The broad objective of this research was to improve current surface mining practices and reduce negative environmental impact of overburden removal in West Virginia(WV).The specific objectives were to(i)compare conven...The broad objective of this research was to improve current surface mining practices and reduce negative environmental impact of overburden removal in West Virginia(WV).The specific objectives were to(i)compare conventional surface mining method(drilling,blasting,digging,and loading)to a surface miner(SM)method,and(ii)apply the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to help select the optimal mining method based on production,cost and environmental criteria.The design and the procedures used in this research involve five interrelated modules:(i)rock properties of overburden in WV,(ii)drilling and blasting,(iii)digging and loading,(iv)SM method,and(v)comparative analysis and selection of the optimal mining method by AHP.Results of this research indicate that application of SM method would yield higher cost of overburden removal than conventional mining methods in rocks with a high unconfined compressive strength and abrasivity.A significant advantage of SM method,where applicable,is the elimination of the negative environmental impacts associated with blasting.展开更多
Dear Editor,I am Dr.Daniel Russell Richardson from the West Virginia University Eye Institute in Morgantown,West Virginia,United States.I write to present a case of uveitis associated with nivolumab,which is a promisi...Dear Editor,I am Dr.Daniel Russell Richardson from the West Virginia University Eye Institute in Morgantown,West Virginia,United States.I write to present a case of uveitis associated with nivolumab,which is a promising new immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI）for metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma with expanding indications.As the use of nivolumab continues to increase,ophthalmologists must be aware of uveitis as an adverse event.展开更多
This article discusses the impact of the Post-Impressionist Exhibition that Roger Fry organized in London in 1910 on Virginia Woolf's ideas on the novel.Her dissatisfaction with the state of the genre finds expres...This article discusses the impact of the Post-Impressionist Exhibition that Roger Fry organized in London in 1910 on Virginia Woolf's ideas on the novel.Her dissatisfaction with the state of the genre finds expression in her diary and in her criticism of the work of the Edwardian novelists.Jacob's Room(1922),her first truly experimental novel,deploys some of the painterly techniques that the post-impressionist painters and vanguard movements of the 1910s effected.It represents a decisive step in her search for a new form for a new novel.展开更多
Anna Snaith is Professor of Twentieth-Century Literature at the Department of English,King's College London.A renowned scholar of Virginia Woolf,she has edited a scholarly edition of The Years for Cambridge Univer...Anna Snaith is Professor of Twentieth-Century Literature at the Department of English,King's College London.A renowned scholar of Virginia Woolf,she has edited a scholarly edition of The Years for Cambridge University Press,and A Room of One's Own and Three Guineas(Oxford World Classics).Her major publications include Modernist Voyages:Colonial Women Writers in London,1890-1945(Cambridge UP,2014)and an edited collection,Sound and Literature(Cambridge UP,2020).Her research interests include modernist women writers,modernism and colonialism,and literary sounds.In this interview,Snaith answers questions about her recent exploration of literary sound studies.She talks about how Woolf's writings inspire her attention to sound,concisely introduces the key works and scholars in the field,and discusses the challenges of working on interdisciplinary projects with scholars from diverse fields.It is important,she believes,to name this field because the literary has conventionally been sidelined in sound studies.Sound is crucial for understanding modernism because the modernist era coincided with a revolution in sonic media and technology.She points out literary scholars can contribute to sound studies by combining close linguistic analysis of the representation of sound with a broader analysis of its cultural and social significance in the world.展开更多
Background:Mercury(Hg) and methylmercury are widely considered significant issues for wildlife,and in particular,piscivorous birds due to their widespread availability and neurotoxic properties.Whereas a substantial n...Background:Mercury(Hg) and methylmercury are widely considered significant issues for wildlife,and in particular,piscivorous birds due to their widespread availability and neurotoxic properties.Whereas a substantial number of studies of Hg contamination of Bald Eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been conducted throughout the east coast of the United States,little has been done that directly addresses Hg contamination in Bald Eagles in Virginia,particularly the inland population.Methods:We collected blood and feather samples from nestling Bald Eagles in the coastal plain,piedmont,and western regions of Virginia in an effort to determine which areas of the state were more likely to contain populations showing evidence of Hg toxicity.We analyzed