从电导特性的角度研究了变压器油在高场强下的预击穿过程及机制,将变压器油在不同电场下的电导机制分为3个阶段:①在电场低于0.44 kV mm 1时,电导电流I与外施场强E成正的线性关系,符合欧姆定律;②电场强度在0.44 1.33 kV mm 1范围内时,l...从电导特性的角度研究了变压器油在高场强下的预击穿过程及机制,将变压器油在不同电场下的电导机制分为3个阶段:①在电场低于0.44 kV mm 1时,电导电流I与外施场强E成正的线性关系,符合欧姆定律;②电场强度在0.44 1.33 kV mm 1范围内时,ln(I/E2)1/E成正比,满足Fowler-Nordheim场致发射方程,属于隧道效应电流阶段;③当油中电场强度E>1.33 kV mm 1,I与电压的二次方U2成正比,属于空间电荷限制电流阶段,载流子视在迁移率c约为2.93 10 3cm2/(V s),当外施电场为2 kV mm 1时,载流子流速v为0.586 m s 1,电流体力学迁移率h约为1.5 10 3cm2(V s)1。同时,对影响变压器油电导特性的温度、流体压强、油中含水等因素进行研究,试验结果表明,随着温度的升高、流体压强的减小以及油中含水量的增加,变压器油的电导电流均将明显增加。此外,对工程上关注的不同浸油程度的绝缘纸板的电导和介电特性及其影响因素进行研究,结果表明,随着浸油水平、温度和工作频率的提高,绝缘纸板的电导电流均将相应增加。展开更多
The grain refinement of superalloy IN718 under the action of low voltage pulsed magnetic field was investigated. The experimental results show that fine equiaxed grains are acquired under the action of low voltage pul...The grain refinement of superalloy IN718 under the action of low voltage pulsed magnetic field was investigated. The experimental results show that fine equiaxed grains are acquired under the action of low voltage pulsed magnetic field. The refinement effect of the pulsed magnetic field is affected by the melt cooling rate and superheating. The decrease of cooling rate and superheating enhance the refinement effect of the low voltage pulsed magnetic field. The magnetic force and the melt flow during solidification are modeled and simulated to reveal the grain refinement mechanism. It is considered that the melt convection caused by the pulsed magnetic field, as well as cooling rate and superheating contributes to the refinement of solidified grains.展开更多
为探究雾霾对高压直流(HVDC)输电线路电晕离子流场的影响规律,提出了雾霾对HVDC输电线路电晕离子流场影响的计算方法。考虑雾霾微粒的荷电特性和湿度对电晕起晕的作用,采用有限元方法计算了±800 k V线路在各种雾霾污染等级下的合...为探究雾霾对高压直流(HVDC)输电线路电晕离子流场的影响规律,提出了雾霾对HVDC输电线路电晕离子流场影响的计算方法。考虑雾霾微粒的荷电特性和湿度对电晕起晕的作用,采用有限元方法计算了±800 k V线路在各种雾霾污染等级下的合成电场强度和离子流密度。计算结果表明:随着雾霾污染程度增加,地面合成电场强度和离子流密度相对于正常天气时的值有所增大,在较大污染程度下,其最大值的增长率随污染浓度增大呈近似线性关系;高湿度雾霾状况下的电晕离子流场随污染程度变化比低湿度雾霾和干霾下更加明显。分析认为:雾霾条件下湿度对电晕起始电场强度的影响及空间悬浮颗粒的荷电行为是地面合成电场和离子流密度变化的主要原因,离子迁移率的减小抑制了地面离子流密度的增大。研究思路对考虑雾霾因素时HVDC输电线路规划设计中电晕效应的分析具有参考价值。展开更多
The low voltage pulsed magnetic field(LVPMF)disrupts the columnar dendrite growth,and the columnarto-equiaxed transition(CET)occurs during the directional solidification of superalloy K4169.Within the pulse voltage ra...The low voltage pulsed magnetic field(LVPMF)disrupts the columnar dendrite growth,and the columnarto-equiaxed transition(CET)occurs during the directional solidification of superalloy K4169.Within the pulse voltage ranging from 100Vto 200 V,a transition from columnar to equiaxed grain was observed,and the grain size decreased as the pulse voltage rised.As the pulse frequency increased,the CET occurred,and the grains were refined.However,the grains became coarse,and the solidification structure was columnar crystal again when frequency increased to 10 Hz.The LVPMF had an optimal frequency to promote CET.The LVPMF on the CET was affected by the withdrawal speed and increasing the withdrawal speed enhances the CET.The distribution of electromagnetic force and flow field in the melt under the LVPMF were modeled and simulated to reveal the CET mechanism.It is considered that the CET should be attributed to the coupling effects of magnetic vibration and melt convection induced by the LVPMF.展开更多
在变电站现场开展GIS内电压互感器误差校验时,会面临试验一次回路长、GIS管道电容量随管道长短变化等问题,现有试验设备操作复杂且效率低下。通过研究升压试验操作时不同电感补偿方案的影响因素,设计研制了标准电压互感器与带中压补偿...在变电站现场开展GIS内电压互感器误差校验时,会面临试验一次回路长、GIS管道电容量随管道长短变化等问题,现有试验设备操作复杂且效率低下。通过研究升压试验操作时不同电感补偿方案的影响因素,设计研制了标准电压互感器与带中压补偿试验变压器一体化试验设备,并将其固定安装于新型现场互感器校验车。试验设备使用SF6气体作为绝缘介质。升压装置采用谐振试验变压器,并与标准电压互感器装配于同一气室内部。标准电压互感器设计了特殊结构用于改善系统的不均匀电场分布问题,同时提升了设备使用带中压补偿试验变压器的补偿效果。标准电压互感器与升压器同室对测量结果影响等技术难题得到了有效解决。试验设备配合电动可调电抗器进行试验操作,满足了500 k V电压等级GIS内电压互感现场全电压检测要求,具有可靠性高、操作简便等优点。展开更多
