method is used to trace the free surface. Hydrodynamic characteristics on an arc crown wall are obtained by the improved numerical model based on the BFC system （BFC model）. The velocity field, the pressure field and the time profiles of the water surface near the arc crown wall obtained by using the BFC model and the Cartesian model are compared. The BFC model is verified by experimental results.
文摘Hull/propeller interaction is of great importance for powering performance prediction. The features of hull/propeller interaction of a submarine model with a high-skew five blade propeller in submergence and near surface conditions are numerically simulated. The effect of propeller rotation is simulated by the sliding mesh technique. Free surface is captured by the volume of fluid （VOF） method. Computed results including resistance, thrust, torque and self-propulsion factor are compared with experimental data. It shows fairly good agreement. The resistance and wave pattern of the model at different depths of submergence are computed. And the thrust, torque and self-propulsion factor of the model in submergence and near surface condition are compared to analyze the effect of free surface on self-propulsion performance. The results indicate that free surface has more influence on resistance than that on self-propulsion factors.
文摘The influence of baffle position on liquid sloshing during the braking and turning of a tank truck was studied using a volume of fluid (VOF) model. The forces,their positions and weight distribution during braking and the forces and rolling moment during turning were calculated. The reliability of the calculation method was validated by comparisons with experimental results. The results showed that during braking,liquid splashes in the tank and the maximum forces and G (the ratio of weight acting on the front axle to the rear axle) are large when A (the ratio of the arch area above the baffle to the area of cross section)≤0.1. When A≥0.2,as the position of the baffle is lowered,the maximum of Fx (the force in direction x) first decreases then increases,and the maximum of Fy (the force in direction y) and G increase. During turning,liquid splashes in the tank and the maximum forces and M (the rolling moment) are large when D (the ratio of the arch area above the baffle to the area of cross section)≤0.2. When D≥0.3,as the position of the baffle is lowered,the maximums of Fy,Fz (the force in direction z) and M increase.
基金Project supported by the Key Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 2008108111)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2007CB714105)the Program of New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-08-0378)
文摘Air entrainment is known to be one of efficient and inexpensive methods to prevent cavitation damages in hydropower projects.The shape of sudden expansion-fall is used as a common device for mitigating cavitation erosions.The complex flow patterns with cavitation are numerically simulated by using the realizable k-εturbulence model and the air-water mixture model.The calculated results are compared well with the experimental results as well as those obtained with the k-εturbulence model with the Volume Of Fluid（VOF）Model.The calculated results agree well with the experimental data for the aeration cavity and wall pressure.Moreover,the air concentration near sidewall is simulated by a mixture model.It is found that the mixture turbulence model is superior to the VOF turbulence model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10672043,10272032)supported by the Fudan University Graduate Innovation Fund No.7
文摘In the incompressible fluid flow regime, without taking consideration of surface tension effects, the viscosity effects on the behavior of an initially spherical buoyancy-driven bubble rising in an infinite and initially stationary liquid are investigated numerically by the Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method. The ratio of the gas density to the liquid density is taken as 0.001, and the gas viscosity to the liquid viscosity is 0.01, which is close to the case of an air bubble rising in water. It is found by numerical experiments that there exist two critical Reynolds numbers Re1 and Re2 , which are in between 30 and 50 and in between 10 and 20, respectively. As Re 〉 Re1 the bubble will have the transition to toroidal form, and the toroidal bubble will break down into two toroidal bubbles. In this case viscosity will damp the development of the liquid jet and delay the formation of the toroidal bubble. As Re〈Re1 the transition will not happen. As Re2 〈 Re 〈 Re1, the bubble will split from its rim into a toroidal bubble and a spherical cap-like bubble, and as Re〈Re2 the splitting will not occur and the bubble can finally reach a stationary shape. With the decrease of the Reynolds number, the stationary shape changes from spherical-cap bubble with skirt to dimpled peach-like bubble. Before the bubble reaches its stationary shape the vortex structure in the flow field varies with time. The vortex structure corresponding to bubble stationary shape varies with the Reynolds number. It is also found that there exists another critical Reynolds number Re^＊ which is in between Re1 and Re2 , and as Re 〈 Re^＊, after the bubble rises in an accelerating manner for a moment, it will rise with an almost constant speed, and the speed increases with increasing Reynolds number. As Re 〉 Re^＊, it will not rise with a constant speed. The mechanism of the above phenomena has been analyzed theoretically and numerically.
文摘结合长距离无压引水隧洞充水过程,建立了水气两相流耦合VOF(Volume of Fluid)法的k-ε紊流模型,近壁面采用考虑糙率影响的壁面函数,结合实际工程对长距离无压引水隧洞水气两相流进行了模拟。模拟结果表明:隧洞内水位随充水时间的增加逐渐上升并趋于稳定;对隧洞充水过程中沿程典型断面的水气两相流进行了动态分析,结果表明进口流量为65 m3/s时水流能顺利通过隧洞;对某水库放水兼放空洞水深实测数据进行了验证对比,模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50739004, 11072154)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Grant No. GKZD 010053-11)
文摘A numerical simulation model based on an open source Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） package-Open Field Operation and Manipulation （OpenFOAM） has been developed to study highly nonlinear steady and unsteady free surface flows. A two-fluid formulation is used in this model and the free surface is captured using the classical Volume Of Fluid （VOF） method. The incompressible Euler/Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite volume method on unstructured polyhedral cells. Both steady and unsteady free surface flows are simulated, which include： （1） a submerged NACA0012 2-D hydrofoil moving at a constant speed, （2） the Wigley hull moving at a constant speed, （3） numerical wave tank, （4） green water overtopping a fixed 2-D deck, （5） green water impact on a fixed 3-D body without or with a vertical wall on the deck. The numerical results obtained have been compared with the experimental measurements and other CFD results, and the agreements are satisfactory. The present numerical model can thus be used to simulate highly nonlinear steady and unsteady free surface flows.
