BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is known to be essential to the survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are an important angiogenic factor regulating tumor angioge...BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is known to be essential to the survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are an important angiogenic factor regulating tumor angiogenesis, but its significance and tumor pathologic features are un- clear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we analyzed expression of tissue VEGF, alteration of microvascular density (MVD) in microvessel angiogenesis, development and metastasis of HCC, and level of serum VEGF in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liv- er diseases. METHODS: Tumor specimens were prospectively collected from HCC patients undergoing resection. Total RNAs were extracted and the expression levels were detected from different parts of HCC tissues. The cellular distributions of VEGF and MVD of liver tumors and their paracancerous and distal cancerous tissues were investigated by streptavi- din peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemistry, respectively. The VEGF levels of circulating blood and hepatoma tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The incidence of VEGF expression was 63.9% in HCCs (23/36 cases), 78.3% in non-encapsulated HCCs (18/23), and 90.9% in HCCs with extrahepatic metastasis (10/11), respectively. The VEGF expression was tightly correlated with MVD (P <0.01). The MVD in HCC with metastasis, low differentiation or non-encapsulation was significantly higher than that in HCC with intact capsule, high differentiation, or no metastasis. No significant diffe- rence was found between VEGF, MVD, tumor size, and hepatitis virus infection. The level of total RNA in HCC tis- sues was significantly lower but the VEGF level significantly higher than those in paracancerous or distal cancerous ones (P<0.01). The abnormal expression levels of VEGF in sera of HCC patients were directly correlated with the me- tastasis and recurrence of tumors. CONCLUSION: The high expression of VEGF and abnor- mality of tissue MVD are useful predictors for vascular inva- sion and metastas展开更多
Background An important aspect of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is loss or impairment of cholinergic neurons It is controversial whether there is a similar cholinergic impairment and cerebral deficit of acetylcholine (...Background An important aspect of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is loss or impairment of cholinergic neurons It is controversial whether there is a similar cholinergic impairment and cerebral deficit of acetylcholine (ACh) in the case of vascular dementia (VD) The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of ACh and choline (Ch) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and VD, and their possible relationship with cognitive impairment KH*2/5DMethods Twenty-two AD patients, twenty-two VD patients, and twenty normal controls were recruited and scored with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) CSF concentrations of ACh and Ch were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) and the results were then compared to cognitive status Results ACh concentrations in CSF of AD patients [(10 7±5 1) nmol/L] and VD patients [(16 8±7 4) nmol/L] were both significantly lower than in controls [(34 5±9 0) nmol/L, t =10 67, P <0 001; t =6 91, P <0 001] Both results correlated positively with MMSE scores ( r s =0 88 and r s =0 85, respectively, P <0 01) The CSF concentration of Ch was significantly higher in VD patients [(887 4±187 4) nmol/L] compared to AD patients [(627 6±145 1) nmol/L, t =6 4, P <0 001] and controls [(716 0±159 4) nmol/L, t =4 2, P =0 002] CSF Ch concentration showed no difference between AD patients and normal controls, nor did it correlate with MMSE score in any of the three groups Conclusions The positive correlation between ACh deficit and cognitive impairment suggests that ACh is an important neurotransmitter for memory The similar decrease in ACh concentration in AD and VD patients may imply a similar pathogenesis for the process of cognitive impairment involved in these two disorders The elevated CSF levels of Ch in VD patients compared to AD patients may be useful diagnostically Cholinesterase inhibitors may be helpful not only for AD patients, but als展开更多
