油气藏工程常用公式的单位变换,是一项重要的工作内容,它是理论研究与实际应用相结合的重要步骤。SI单位制,包括SI基础单位(SI base units)和SI矿场单位(SI field units)两部分。前者用于油气藏工程不同计算公式的理论推导,后者用于实...油气藏工程常用公式的单位变换,是一项重要的工作内容,它是理论研究与实际应用相结合的重要步骤。SI单位制,包括SI基础单位(SI base units)和SI矿场单位(SI field units)两部分。前者用于油气藏工程不同计算公式的理论推导,后者用于实际问题的矿场计算。因此,对于由SI基础单位表示的油气藏工程计算方法,必须进行由SI基础单位到SI矿场单位的正确变换,否则,就不可能得到正确的计算结果。本文将介绍油气藏工程中常用物理量的SI基础单位和SI矿场单位,以及它们之间的变换常数,并将重点介绍由SI基础单位表示的油气藏工程常用公式,如何变换而得到由SI矿场单位表示的相应公式。展开更多
The reliability assessment of unit-system near two levels is the mostimportant content in the reliability multi-level synthesis of complex systems. Introducing theinformation theory into system reliability assessment,...The reliability assessment of unit-system near two levels is the mostimportant content in the reliability multi-level synthesis of complex systems. Introducing theinformation theory into system reliability assessment, using the addible characteristic ofinformation quantity and the principle of equivalence of information quantity, an entropy method ofdata information conversion is presented for the system consisted of identical exponential units.The basic conversion formulae of entropy method of unit test data are derived based on the principleof information quantity equivalence. The general models of entropy method synthesis assessment forsystem reliability approximate lower limits are established according to the fundamental principleof the unit reliability assessment. The applications of the entropy method are discussed by way ofpractical examples. Compared with the traditional methods, the entropy method is found to be validand practicable and the assessment results are very satisfactory.展开更多
Fine-tuning of the electron-deficient unit in A-DA1D-A typed small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) plays a crucial role in developing efficient SMAs for organic solar cells (OSCs).Here,we developed a SMA based on benzo[4,5]...Fine-tuning of the electron-deficient unit in A-DA1D-A typed small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) plays a crucial role in developing efficient SMAs for organic solar cells (OSCs).Here,we developed a SMA based on benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]quinoxaline,designated as QW1,as well as three SMAs based on 1-methylindoline-2,3-dione,identified as QW2,QW3,and QW4.Compared with QW2,QW1 displays slightly blue-shifted absorption spectra and a lower LUMO energy level due to the stronger electron-withdrawing capability of BTQx in contrast to MDO.On the other hand,the introduction of a bromine atom in QW3 and QW4 causes a blue shift in absorption and a reduction in the LUMO energy level compared to QW2.Density functional theory analysis reveals that QW1 exhibits the best molecular planarity,which endows QW1 with larger electron mobility and tighter molecular stacking.Consequently,PM6:QW1 device affords a better efficiency of 15.63% than those of the devices based on QW2 (14.25%),QW3 (13.21%) and QW4 (15.03%).Moreover,the QW4-based device yields the highest open-circuit voltage of 0.933 V,and the PM6:L8-BO:QW4 ternary device realizes a PCE of 19.03%.Overall,our work demonstrates that regulation of electron-deficient central units is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of the resulting A-DA1D-A SMAs.展开更多
In order to adapt to the construction needs of the smart grid, smart substation need to solve the problem of protocol conversion between the conventional non-standardized condition monitoring equipment and the standar...In order to adapt to the construction needs of the smart grid, smart substation need to solve the problem of protocol conversion between the conventional non-standardized condition monitoring equipment and the standardized monitoring system. This paper proposed a realization method of conversion method between Modbus and IEC61850. Object-oriented technology is used for information model on Modbus. After the analysis of IEC61850 and MMS information and service model, to establish the model mapping relationship between IEC61850, MMS and Modbus based on the principle of minimum information point which is one to one correspondence. Combined with the implementation of SISCO MMS-EASE LITE software development kit programming, giving a realization method using QT programming techniques based on the mapping model. Finally, the establishment the interval controller as an example of protocol scheme verifies the correctness and the feasibility of protocol conversion method.展开更多
