【目的】确定放线菌JXJ-0136的分类地位,分析其溶解不溶性磷的能力,在作物根际土壤定殖的情况及对蔬菜种子萌发、幼苗生长和蔬菜产量的影响,评价该菌在研制微生物肥料方面的潜在应用价值。【方法】利用培养特征、形态学特征和16S rRNA...【目的】确定放线菌JXJ-0136的分类地位,分析其溶解不溶性磷的能力,在作物根际土壤定殖的情况及对蔬菜种子萌发、幼苗生长和蔬菜产量的影响,评价该菌在研制微生物肥料方面的潜在应用价值。【方法】利用培养特征、形态学特征和16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析,初步确定菌株JXJ-0136的分类学地位;以白菜和豇豆为指示植物,采用琼脂平板法,研究该菌对蔬菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响;采用田间栽培试验,研究菌株对作物生长和产量的影响,测定栽培前后土壤总磷的含量,分析该菌对作物利用土壤磷效率的影响,并对作物根际土壤微生物进行分离纯化,分析该菌在根际土壤中的定殖情况;采用液体纯培养方式,研究菌株对不溶性无机磷和有机磷的溶解效率,分析其解磷机理。【结果】放线菌JXJ-0136在6—45℃、pH 4.0—13.0和0—4%(w/v)的盐浓度下均能生长,其中最适生长温度、pH和盐浓度分别约为28℃、p H 8.0和1%(w/v),在ISP2培养基上该菌气丝较发达,灰白色,孢子丝簇生,孢子长卵圆形;该菌16S rRNA基因序列与链霉菌Streptomyces violascens、S.somaliensis、S.hydrogenans、S.albidoflavus和S.daghestanicus的亲缘关系最近,相似性依次为97.98%、97.71%、97.30%、97.23%和97.03%,但在系统进化树上与这些菌聚在不同分支上;该菌培养液能够显著提高作物种子萌发率,促进幼苗生长,在0.2%—0.8%的剂量下,白菜种子萌发率、幼苗株高和根长分别比对照组增加3.55%—12.61%、13.91%—53.03%和7.37%—51.92%,豇豆种子萌发率、幼苗株高和根长分别比对照组增加4.71%—21.18%、3.60%—22.33%和2.37%—20.08%;田间栽培试验显示,该菌能够定殖于根际土壤,促进作物对土壤磷的利用,提高作物产量,当每穴施加5 m L该菌培养液,试验结束时,白菜和豇豆试验组的土壤总磷含量分别下降(23.56±2.65)%和(37.10±1.98)%,分别为对照组的(1.77±0.29)和(2.70±0.15展开更多
This study explores the use of genetic variability for advancing the genetic improvement of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), particularly in response to insect infestation stress. Over a period spanning 2015 to 2...This study explores the use of genetic variability for advancing the genetic improvement of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), particularly in response to insect infestation stress. Over a period spanning 2015 to 2017, forty accessions of cowpeas were evaluated to determine their variability under both insecticide spray and no insecticide spray conditions at the Teachings and Research Farms, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The accessions were evaluated for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of days of 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. Data collected were subjected to principal component and single linkage cluster analyses. Principal axis I (PCA1) accounted for 39% and 35% under insecticide spray and no insecticide spray respectively to the total variation in the accessions. Plant height with a factor score of 0.38, leaf length (0.41), number of leaves (0.37), and 100-seed, weight (0.30) was related to PCAI under insecticide spray while leaf width (0.32). Pod length (0.37) and number of seeds/plant (0.38) were significant to PCA1 under no insecticide spray. Notably, accessions such as SAMPEA6, SAMPEA10, IFE-Brown, and IFE-BPE exhibited consistent performance across both conditions, while others displayed condition-specific attributes. For instance, NGB1063, NGB1152, and NGB1093 demonstrated distinct traits under insecticide spray, while NGB1146 and NGB1124 exhibited notable characteristics under no insecticide spray conditions. Therefore, identifying these forty accessions with desirable traits hold promise for future genetic improvement efforts of cowpea cultivation in Nigeria and beyond.展开更多
Cowpea yield improvement is done by adding agricultural inputs. The use of natural substances as pesticides is being encouraged to fight against cowpea field pests. The pesticidal potentials of Azadirachta indica and ...Cowpea yield improvement is done by adding agricultural inputs. The use of natural substances as pesticides is being encouraged to fight against cowpea field pests. The pesticidal potentials of Azadirachta indica and Boswellia dalzielii water extracts, Metarhizium anisopliae, alone and in combination with plant extracts, and a commercial synthetic pesticide (Decis<sup>®</sup>) were tested in field on two varieties of cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata in two agroecological zones (Guinean Savanah and Sahelian Savanah) of Cameroon. The field trials were carried out in a full randomized block design including nine treatments and a control. Four replications were made concerning the different treatments and control. At the flowering stage, the cowpea field was sprayed three times with different pesticidal formulations at the interval of five days. The number of ramifications per plant, and that of pods per block and seed yield were determined. The pesticide formulations considerably (p ®</sup>). Bafia variety treated with the combination of M. anisopliae and A. indica recorded the highest ramification rate (37.03 ± 1.59) in Maroua (Sahelian Savanah). The same variety also produced more important pods number (90.50 ± 16.66) in Ngaoundere (Guinean Savanah) with the binary combination of two plants used in this experiment. The highest seed yield (44.23 ± 2.31) was recorded in Ngaoundere with B125 variety treated with the combination of the three pesticidal formulations separately (A. indica, B. dalzielii, M. anisopliae). The plant products used in this work, M. anisopliae and their mixtures could supersede the synthetic pesticides considering environmental issue in cowpea crop protection. Then, such formulations would not only improve crop productivity but also preserve environment from the pollution due to the use of synthetic residual chemicals.展开更多