the samples for total Hg using a Milestone DMA-80.Results:Samples collected from individuals located in the coastal region exhibited low concentrations of Hg compared to those further inland located on freshwater rivers and reservoirs.Samples collected from the inland population exhibited levels in some areas that are approaching what may be considered to be sub-lethal to avian health(blood:mean 0.324 mg/kg,SE = 0.13,range = 0.06-0.97 mg/kg;feather:mean = 8.433 mg/kg,SE = 0.3,range = 3.811-21.14 mg/kg).Conclusions:Even after accounting for known point-sources of Hg,the inland eagle population in Virginia is susceptible to concentrations of Hg that are significantly higher than their coastal counterparts.Moreover,several locations besides those currently known to be impacted by point-sources are exhibiting concentrations that are approaching a sub-lethal level.展开更多
An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as co...An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as compared to traditional methods. This method uses isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization and is significantly more sensitive than traditional methods. It also shows no evidence of artifactual formation of TSNAs. Sample concentrations were determined for four TSNAs in mainstream smoke using two isotopically labeled TSNAs analogues as internal standards. Mainstream smoke was collected on an industry standard 44-ram Cambridge filter pad, extracted with 0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed without further sample cleanup. The analytical column is a 3.9 mm×150 mm Waters Symmertry Shield RP18 column and volume fraction of the mobile phase is 50% methanol, 50% water containing 0.1% acetic acid. The results show that the linear range is 0.5-100.0 mg/L except for N-nitrosoanabasine （NAB） from 0.25 to 50.0 mg/L. The limits of detection are 0.1 mg/L for N-nitrosonornicotine （NNN）, 0.08 mg/L for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1- （3-py-ridyl）-1-butanone （NNK）, 0.05 mg/L for N-nitrosoanatabine （NAT） and 0.06 mg/L for NAB. The recoveries of the four TSNAs are from 90.2% to 105.7%.展开更多
评价理论是在系统功能语法的基础上发展而来的,可看作是一种语篇研究的新视角,是对人际功能的深化和拓展。作为评价理论研究的语料多取材于小说、新闻报道或其它应用型语篇。本文用评价理论对Virginia Woolf的散文《Professions for Wo...评价理论是在系统功能语法的基础上发展而来的,可看作是一种语篇研究的新视角,是对人际功能的深化和拓展。作为评价理论研究的语料多取材于小说、新闻报道或其它应用型语篇。本文用评价理论对Virginia Woolf的散文《Professions for Women》的第一段进行了分析,以揭示评价理论在散文语篇中的适用性及Woolf散文的特点是如何通过评价理论得以体现的。展开更多
Toni Morrison's Sula is written under the background of the Civil Rights Movement and the second wave of feminist movement.The novel mainly portrays two black female characters'whole life.The main character Su...Toni Morrison's Sula is written under the background of the Civil Rights Movement and the second wave of feminist movement.The novel mainly portrays two black female characters'whole life.The main character Sula's life is a lifelong fight.This thesis mainly analyzes Toni Morrison's Sula from a feminist approach,especially from the angle of androgyny.展开更多
In A Room of One's Own,Virginia Woolf argued her famous proposition that a woman needed to have a room of her own to achieve literary autonomy,and laid the foundation for present-day feminist criticism.Yet the aut...In A Room of One's Own,Virginia Woolf argued her famous proposition that a woman needed to have a room of her own to achieve literary autonomy,and laid the foundation for present-day feminist criticism.Yet the author believes that economic independent does not foster women's identity with certainty.In this thesis,the author explores the crucial place of spiritual and economic independence in building up women's autonomy through analyzing Michael Cunningham Pulitzerwinning work The Hours,which he draws inventively on the life of Virginia Woolf and her work Mrs.Dalloway.展开更多
Mrs.Dalloway is one of the famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is perceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are the two pr...Mrs.Dalloway is one of the famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is perceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are the two protagonists in this novel.From analyzing the relationship of Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith in terms of the meaning of life and death,this thesis aims to explore the author's and the protagonists' inner conflicts and the significance of life and death.展开更多
This paper studies a short fiction of Virginia Woolf The Mark on the Wall.Woolf held the literary theory "moments of being" and believed that the moments ordinary enough in itself had an extraordinary effect...This paper studies a short fiction of Virginia Woolf The Mark on the Wall.Woolf held the literary theory "moments of being" and believed that the moments ordinary enough in itself had an extraordinary effect on people's imagination.Based on many diaries,essays and fictions of Woolf,and the related literature review,this paper analyzes the "moments of being" represented in The Mark on the Wall.It's is found that the moments of being are truth of being,both the external word and inner world.Woolf catches her mind sparks,seeks the truth and free thinking in each moment during her life.展开更多
基金The research work in this paper is financially supported by the West Virginia Coal and Energy Research Bureau(CERB).
