To control and reduce the harm of a gas explosion, a new method is proposed for suppressing gas-explosion propagation in a tunnel by using a vacuum chamber. We studied the suppression effect on gas explosions by placi...To control and reduce the harm of a gas explosion, a new method is proposed for suppressing gas-explosion propagation in a tunnel by using a vacuum chamber. We studied the suppression effect on gas explosions by placing a vacuum chamber at dif-ferent positions along the tunnel. The results indicate that: 1) the vacuum chamber can absorb the explosion wave and explosion energy as much as possible at the beginning of the gas explosion, and; 2) when the vacuum chamber is used the closer it is to the ignition source the more significant the suppression effect. In addition, by using the vacuum chamber: 1) the flame propagation velocity decreases from ultrasonic to subsonic; 2) the flame propagation distance is remarkably shortened; 3) the maximum peak value of overpressure (pm) decreases from 0.34 to 0.17 MPa or less, and; 4) the impulse of the blast wave (I) decreases from 20 to 8 kPa·s or less.展开更多
The vacuum plume effects experimental system （PES） is the first experimental system designed to study the effects of vacuum plume in China. The main equipment, a vacuum chamber of 5.5 m in diameter and 12.8 m in len...The vacuum plume effects experimental system （PES） is the first experimental system designed to study the effects of vacuum plume in China. The main equipment, a vacuum chamber of 5.5 m in diameter and 12.8 m in length, and structure design of hinged door are described. The finite element method （FEM） is adopted to analyze the static strength and stability of the PES vacuum chamber. It is demonstrated that the static strength and stability are qualified. For the 5.5 m diameter vacuum chamber door, three design schemes are put forward. After comparisons are made, the single-axis-double-pin hinged door is selected. The FEM is applied to checking its static strength as well as distortions. The results show that the door’s distortion and displacement change mainly due to the gravity of the door which leads to its sinking. The calculated displacement is less than 7.8 mm, while the actual measurement is 5 mm. The single-axis-double-pin hinged door mechanism completely satisfies the design requirements. This innovative structure can be introduced as a reference for the design of large-scale hinged doors.展开更多
A secondary electron yield test device for vacuum material study is set up,and its detailed design described in this paper.The test results for a few common vacuum materials with and without TiN film coating are prese...A secondary electron yield test device for vacuum material study is set up,and its detailed design described in this paper.The test results for a few common vacuum materials with and without TiN film coating are presented,and the influential factors on secondary electron yield are analyzed.All the work will be helpful to the surface pretreatment of vacuum materials.展开更多
In order to suppress the harm of gas explosion,the current study researched on the body of vacuum chamber.The previous studies verifed that it could obviously lower the explosion overpressure by reasonably arranging v...In order to suppress the harm of gas explosion,the current study researched on the body of vacuum chamber.The previous studies verifed that it could obviously lower the explosion overpressure by reasonably arranging vacuum chamber on pipe.That is to say,the vacuum chamber has the effect of absorbing wave and energy.To further deeply analyze the vacuum chamber suppressing gas explosion,this research designed the L-type pipe of gas explosion,and compared the experimental results of gas explosion with vacuum chamber and without vacuum chamber.Besides,using the gas chromatograph,this study also investigated the gas compositions in the pipe before and after explosion.The results show that:(1)without vacuum chamber,the maximum value of explosion overpressure is 0.22 MPa,with60 ms duration,and after explosion,the concentration of oxygen drops to 12.07%,but the concentration of carbon monoxide increases to 4392.3 10à6,and the concentration of carbon dioxide goes up to7.848%,which can make the persons in danger suffocate and die;(2)with vacuum chamber,explosion overpressure drops to 0.18 MPa,with 20 ms duration or less,and after explosion,the concentration of oxygen still remains 12.07%,but the concentration of methane is 7.83%,however the concentration of carbon monoxide is only 727.24 10à6,and the concentration of carbon dioxide is only 1.219%,at the this moment the concentration ratio of toxic gas drops by more than 83%in comparison to be that without vacuum chamber.Consequently,the vacuum chamber can guarantee that most methane does not take part in chemical reaction,and timely quenches the deflagration reaction of gas and oxygen.Because of the two points mentioned above,it reduces the explosion energy,and lowers that the overpressure of blast wave impacts and damages on the persons and facilities,and also decreases the consumption of oxygen and the production of the toxic gas.Therefore,it is safe to conclude that the vacuum chamber not only absorbs wave and energy,but also prevents and suppresses explosion.展开更多
Ruhrstahl-Hereaeus（RH）上升管内的气液两相流是整个装置的重要动力源,并对钢液的流动、混匀及精炼过程有重要影响.上升管及真空室内的气液两相流决定了钢包内钢液的流动状态,为了研究真空室及上升管内气液两相流,通过1∶6的300 t RH...Ruhrstahl-Hereaeus（RH）上升管内的气液两相流是整个装置的重要动力源,并对钢液的流动、混匀及精炼过程有重要影响.上升管及真空室内的气液两相流决定了钢包内钢液的流动状态,为了研究真空室及上升管内气液两相流,通过1∶6的300 t RH的物理模型模拟了RH上升管及真空室内气泡行为过程,并测量了RH循环流量的变化用于计算上升管内含气率以及气泡运动速度最终得到气泡在真空室内的停留时间,同时记录了气泡在真空室内的存在形式.气泡在真空室的存在形式的主要影响因素为提升气体流量,研究发现了气泡从规则独立的大气泡经历聚合长大,碰撞破碎成小气泡,最后变成小气泡和不规则大气泡共存的现象.液面高度达到80 mm之后,气泡在真空室内的停留时间达到一个平衡值,不再随真空室液面高度的增加而发生改变.当提升气体量达3000 L·min-1,气泡停留时间减小趋势弱,对应3000 L·min-1情况下,真空室内气泡开始聚合长大.研究认为对于300 t RH的真空室液面高度应为80 mm,提升气体量应在3500 L·min-1左右,优化后,脱碳时间由原工艺的21.4 min缩短至现工艺的17.5 min.展开更多
基金Projects 50534090 and 50674090 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China2006BAK03B05 by the National "Eleventh Five" Scien-tific and Technology Key Program of China+1 种基金2005CB221503 by the National Basic Research Program of China2007A001 by the Scientific Research Foundation of China University of Mining & Technology
文摘To control and reduce the harm of a gas explosion, a new method is proposed for suppressing gas-explosion propagation in a tunnel by using a vacuum chamber. We studied the suppression effect on gas explosions by placing a vacuum chamber at dif-ferent positions along the tunnel. The results indicate that: 1) the vacuum chamber can absorb the explosion wave and explosion energy as much as possible at the beginning of the gas explosion, and; 2) when the vacuum chamber is used the closer it is to the ignition source the more significant the suppression effect. In addition, by using the vacuum chamber: 1) the flame propagation velocity decreases from ultrasonic to subsonic; 2) the flame propagation distance is remarkably shortened; 3) the maximum peak value of overpressure (pm) decreases from 0.34 to 0.17 MPa or less, and; 4) the impulse of the blast wave (I) decreases from 20 to 8 kPa·s or less.