Objectives To determine the pre-therapeutic serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to elucidate the relation between the serum level and clinical ...Objectives To determine the pre-therapeutic serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to elucidate the relation between the serum level and clinical characteristics and metastasis of HCC. Methods One-hundred and fifteen HCC patients, 40 patients with benign liver lesions, and 30 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The serum VEGF level was measured with the quantitative sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, R&D systems). Results The serum VEGF levels in the HCC group (465.62±336.24 pg/ml) was significantly elevated as compared with those in patients with benign liver lesions (159.54±120.58 pg/ml) and those in normal controls (123.53±51.84 pg/ml). The VEGF levels were not significantly different between the patients with benign liver lesions and the normal controls. The serum VEGF levels showed a positive rate of 77.4%, 25%, and 3.3% in the HCC patients, benign liver lesion patients and normal controls, respectively. In the 115 HCC patients, the serum VEGF levels in patients with portal vein (PV) emboli (n=26, 582.76±441.89 pg/ml), with metastasis (n=43, 548.29±438.57 pg/ml) or with large HCC lesions (≥5 cm in diameter) (n=69, 554.43±369.99 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those without PV-emboli (n=89, 431.39±292.84 pg/ml), without metastasis (n=72, 416.24±247.27 pg/ml) or with small HCC lesions (n=42, 328.67±227.47 pg/ml). The serum VEGF levels in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳa and Ⅳb HCC patients were 340.6 pg/ml, 451.55±307.84 pg/ml, 397.44±257.18 pg/ml, 486.10±397.73 pg/ml and 647.93±344.56 pg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The pre-therapeutic serum VEGF levels in HCC patients appear to reflect the disease’s potential activity of vascular invasion and metastasis.展开更多
AIM: To study the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the impact on neovascularization and survival. METHODS: Express...AIM: To study the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the impact on neovascularization and survival. METHODS: Expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and microvessel density (MVD) are studied through immunohistochemistry in 36 cases of HCC and the corresponding paraneoplastic tissue and 6 cases of normal liver tissue. The relationship of the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF with the clinicopathological data and survival are analyzed. RESULTS: The positive rate of VEGF in HCC was 32/36, which is significantly higher than that in paraneoplastic tissue and normal liver tissue (P<0.05). The expression of HIF-1aaaaaa in HCC tissue is 24/36, also higher than that in paraneoplastic tissue and normal liver tissue (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in HCC with microscopic venous invasion is significantly higher than that in HCC without microscopic venous invasion (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis does not only show the expression of HIF-1α as correlated with the expression of VEGF (rs = 0.459, P<0.01), but it also shows the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF as correlated with MVD (rs=0.412 and 0.336, respectively, P<0.05). The differences of the survival rates among VEGF positive group and VEGF negative group are significant (P<0.05), whereas the differences of the survival rates among the HIF-1α negative group and positive group are not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: HIF-1α plays important roles in neovascularization in HCC possibly through regulation of VEGF transcription.展开更多
AIM To investigate the correlation of iodine concentration(IC) generated by spectral computed tomography(CT) with micro-vessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in patients with adva...AIM To investigate the correlation of iodine concentration(IC) generated by spectral computed tomography(CT) with micro-vessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma(GC).METHODS Thirty-four advanced GC patients underwent abdominal enhanced CT in the gemstone spectral imaging mode. The IC of the primary lesion in the arterial phase(AP) and venous phase(VP) were measured, and were then normalized against that in the aorta to provide the normalized IC(nI C). MVD and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemical assays, using CD34 and VEGF-A antibodies, respectively. Correlations of nI C with MVD, VEGF, and clinical-pathological features were analyzed.RESULTS Both nI Cs correlated linearly with MVD and were higher in the primary lesion site than in the normal control site, but were not correlated with VEGF expression. After stratification by clinical-pathological subtypes, nI C-AP showed a statistically significant correlation with MVD, particularly in the group with tumors at stage T4, without nodular involvement, of a mixed Lauren type, where the tumor was located at the antrum site, and occurred in female individuals. nI C-VP showed a positive correlation with MVD in the group with the tumor at stage T4 and above, had nodular involvement, was poorly differentiated, was located at the pylorus site, of a mixed and diffused Lauren subtype, and occurred in male individuals. nI C-AP and nI C-VP showed significant differences in terms of histological differentiation and Lauren subtype.CONCLUSION The IC detected by spectral CT correlated with the MVD. n IC-AP and n IC-VP can reflect angiogenesis in different pathological subgroups of advanced GC.展开更多