文摘【目的】确定放线菌JXJ-0136的分类地位,分析其溶解不溶性磷的能力,在作物根际土壤定殖的情况及对蔬菜种子萌发、幼苗生长和蔬菜产量的影响,评价该菌在研制微生物肥料方面的潜在应用价值。【方法】利用培养特征、形态学特征和16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析,初步确定菌株JXJ-0136的分类学地位;以白菜和豇豆为指示植物,采用琼脂平板法,研究该菌对蔬菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响;采用田间栽培试验,研究菌株对作物生长和产量的影响,测定栽培前后土壤总磷的含量,分析该菌对作物利用土壤磷效率的影响,并对作物根际土壤微生物进行分离纯化,分析该菌在根际土壤中的定殖情况;采用液体纯培养方式,研究菌株对不溶性无机磷和有机磷的溶解效率,分析其解磷机理。【结果】放线菌JXJ-0136在6—45℃、pH 4.0—13.0和0—4%(w/v)的盐浓度下均能生长,其中最适生长温度、pH和盐浓度分别约为28℃、p H 8.0和1%(w/v),在ISP2培养基上该菌气丝较发达,灰白色,孢子丝簇生,孢子长卵圆形;该菌16S rRNA基因序列与链霉菌Streptomyces violascens、S.somaliensis、S.hydrogenans、S.albidoflavus和S.daghestanicus的亲缘关系最近,相似性依次为97.98%、97.71%、97.30%、97.23%和97.03%,但在系统进化树上与这些菌聚在不同分支上;该菌培养液能够显著提高作物种子萌发率,促进幼苗生长,在0.2%—0.8%的剂量下,白菜种子萌发率、幼苗株高和根长分别比对照组增加3.55%—12.61%、13.91%—53.03%和7.37%—51.92%,豇豆种子萌发率、幼苗株高和根长分别比对照组增加4.71%—21.18%、3.60%—22.33%和2.37%—20.08%;田间栽培试验显示,该菌能够定殖于根际土壤,促进作物对土壤磷的利用,提高作物产量,当每穴施加5 m L该菌培养液,试验结束时,白菜和豇豆试验组的土壤总磷含量分别下降(23.56±2.65)%和(37.10±1.98)%,分别为对照组的(1.77±0.29)和(2.70±0.15
文摘This study explores the use of genetic variability for advancing the genetic improvement of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), particularly in response to insect infestation stress. Over a period spanning 2015 to 2017, forty accessions of cowpeas were evaluated to determine their variability under both insecticide spray and no insecticide spray conditions at the Teachings and Research Farms, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The accessions were evaluated for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of days of 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. Data collected were subjected to principal component and single linkage cluster analyses. Principal axis I (PCA1) accounted for 39% and 35% under insecticide spray and no insecticide spray respectively to the total variation in the accessions. Plant height with a factor score of 0.38, leaf length (0.41), number of leaves (0.37), and 100-seed, weight (0.30) was related to PCAI under insecticide spray while leaf width (0.32). Pod length (0.37) and number of seeds/plant (0.38) were significant to PCA1 under no insecticide spray. Notably, accessions such as SAMPEA6, SAMPEA10, IFE-Brown, and IFE-BPE exhibited consistent performance across both conditions, while others displayed condition-specific attributes. For instance, NGB1063, NGB1152, and NGB1093 demonstrated distinct traits under insecticide spray, while NGB1146 and NGB1124 exhibited notable characteristics under no insecticide spray conditions. Therefore, identifying these forty accessions with desirable traits hold promise for future genetic improvement efforts of cowpea cultivation in Nigeria and beyond.
文摘Cowpea yield improvement is done by adding agricultural inputs. The use of natural substances as pesticides is being encouraged to fight against cowpea field pests. The pesticidal potentials of Azadirachta indica and Boswellia dalzielii water extracts, Metarhizium anisopliae, alone and in combination with plant extracts, and a commercial synthetic pesticide (Decis<sup>®</sup>) were tested in field on two varieties of cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata in two agroecological zones (Guinean Savanah and Sahelian Savanah) of Cameroon. The field trials were carried out in a full randomized block design including nine treatments and a control. Four replications were made concerning the different treatments and control. At the flowering stage, the cowpea field was sprayed three times with different pesticidal formulations at the interval of five days. The number of ramifications per plant, and that of pods per block and seed yield were determined. The pesticide formulations considerably (p ®</sup>). Bafia variety treated with the combination of M. anisopliae and A. indica recorded the highest ramification rate (37.03 ± 1.59) in Maroua (Sahelian Savanah). The same variety also produced more important pods number (90.50 ± 16.66) in Ngaoundere (Guinean Savanah) with the binary combination of two plants used in this experiment. The highest seed yield (44.23 ± 2.31) was recorded in Ngaoundere with B125 variety treated with the combination of the three pesticidal formulations separately (A. indica, B. dalzielii, M. anisopliae). The plant products used in this work, M. anisopliae and their mixtures could supersede the synthetic pesticides considering environmental issue in cowpea crop protection. Then, such formulations would not only improve crop productivity but also preserve environment from the pollution due to the use of synthetic residual chemicals.
