冬油菜直播种植的推广应用对提高我国油菜籽总产量和保障食用油安全有重要意义。2009—2010年度在长江流域6个冬油菜主产省布置36个大田试验,研究当前生产条件下我国直播冬油菜的氮磷钾硼肥施用效果和肥料利用率,比较农民习惯施肥与推...冬油菜直播种植的推广应用对提高我国油菜籽总产量和保障食用油安全有重要意义。2009—2010年度在长江流域6个冬油菜主产省布置36个大田试验,研究当前生产条件下我国直播冬油菜的氮磷钾硼肥施用效果和肥料利用率,比较农民习惯施肥与推荐施肥的差异,并与移栽油菜施肥效果进行对比,以探讨直播冬油菜的施肥管理措施。结果显示,在推荐施肥量和施肥方法条件下,氮磷钾硼肥配合施用(NPKB)处理直播冬油菜的油菜籽产量和产值平均分别为2001 kg hm–2和8205元hm–2,显著高于农民习惯施肥(FFP)处理,施用效果为N>P>B>K。NPKB配合施用显著促进直播冬油菜的养分吸收,N、P、K累积量分别为104.2、20.4和160.2 kg hm–2。NPKB配施条件下,直播冬油菜的氮、磷、钾肥表观利用率平均分别为35.8%、22.3%和45.9%,明显高于农民习惯施肥的20.8%、7.2%和28.0%。说明合理施肥对直播冬油菜生产有重要作用,现阶段应积极推行氮磷钾硼肥配施技术,并根据生长发育特点和养分吸收规律调整肥料的施用时期和比例。展开更多
To identify genetic factors underlying phosphorus (P) uptake and use efficiency under low_P stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.), 84 selected genotypes (recombinant inbred lines) and their parents (which differed in toler...To identify genetic factors underlying phosphorus (P) uptake and use efficiency under low_P stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.), 84 selected genotypes (recombinant inbred lines) and their parents (which differed in tolerance for low_P stress) “IR20” and IR55178_3B_9_3, were cultured in liquid medium supplemented with adequate and low P levels in a greenhouse. Plants were sampled after 6 weeks in culture for measurements of plant dry weight, P concentration, P uptake and P use efficiency under both P sufficient and stress conditions. A total of 179 molecular markers, including 26 RFLPs and 153 AFLPs, mapped on all 12 chromosomes of rice based on the 84 selected genotypes were used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying tolerance for low_P stress. Three QTLs were detected on chromosomes 6, 7 and 12, respectively, for relative plant dry weight (RPDW) and relative P uptake (RPUP). One of the QTLs flanked by RG9 and RG241 on chromosome 12 had a major effect which explained about 50% of the variations in the two parameters across the population. The results coincided with the QTLs for low_P stress based on relative tillering ability from the same population from a cross between Nipponbare and Kasalath under soil condition. The identical major QTL for P uptake and plant growth under low_P stress in both liquid medium and soil strongly suggests that the ability of P uptake mainly controls rice tolerance for low_P stress.展开更多
文摘冬油菜直播种植的推广应用对提高我国油菜籽总产量和保障食用油安全有重要意义。2009—2010年度在长江流域6个冬油菜主产省布置36个大田试验,研究当前生产条件下我国直播冬油菜的氮磷钾硼肥施用效果和肥料利用率,比较农民习惯施肥与推荐施肥的差异,并与移栽油菜施肥效果进行对比,以探讨直播冬油菜的施肥管理措施。结果显示,在推荐施肥量和施肥方法条件下,氮磷钾硼肥配合施用(NPKB)处理直播冬油菜的油菜籽产量和产值平均分别为2001 kg hm–2和8205元hm–2,显著高于农民习惯施肥(FFP)处理,施用效果为N>P>B>K。NPKB配合施用显著促进直播冬油菜的养分吸收,N、P、K累积量分别为104.2、20.4和160.2 kg hm–2。NPKB配施条件下,直播冬油菜的氮、磷、钾肥表观利用率平均分别为35.8%、22.3%和45.9%,明显高于农民习惯施肥的20.8%、7.2%和28.0%。说明合理施肥对直播冬油菜生产有重要作用,现阶段应积极推行氮磷钾硼肥配施技术,并根据生长发育特点和养分吸收规律调整肥料的施用时期和比例。
文摘To identify genetic factors underlying phosphorus (P) uptake and use efficiency under low_P stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.), 84 selected genotypes (recombinant inbred lines) and their parents (which differed in tolerance for low_P stress) “IR20” and IR55178_3B_9_3, were cultured in liquid medium supplemented with adequate and low P levels in a greenhouse. Plants were sampled after 6 weeks in culture for measurements of plant dry weight, P concentration, P uptake and P use efficiency under both P sufficient and stress conditions. A total of 179 molecular markers, including 26 RFLPs and 153 AFLPs, mapped on all 12 chromosomes of rice based on the 84 selected genotypes were used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying tolerance for low_P stress. Three QTLs were detected on chromosomes 6, 7 and 12, respectively, for relative plant dry weight (RPDW) and relative P uptake (RPUP). One of the QTLs flanked by RG9 and RG241 on chromosome 12 had a major effect which explained about 50% of the variations in the two parameters across the population. The results coincided with the QTLs for low_P stress based on relative tillering ability from the same population from a cross between Nipponbare and Kasalath under soil condition. The identical major QTL for P uptake and plant growth under low_P stress in both liquid medium and soil strongly suggests that the ability of P uptake mainly controls rice tolerance for low_P stress.