文摘油气藏工程常用公式的单位变换,是一项重要的工作内容,它是理论研究与实际应用相结合的重要步骤。SI单位制,包括SI基础单位(SI base units)和SI矿场单位(SI field units)两部分。前者用于油气藏工程不同计算公式的理论推导,后者用于实际问题的矿场计算。因此,对于由SI基础单位表示的油气藏工程计算方法,必须进行由SI基础单位到SI矿场单位的正确变换,否则,就不可能得到正确的计算结果。本文将介绍油气藏工程中常用物理量的SI基础单位和SI矿场单位,以及它们之间的变换常数,并将重点介绍由SI基础单位表示的油气藏工程常用公式,如何变换而得到由SI矿场单位表示的相应公式。
文摘The reliability assessment of unit-system near two levels is the mostimportant content in the reliability multi-level synthesis of complex systems. Introducing theinformation theory into system reliability assessment, using the addible characteristic ofinformation quantity and the principle of equivalence of information quantity, an entropy method ofdata information conversion is presented for the system consisted of identical exponential units.The basic conversion formulae of entropy method of unit test data are derived based on the principleof information quantity equivalence. The general models of entropy method synthesis assessment forsystem reliability approximate lower limits are established according to the fundamental principleof the unit reliability assessment. The applications of the entropy method are discussed by way ofpractical examples. Compared with the traditional methods, the entropy method is found to be validand practicable and the assessment results are very satisfactory.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(ZDSYS20210623091813040,RCBS20221008093225021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.22309119)+2 种基金G.Li acknowledges the support from Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Project Nos.15320216,15221320,C5037-18G,RGC Senior Research Fellowship Scheme(SRFS2223-5S01))the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Sir Sze-yuen Chung Endowed Professorship Fund(8-8480)PolyU Distinguished postdoc Fellowship(1-YW4C,R.Ma),G-SAC5)。
文摘Fine-tuning of the electron-deficient unit in A-DA1D-A typed small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) plays a crucial role in developing efficient SMAs for organic solar cells (OSCs).Here,we developed a SMA based on benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]quinoxaline,designated as QW1,as well as three SMAs based on 1-methylindoline-2,3-dione,identified as QW2,QW3,and QW4.Compared with QW2,QW1 displays slightly blue-shifted absorption spectra and a lower LUMO energy level due to the stronger electron-withdrawing capability of BTQx in contrast to MDO.On the other hand,the introduction of a bromine atom in QW3 and QW4 causes a blue shift in absorption and a reduction in the LUMO energy level compared to QW2.Density functional theory analysis reveals that QW1 exhibits the best molecular planarity,which endows QW1 with larger electron mobility and tighter molecular stacking.Consequently,PM6:QW1 device affords a better efficiency of 15.63% than those of the devices based on QW2 (14.25%),QW3 (13.21%) and QW4 (15.03%).Moreover,the QW4-based device yields the highest open-circuit voltage of 0.933 V,and the PM6:L8-BO:QW4 ternary device realizes a PCE of 19.03%.Overall,our work demonstrates that regulation of electron-deficient central units is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of the resulting A-DA1D-A SMAs.
文摘In order to adapt to the construction needs of the smart grid, smart substation need to solve the problem of protocol conversion between the conventional non-standardized condition monitoring equipment and the standardized monitoring system. This paper proposed a realization method of conversion method between Modbus and IEC61850. Object-oriented technology is used for information model on Modbus. After the analysis of IEC61850 and MMS information and service model, to establish the model mapping relationship between IEC61850, MMS and Modbus based on the principle of minimum information point which is one to one correspondence. Combined with the implementation of SISCO MMS-EASE LITE software development kit programming, giving a realization method using QT programming techniques based on the mapping model. Finally, the establishment the interval controller as an example of protocol scheme verifies the correctness and the feasibility of protocol conversion method.