文摘The broad objective of this research was to improve current surface mining practices and reduce negative environmental impact of overburden removal in West Virginia(WV).The specific objectives were to(i)compare conventional surface mining method(drilling,blasting,digging,and loading)to a surface miner(SM)method,and(ii)apply the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to help select the optimal mining method based on production,cost and environmental criteria.The design and the procedures used in this research involve five interrelated modules:(i)rock properties of overburden in WV,(ii)drilling and blasting,(iii)digging and loading,(iv)SM method,and(v)comparative analysis and selection of the optimal mining method by AHP.Results of this research indicate that application of SM method would yield higher cost of overburden removal than conventional mining methods in rocks with a high unconfined compressive strength and abrasivity.A significant advantage of SM method,where applicable,is the elimination of the negative environmental impacts associated with blasting.
文摘Dear Editor,I am Dr.Daniel Russell Richardson from the West Virginia University Eye Institute in Morgantown,West Virginia,United States.I write to present a case of uveitis associated with nivolumab,which is a promising new immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI）for metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma with expanding indications.As the use of nivolumab continues to increase,ophthalmologists must be aware of uveitis as an adverse event.
文摘This article discusses the impact of the Post-Impressionist Exhibition that Roger Fry organized in London in 1910 on Virginia Woolf's ideas on the novel.Her dissatisfaction with the state of the genre finds expression in her diary and in her criticism of the work of the Edwardian novelists.Jacob's Room(1922),her first truly experimental novel,deploys some of the painterly techniques that the post-impressionist painters and vanguard movements of the 1910s effected.It represents a decisive step in her search for a new form for a new novel.
文摘Anna Snaith is Professor of Twentieth-Century Literature at the Department of English,King's College London.A renowned scholar of Virginia Woolf,she has edited a scholarly edition of The Years for Cambridge University Press,and A Room of One's Own and Three Guineas(Oxford World Classics).Her major publications include Modernist Voyages:Colonial Women Writers in London,1890-1945(Cambridge UP,2014)and an edited collection,Sound and Literature(Cambridge UP,2020).Her research interests include modernist women writers,modernism and colonialism,and literary sounds.In this interview,Snaith answers questions about her recent exploration of literary sound studies.She talks about how Woolf's writings inspire her attention to sound,concisely introduces the key works and scholars in the field,and discusses the challenges of working on interdisciplinary projects with scholars from diverse fields.It is important,she believes,to name this field because the literary has conventionally been sidelined in sound studies.Sound is crucial for understanding modernism because the modernist era coincided with a revolution in sonic media and technology.She points out literary scholars can contribute to sound studies by combining close linguistic analysis of the representation of sound with a broader analysis of its cultural and social significance in the world.