文摘The vacuum plume effects experimental system （PES） is the first experimental system designed to study the effects of vacuum plume in China. The main equipment, a vacuum chamber of 5.5 m in diameter and 12.8 m in length, and structure design of hinged door are described. The finite element method （FEM） is adopted to analyze the static strength and stability of the PES vacuum chamber. It is demonstrated that the static strength and stability are qualified. For the 5.5 m diameter vacuum chamber door, three design schemes are put forward. After comparisons are made, the single-axis-double-pin hinged door is selected. The FEM is applied to checking its static strength as well as distortions. The results show that the door’s distortion and displacement change mainly due to the gravity of the door which leads to its sinking. The calculated displacement is less than 7.8 mm, while the actual measurement is 5 mm. The single-axis-double-pin hinged door mechanism completely satisfies the design requirements. This innovative structure can be introduced as a reference for the design of large-scale hinged doors.
文摘A secondary electron yield test device for vacuum material study is set up,and its detailed design described in this paper.The test results for a few common vacuum materials with and without TiN film coating are presented,and the influential factors on secondary electron yield are analyzed.All the work will be helpful to the surface pretreatment of vacuum materials.
基金Financial support from the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control of Henan Polytechnic University of China(No.WS2012A04)
文摘In order to suppress the harm of gas explosion,the current study researched on the body of vacuum chamber.The previous studies verifed that it could obviously lower the explosion overpressure by reasonably arranging vacuum chamber on pipe.That is to say,the vacuum chamber has the effect of absorbing wave and energy.To further deeply analyze the vacuum chamber suppressing gas explosion,this research designed the L-type pipe of gas explosion,and compared the experimental results of gas explosion with vacuum chamber and without vacuum chamber.Besides,using the gas chromatograph,this study also investigated the gas compositions in the pipe before and after explosion.The results show that:(1)without vacuum chamber,the maximum value of explosion overpressure is 0.22 MPa,with60 ms duration,and after explosion,the concentration of oxygen drops to 12.07%,but the concentration of carbon monoxide increases to 4392.3 10à6,and the concentration of carbon dioxide goes up to7.848%,which can make the persons in danger suffocate and die;(2)with vacuum chamber,explosion overpressure drops to 0.18 MPa,with 20 ms duration or less,and after explosion,the concentration of oxygen still remains 12.07%,but the concentration of methane is 7.83%,however the concentration of carbon monoxide is only 727.24 10à6,and the concentration of carbon dioxide is only 1.219%,at the this moment the concentration ratio of toxic gas drops by more than 83%in comparison to be that without vacuum chamber.Consequently,the vacuum chamber can guarantee that most methane does not take part in chemical reaction,and timely quenches the deflagration reaction of gas and oxygen.Because of the two points mentioned above,it reduces the explosion energy,and lowers that the overpressure of blast wave impacts and damages on the persons and facilities,and also decreases the consumption of oxygen and the production of the toxic gas.Therefore,it is safe to conclude that the vacuum chamber not only absorbs wave and energy,but also prevents and suppresses explosion.
文摘Ruhrstahl-Hereaeus（RH）上升管内的气液两相流是整个装置的重要动力源,并对钢液的流动、混匀及精炼过程有重要影响.上升管及真空室内的气液两相流决定了钢包内钢液的流动状态,为了研究真空室及上升管内气液两相流,通过1∶6的300 t RH的物理模型模拟了RH上升管及真空室内气泡行为过程,并测量了RH循环流量的变化用于计算上升管内含气率以及气泡运动速度最终得到气泡在真空室内的停留时间,同时记录了气泡在真空室内的存在形式.气泡在真空室的存在形式的主要影响因素为提升气体流量,研究发现了气泡从规则独立的大气泡经历聚合长大,碰撞破碎成小气泡,最后变成小气泡和不规则大气泡共存的现象.液面高度达到80 mm之后,气泡在真空室内的停留时间达到一个平衡值,不再随真空室液面高度的增加而发生改变.当提升气体量达3000 L·min-1,气泡停留时间减小趋势弱,对应3000 L·min-1情况下,真空室内气泡开始聚合长大.研究认为对于300 t RH的真空室液面高度应为80 mm,提升气体量应在3500 L·min-1左右,优化后,脱碳时间由原工艺的21.4 min缩短至现工艺的17.5 min.