文摘从电导特性的角度研究了变压器油在高场强下的预击穿过程及机制,将变压器油在不同电场下的电导机制分为3个阶段:①在电场低于0.44 kV mm 1时,电导电流I与外施场强E成正的线性关系,符合欧姆定律;②电场强度在0.44 1.33 kV mm 1范围内时,ln(I/E2)1/E成正比,满足Fowler-Nordheim场致发射方程,属于隧道效应电流阶段;③当油中电场强度E>1.33 kV mm 1,I与电压的二次方U2成正比,属于空间电荷限制电流阶段,载流子视在迁移率c约为2.93 10 3cm2/(V s),当外施电场为2 kV mm 1时,载流子流速v为0.586 m s 1,电流体力学迁移率h约为1.5 10 3cm2(V s)1。同时,对影响变压器油电导特性的温度、流体压强、油中含水等因素进行研究,试验结果表明,随着温度的升高、流体压强的减小以及油中含水量的增加,变压器油的电导电流均将明显增加。此外,对工程上关注的不同浸油程度的绝缘纸板的电导和介电特性及其影响因素进行研究,结果表明,随着浸油水平、温度和工作频率的提高,绝缘纸板的电导电流均将相应增加。
基金Project(2010CB631205)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51034012)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The grain refinement of superalloy IN718 under the action of low voltage pulsed magnetic field was investigated. The experimental results show that fine equiaxed grains are acquired under the action of low voltage pulsed magnetic field. The refinement effect of the pulsed magnetic field is affected by the melt cooling rate and superheating. The decrease of cooling rate and superheating enhance the refinement effect of the low voltage pulsed magnetic field. The magnetic force and the melt flow during solidification are modeled and simulated to reveal the grain refinement mechanism. It is considered that the melt convection caused by the pulsed magnetic field, as well as cooling rate and superheating contributes to the refinement of solidified grains.
文摘为探究雾霾对高压直流(HVDC)输电线路电晕离子流场的影响规律,提出了雾霾对HVDC输电线路电晕离子流场影响的计算方法。考虑雾霾微粒的荷电特性和湿度对电晕起晕的作用,采用有限元方法计算了±800 k V线路在各种雾霾污染等级下的合成电场强度和离子流密度。计算结果表明:随着雾霾污染程度增加,地面合成电场强度和离子流密度相对于正常天气时的值有所增大,在较大污染程度下,其最大值的增长率随污染浓度增大呈近似线性关系;高湿度雾霾状况下的电晕离子流场随污染程度变化比低湿度雾霾和干霾下更加明显。分析认为:雾霾条件下湿度对电晕起始电场强度的影响及空间悬浮颗粒的荷电行为是地面合成电场和离子流密度变化的主要原因,离子迁移率的减小抑制了地面离子流密度的增大。研究思路对考虑雾霾因素时HVDC输电线路规划设计中电晕效应的分析具有参考价值。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51674236)the Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province(2019JH2/10100009)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017-VI-00-0073)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFA0702900).
文摘The low voltage pulsed magnetic field(LVPMF)disrupts the columnar dendrite growth,and the columnarto-equiaxed transition(CET)occurs during the directional solidification of superalloy K4169.Within the pulse voltage ranging from 100Vto 200 V,a transition from columnar to equiaxed grain was observed,and the grain size decreased as the pulse voltage rised.As the pulse frequency increased,the CET occurred,and the grains were refined.However,the grains became coarse,and the solidification structure was columnar crystal again when frequency increased to 10 Hz.The LVPMF had an optimal frequency to promote CET.The LVPMF on the CET was affected by the withdrawal speed and increasing the withdrawal speed enhances the CET.The distribution of electromagnetic force and flow field in the melt under the LVPMF were modeled and simulated to reveal the CET mechanism.It is considered that the CET should be attributed to the coupling effects of magnetic vibration and melt convection induced by the LVPMF.
文摘在变电站现场开展GIS内电压互感器误差校验时,会面临试验一次回路长、GIS管道电容量随管道长短变化等问题,现有试验设备操作复杂且效率低下。通过研究升压试验操作时不同电感补偿方案的影响因素,设计研制了标准电压互感器与带中压补偿试验变压器一体化试验设备,并将其固定安装于新型现场互感器校验车。试验设备使用SF6气体作为绝缘介质。升压装置采用谐振试验变压器,并与标准电压互感器装配于同一气室内部。标准电压互感器设计了特殊结构用于改善系统的不均匀电场分布问题,同时提升了设备使用带中压补偿试验变压器的补偿效果。标准电压互感器与升压器同室对测量结果影响等技术难题得到了有效解决。试验设备配合电动可调电抗器进行试验操作,满足了500 k V电压等级GIS内电压互感现场全电压检测要求,具有可靠性高、操作简便等优点。