基金supported under the US Environmental Protection Agency-Science to Acheive Results(STAR) Fellowship Program#F6C20816the Virginia Dept.of Game and Inland Fisheries
文摘Background:Mercury(Hg) and methylmercury are widely considered significant issues for wildlife,and in particular,piscivorous birds due to their widespread availability and neurotoxic properties.Whereas a substantial number of studies of Hg contamination of Bald Eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been conducted throughout the east coast of the United States,little has been done that directly addresses Hg contamination in Bald Eagles in Virginia,particularly the inland population.Methods:We collected blood and feather samples from nestling Bald Eagles in the coastal plain,piedmont,and western regions of Virginia in an effort to determine which areas of the state were more likely to contain populations showing evidence of Hg toxicity.We analyzed the samples for total Hg using a Milestone DMA-80.Results:Samples collected from individuals located in the coastal region exhibited low concentrations of Hg compared to those further inland located on freshwater rivers and reservoirs.Samples collected from the inland population exhibited levels in some areas that are approaching what may be considered to be sub-lethal to avian health(blood:mean 0.324 mg/kg,SE = 0.13,range = 0.06-0.97 mg/kg;feather:mean = 8.433 mg/kg,SE = 0.3,range = 3.811-21.14 mg/kg).Conclusions:Even after accounting for known point-sources of Hg,the inland eagle population in Virginia is susceptible to concentrations of Hg that are significantly higher than their coastal counterparts.Moreover,several locations besides those currently known to be impacted by point-sources are exhibiting concentrations that are approaching a sub-lethal level.
基金Project(2005JC02) supported by China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation Limited
文摘An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as compared to traditional methods. This method uses isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization and is significantly more sensitive than traditional methods. It also shows no evidence of artifactual formation of TSNAs. Sample concentrations were determined for four TSNAs in mainstream smoke using two isotopically labeled TSNAs analogues as internal standards. Mainstream smoke was collected on an industry standard 44-ram Cambridge filter pad, extracted with 0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed without further sample cleanup. The analytical column is a 3.9 mm×150 mm Waters Symmertry Shield RP18 column and volume fraction of the mobile phase is 50% methanol, 50% water containing 0.1% acetic acid. The results show that the linear range is 0.5-100.0 mg/L except for N-nitrosoanabasine （NAB） from 0.25 to 50.0 mg/L. The limits of detection are 0.1 mg/L for N-nitrosonornicotine （NNN）, 0.08 mg/L for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1- （3-py-ridyl）-1-butanone （NNK）, 0.05 mg/L for N-nitrosoanatabine （NAT） and 0.06 mg/L for NAB. The recoveries of the four TSNAs are from 90.2% to 105.7%.
文摘评价理论是在系统功能语法的基础上发展而来的,可看作是一种语篇研究的新视角,是对人际功能的深化和拓展。作为评价理论研究的语料多取材于小说、新闻报道或其它应用型语篇。本文用评价理论对Virginia Woolf的散文《Professions for Women》的第一段进行了分析,以揭示评价理论在散文语篇中的适用性及Woolf散文的特点是如何通过评价理论得以体现的。
文摘Toni Morrison's Sula is written under the background of the Civil Rights Movement and the second wave of feminist movement.The novel mainly portrays two black female characters'whole life.The main character Sula's life is a lifelong fight.This thesis mainly analyzes Toni Morrison's Sula from a feminist approach,especially from the angle of androgyny.
文摘In A Room of One's Own,Virginia Woolf argued her famous proposition that a woman needed to have a room of her own to achieve literary autonomy,and laid the foundation for present-day feminist criticism.Yet the author believes that economic independent does not foster women's identity with certainty.In this thesis,the author explores the crucial place of spiritual and economic independence in building up women's autonomy through analyzing Michael Cunningham Pulitzerwinning work The Hours,which he draws inventively on the life of Virginia Woolf and her work Mrs.Dalloway.
文摘Mrs.Dalloway is one of the famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is perceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are the two protagonists in this novel.From analyzing the relationship of Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith in terms of the meaning of life and death,this thesis aims to explore the author's and the protagonists' inner conflicts and the significance of life and death.
文摘This paper studies a short fiction of Virginia Woolf The Mark on the Wall.Woolf held the literary theory "moments of being" and believed that the moments ordinary enough in itself had an extraordinary effect on people's imagination.Based on many diaries,essays and fictions of Woolf,and the related literature review,this paper analyzes the "moments of being" represented in The Mark on the Wall.It's is found that the moments of being are truth of being,both the external word and inner world.Woolf catches her mind sparks,seeks the truth and free thinking in each moment during her life.
