We report a rare case of a left ejaculatory duct that allotropically protrudes towards or invades the left vesicle triangular area with its dead end. The patient simultaneously exhibited multiple congenital malformati...We report a rare case of a left ejaculatory duct that allotropically protrudes towards or invades the left vesicle triangular area with its dead end. The patient simultaneously exhibited multiple congenital malformations of the homolateral urogenital system, such as absence of the left kidney, dysplasia and allotopia of the left seminal vesicle, absence of the left ureterostoma, separation between the left testis and the epididymis tail, and maldevelopment of the left testis. According to all clinical and laboratory evidence, the case represented a new syndrome, which we named Wuyang＇s syndrome. It involved a rare phenomenon in embryonic development; the dysplastic proximal vas precursor, having intruded into a common mesonephric duct and accidentally encroaching on the ureteric bud position, resulted in the absence or dysplasia of the homolateral urinary tract and ectopic invasion of the bladder by the homolateral seminal tract.展开更多
Background：Cyclosporine A （CsA） is a commonly used clinical immunosuppressant.However,CsA exposure in rabbits during the gestation period was shown to cause a postnatal decrease in the number of nephrons,with the e...Background：Cyclosporine A （CsA） is a commonly used clinical immunosuppressant.However,CsA exposure in rabbits during the gestation period was shown to cause a postnatal decrease in the number of nephrons,with the effects remaining unknown.In this study,we aimed to explore the effects of CsA on metanephros development in the pregnant BALB/c mice.Methods：Pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups,and CsA （10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） was subcutaneously injected from gestation day 10.5 to day 16.5 in the CsA group,whereas a comparable volume of normal saline was given to the control group.All of the mice were sacrificed on gestation day 17.5 and serum CsA concentration was measured.The fetuses were removed and weighed,and their kidneys were prepared for histological assessment and polymerase chain reaction assay.In an in vitro experiment,embryo kidneys of fetal mice on gestation day 12.5 were used,and CsA （10 tmol/L） was added in the culture of the CsA group.The growth pattern of the ureteric bud and nephrons was assessed by lectin staining.Results：No significant differences in the weight of embryo （4.54 ± 1.22 vs.3.26 ± 1.09 mg） were observed between the CsA and control groups,the thickness of the cortical （510.0 ± 30.3 vs.350.0 ± 29.7 μm,P 〈 0.05） and nephrogenic zone （272.5 ± 17.2 vs.173.3 ± 24.0 μm,P 〈 0.05）,and the number of glomeruli （36.5 ± 0.7 vs.27.5 ± 2.1,P 〈 0.05） were reduced in the CsA group when compared to the control group.The cell proliferation of Ki-67 positive index between control and CsA group （307.0 ± 20.0 vs.219.0 ± 25.0,P 〈 0.05） in the nephrogenic zone was decreased with the increase of apoptotic cells （1 7.0 ± 2.0 vs.159.0 ± 33.0,P 〈 0.05）.The mRNA expression of WT-1,Pax2,and Pax8 was downregulated by CsA treatment.As for the in vitro CsA group,the branch number of the ureteric bud was decreased in the CsA-treated group with the nephrons missing in contrast to control after the incubation for 24 h and 72 h （all P〈 0.0001�展开更多
文摘We report a rare case of a left ejaculatory duct that allotropically protrudes towards or invades the left vesicle triangular area with its dead end. The patient simultaneously exhibited multiple congenital malformations of the homolateral urogenital system, such as absence of the left kidney, dysplasia and allotopia of the left seminal vesicle, absence of the left ureterostoma, separation between the left testis and the epididymis tail, and maldevelopment of the left testis. According to all clinical and laboratory evidence, the case represented a new syndrome, which we named Wuyang＇s syndrome. It involved a rare phenomenon in embryonic development; the dysplastic proximal vas precursor, having intruded into a common mesonephric duct and accidentally encroaching on the ureteric bud position, resulted in the absence or dysplasia of the homolateral urinary tract and ectopic invasion of the bladder by the homolateral seminal tract.
文摘Background：Cyclosporine A （CsA） is a commonly used clinical immunosuppressant.However,CsA exposure in rabbits during the gestation period was shown to cause a postnatal decrease in the number of nephrons,with the effects remaining unknown.In this study,we aimed to explore the effects of CsA on metanephros development in the pregnant BALB/c mice.Methods：Pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups,and CsA （10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） was subcutaneously injected from gestation day 10.5 to day 16.5 in the CsA group,whereas a comparable volume of normal saline was given to the control group.All of the mice were sacrificed on gestation day 17.5 and serum CsA concentration was measured.The fetuses were removed and weighed,and their kidneys were prepared for histological assessment and polymerase chain reaction assay.In an in vitro experiment,embryo kidneys of fetal mice on gestation day 12.5 were used,and CsA （10 tmol/L） was added in the culture of the CsA group.The growth pattern of the ureteric bud and nephrons was assessed by lectin staining.Results：No significant differences in the weight of embryo （4.54 ± 1.22 vs.3.26 ± 1.09 mg） were observed between the CsA and control groups,the thickness of the cortical （510.0 ± 30.3 vs.350.0 ± 29.7 μm,P 〈 0.05） and nephrogenic zone （272.5 ± 17.2 vs.173.3 ± 24.0 μm,P 〈 0.05）,and the number of glomeruli （36.5 ± 0.7 vs.27.5 ± 2.1,P 〈 0.05） were reduced in the CsA group when compared to the control group.The cell proliferation of Ki-67 positive index between control and CsA group （307.0 ± 20.0 vs.219.0 ± 25.0,P 〈 0.05） in the nephrogenic zone was decreased with the increase of apoptotic cells （1 7.0 ± 2.0 vs.159.0 ± 33.0,P 〈 0.05）.The mRNA expression of WT-1,Pax2,and Pax8 was downregulated by CsA treatment.As for the in vitro CsA group,the branch number of the ureteric bud was decreased in the CsA-treated group with the nephrons missing in contrast to control after the incubation for 24 h and 72 h （all P〈 0.0001�
