According to the urbanization extent of Beijing area, and with 1980 as a turning point, the duration from 1961 to 2000 is divided into two periods: one is defined as the slow urbanization period from 1961 to 1980, and...According to the urbanization extent of Beijing area, and with 1980 as a turning point, the duration from 1961 to 2000 is divided into two periods: one is defined as the slow urbanization period from 1961 to 1980, and other one as the fast urbanization period from 1981 to 2000. Based on the 40-year’s precipi-tation data of 14 standard weather stations in Beijing area, the effect of urbanization on precipitation distribution is studied. It is found that there has been a noticeable and systematic change of winter precipitation distribution pattern between these two periods in Beijing area: in the slow urbanization period, the precipitation in the southern part of Beijing is more than that in the northern part; but in the fast urbanization period, the precipitation distribution pattern is reverse, i.e. the precipitation in the southern part is less than that in the northern part; But in other seasons, the precipitation distribution pattern did not change remarkably in general. The possible cause resulting in the change of winter precipitation distribution pattern, might be that with urban area extension, the effects of "urban heat island" and "urban dry island" become more and more intensified, and increase hydrometeors evapo-ration below precipitable cloud, and then cause less precipitation received on the ground surface in the downtown and the southern part. It is also noteworthy to further research why the precipitation distri-bution pattern does not change systematically in other seasons except winter after intense urbaniza-tion in Beijing area.展开更多
文摘南京大学大气科学系分别于2005年7月17日～7月31日,2006年2月18日～3月10日在南京市市区和郊区两个观测点进行了城市边界层气象观测,同时采用流动观测方法和在6个固定观测点进行城市热岛观测,观测发现：南京市存在明显的城市热岛特征,气温由市区中心的最高值向郊区逐步减少,冬夏季节的平均热岛强度分别为1.2℃和0.83℃,晴天热岛强度大于阴天,夜间热岛强度普遍高于白天,夏季和冬季热岛强度最大可达3.6℃和2.4℃.热岛强度随高度增加而减小,在约400 m高度,城区和郊区气温没有明显差异.观测结果还表明城区湿度普遍低于郊区,冬夏季节的城市与郊区的相对湿度差分别为10.6%和7.3%.南京紫金山森林地区对附近地区的气温和湿度有明显影响;城区风速明显低于郊区,高度越低,城区与郊区风速相差越大.南京市区的平均零平面位移约为19.9 m,平均粗糙度1.1 m.
基金Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2005CB422205)Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCZ2- YW-219)
文摘According to the urbanization extent of Beijing area, and with 1980 as a turning point, the duration from 1961 to 2000 is divided into two periods: one is defined as the slow urbanization period from 1961 to 1980, and other one as the fast urbanization period from 1981 to 2000. Based on the 40-year’s precipi-tation data of 14 standard weather stations in Beijing area, the effect of urbanization on precipitation distribution is studied. It is found that there has been a noticeable and systematic change of winter precipitation distribution pattern between these two periods in Beijing area: in the slow urbanization period, the precipitation in the southern part of Beijing is more than that in the northern part; but in the fast urbanization period, the precipitation distribution pattern is reverse, i.e. the precipitation in the southern part is less than that in the northern part; But in other seasons, the precipitation distribution pattern did not change remarkably in general. The possible cause resulting in the change of winter precipitation distribution pattern, might be that with urban area extension, the effects of "urban heat island" and "urban dry island" become more and more intensified, and increase hydrometeors evapo-ration below precipitable cloud, and then cause less precipitation received on the ground surface in the downtown and the southern part. It is also noteworthy to further research why the precipitation distri-bution pattern does not change systematically in other seasons except winter after intense urbaniza-tion in Beijing area.