基金This study was supported in part by grant from the KeyProject Foundation of Medical Sciences of Jiangsu province(RC2003100)
文摘BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is known to be essential to the survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are an important angiogenic factor regulating tumor angiogenesis, but its significance and tumor pathologic features are un- clear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we analyzed expression of tissue VEGF, alteration of microvascular density (MVD) in microvessel angiogenesis, development and metastasis of HCC, and level of serum VEGF in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liv- er diseases. METHODS: Tumor specimens were prospectively collected from HCC patients undergoing resection. Total RNAs were extracted and the expression levels were detected from different parts of HCC tissues. The cellular distributions of VEGF and MVD of liver tumors and their paracancerous and distal cancerous tissues were investigated by streptavi- din peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemistry, respectively. The VEGF levels of circulating blood and hepatoma tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The incidence of VEGF expression was 63.9% in HCCs (23/36 cases), 78.3% in non-encapsulated HCCs (18/23), and 90.9% in HCCs with extrahepatic metastasis (10/11), respectively. The VEGF expression was tightly correlated with MVD (P <0.01). The MVD in HCC with metastasis, low differentiation or non-encapsulation was significantly higher than that in HCC with intact capsule, high differentiation, or no metastasis. No significant diffe- rence was found between VEGF, MVD, tumor size, and hepatitis virus infection. The level of total RNA in HCC tis- sues was significantly lower but the VEGF level significantly higher than those in paracancerous or distal cancerous ones (P<0.01). The abnormal expression levels of VEGF in sera of HCC patients were directly correlated with the me- tastasis and recurrence of tumors. CONCLUSION: The high expression of VEGF and abnor- mality of tissue MVD are useful predictors for vascular inva- sion and metastas
基金ThisworkwassupportedbyBeijingMedicalDevelopmentFunds (No .ZD199812 )
文摘Background An important aspect of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is loss or impairment of cholinergic neurons It is controversial whether there is a similar cholinergic impairment and cerebral deficit of acetylcholine (ACh) in the case of vascular dementia (VD) The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of ACh and choline (Ch) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and VD, and their possible relationship with cognitive impairment KH*2/5DMethods Twenty-two AD patients, twenty-two VD patients, and twenty normal controls were recruited and scored with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) CSF concentrations of ACh and Ch were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) and the results were then compared to cognitive status Results ACh concentrations in CSF of AD patients [(10 7±5 1) nmol/L] and VD patients [(16 8±7 4) nmol/L] were both significantly lower than in controls [(34 5±9 0) nmol/L, t =10 67, P <0 001; t =6 91, P <0 001] Both results correlated positively with MMSE scores ( r s =0 88 and r s =0 85, respectively, P <0 01) The CSF concentration of Ch was significantly higher in VD patients [(887 4±187 4) nmol/L] compared to AD patients [(627 6±145 1) nmol/L, t =6 4, P <0 001] and controls [(716 0±159 4) nmol/L, t =4 2, P =0 002] CSF Ch concentration showed no difference between AD patients and normal controls, nor did it correlate with MMSE score in any of the three groups Conclusions The positive correlation between ACh deficit and cognitive impairment suggests that ACh is an important neurotransmitter for memory The similar decrease in ACh concentration in AD and VD patients may imply a similar pathogenesis for the process of cognitive impairment involved in these two disorders The elevated CSF levels of Ch in VD patients compared to AD patients may be useful diagnostically Cholinesterase inhibitors may be helpful not only for AD patients, but als
文摘Objectives To determine the pre-therapeutic serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to elucidate the relation between the serum level and clinical characteristics and metastasis of HCC. Methods One-hundred and fifteen HCC patients, 40 patients with benign liver lesions, and 30 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The serum VEGF level was measured with the quantitative sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, R&D systems). Results The serum VEGF levels in the HCC group (465.62±336.24 pg/ml) was significantly elevated as compared with those in patients with benign liver lesions (159.54±120.58 pg/ml) and those in normal controls (123.53±51.84 pg/ml). The VEGF levels were not significantly different between the patients with benign liver lesions and the normal controls. The serum VEGF levels showed a positive rate of 77.4%, 25%, and 3.3% in the HCC patients, benign liver lesion patients and normal controls, respectively. In the 115 HCC patients, the serum VEGF levels in patients with portal vein (PV) emboli (n=26, 582.76±441.89 pg/ml), with metastasis (n=43, 548.29±438.57 pg/ml) or with large HCC lesions (≥5 cm in diameter) (n=69, 554.43±369.99 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those without PV-emboli (n=89, 431.39±292.84 pg/ml), without metastasis (n=72, 416.24±247.27 pg/ml) or with small HCC lesions (n=42, 328.67±227.47 pg/ml). The serum VEGF levels in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳa and Ⅳb HCC patients were 340.6 pg/ml, 451.55±307.84 pg/ml, 397.44±257.18 pg/ml, 486.10±397.73 pg/ml and 647.93±344.56 pg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The pre-therapeutic serum VEGF levels in HCC patients appear to reflect the disease’s potential activity of vascular invasion and metastasis.
文摘AIM: To study the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the impact on neovascularization and survival. METHODS: Expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and microvessel density (MVD) are studied through immunohistochemistry in 36 cases of HCC and the corresponding paraneoplastic tissue and 6 cases of normal liver tissue. The relationship of the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF with the clinicopathological data and survival are analyzed. RESULTS: The positive rate of VEGF in HCC was 32/36, which is significantly higher than that in paraneoplastic tissue and normal liver tissue (P<0.05). The expression of HIF-1aaaaaa in HCC tissue is 24/36, also higher than that in paraneoplastic tissue and normal liver tissue (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in HCC with microscopic venous invasion is significantly higher than that in HCC without microscopic venous invasion (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis does not only show the expression of HIF-1α as correlated with the expression of VEGF (rs = 0.459, P<0.01), but it also shows the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF as correlated with MVD (rs=0.412 and 0.336, respectively, P<0.05). The differences of the survival rates among VEGF positive group and VEGF negative group are significant (P<0.05), whereas the differences of the survival rates among the HIF-1α negative group and positive group are not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: HIF-1α plays important roles in neovascularization in HCC possibly through regulation of VEGF transcription.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81271573
文摘AIM To investigate the correlation of iodine concentration(IC) generated by spectral computed tomography(CT) with micro-vessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma(GC).METHODS Thirty-four advanced GC patients underwent abdominal enhanced CT in the gemstone spectral imaging mode. The IC of the primary lesion in the arterial phase(AP) and venous phase(VP) were measured, and were then normalized against that in the aorta to provide the normalized IC(nI C). MVD and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemical assays, using CD34 and VEGF-A antibodies, respectively. Correlations of nI C with MVD, VEGF, and clinical-pathological features were analyzed.RESULTS Both nI Cs correlated linearly with MVD and were higher in the primary lesion site than in the normal control site, but were not correlated with VEGF expression. After stratification by clinical-pathological subtypes, nI C-AP showed a statistically significant correlation with MVD, particularly in the group with tumors at stage T4, without nodular involvement, of a mixed Lauren type, where the tumor was located at the antrum site, and occurred in female individuals. nI C-VP showed a positive correlation with MVD in the group with the tumor at stage T4 and above, had nodular involvement, was poorly differentiated, was located at the pylorus site, of a mixed and diffused Lauren subtype, and occurred in male individuals. nI C-AP and nI C-VP showed significant differences in terms of histological differentiation and Lauren subtype.CONCLUSION The IC detected by spectral CT correlated with the MVD. n IC-AP and n IC-VP can reflect angiogenesis in different pathological subgroups of advanced GC.
