世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)发布了新的《全球结核病报告2022》(以下简称报告),报告指出新型冠状病毒感染加重了结核病的负担,严重影响了全球结核病控制的进程。2021年,WHO共批准6项用于结核病诊断和抗结核药物耐药性...世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)发布了新的《全球结核病报告2022》(以下简称报告),报告指出新型冠状病毒感染加重了结核病的负担,严重影响了全球结核病控制的进程。2021年,WHO共批准6项用于结核病诊断和抗结核药物耐药性检测的分子诊断技术,推荐3种用于筛查结核病的基于结核分枝杆菌抗原的新型皮肤试验。为减轻患者和医疗系统的负担,WHO推荐了“4个月方案”治疗药物敏感结核病和4套耐多药和利福平耐药结核病(multidrug resistant/rifampicin resistant-tuberculosis,MDR/RR-TB)短程方案,治疗耐药结核病。目前有26种抗结核药物处于临床试验阶段,至少有22项临床试验在开展治疗结核感染的药物和方案的评估。我国的结核病疫情仍十分严重,2021年,我国结核病新发患者数在30个结核病高负担国家中排第3位。2021年,全国共报告肺结核病例639548例,死亡1763例,报告发病率为45.37/10万,报告死亡率为0.13/10万,MDR/RR-TB患者例数居全球第4位。WHO推荐治疗耐药性结核病方案是否适合我国,尚需验证。展开更多
Differentiating Crohn's disease(CD) and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) has remained a dilemma for most of the clinicians in the developing world, which are endemic for ITB, and where the disease burden of inflammato...Differentiating Crohn's disease(CD) and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) has remained a dilemma for most of the clinicians in the developing world, which are endemic for ITB, and where the disease burden of inflammatory bowel disease is on the rise. Although, there are certain clinical(diarrhea/hematochezia/perianal disease common in CD; fever/night sweats common in ITB), endoscopic(longitudinal/aphthous ulcers common in CD; transverse ulcers/patulous ileocaecal valve common in ITB), histologic(caseating/confluent/large granuloma common in ITB; microgranuloma common in CD), microbiologic(positive stain/culture for acid fast-bacillus in ITB), radiologic(long segment involvement/comb sign/skip lesions common in CD; necrotic lymph node/contiguous ileocaecal involvement common in ITB), and serologic differences between CD and ITB, the only exclusive features are caseation necrosis on biopsy, positive smear for acid-fast bacillus(AFB) and/or AFB culture, and necrotic lymph node on cross-sectional imaging in ITB. However,these exclusive features are limited by poor sensitivity, and this has led to the development of multiple multi-parametric predictive models. These models are also limited by complex formulae, small sample size and lack of validation across other populations. Several new parameters have come up including the latest Bayesian meta-analysis, enumeration of peripheral blood T-regulatory cells, and updated computed tomography based predictive score. However, therapeutic anti-tubercular therapy(ATT) trial, and subsequent clinical and endoscopic response to ATT is still required in a significant proportion of patients to establish the diagnosis. Therapeutic ATT trial is associated with a delay in the diagnosis of CD, and there is a need for better modalities for improved differentiation and reduction in the need for ATT trial.展开更多
AIM:To define the parameters that positively predict diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and differentiate it from gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB). METHODS:This prospective study over 3 years was carried out in...AIM:To define the parameters that positively predict diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and differentiate it from gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB). METHODS:This prospective study over 3 years was carried out in the consecutive Indian patients with definite diagnosis of CD and equal numbers of patients with definite diagnosis of GITB. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, morphological and histological features were noted in all the patients. Serological tests such as p-ANCA, c-ANCA, IgA ASCA and IgG ASCA, were performed. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical tissue specimens were subjected to smear and culture for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and tissue polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis (TB PCR). Diagnosis of CD and GITB was based on the standard criteria. Data were analyzed using univariate Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression (MLR). RESULTS:The study is comprised of 26 patients with CD (age 36.6 ± 8.6 year, male:female, 16:10) and 26 patients with GITB (age 37.2 ± 9.6 year, male:female, 15:11). The following clinical variables between the two groups (CD vs TB) were significant in univariate analysis:duration of symptoms (58.1 ± 9.8 vs 7.2 ± 3.4 mo), diarrhoea (69.2% vs 34.6%), bleeding per rectum (30.7% vs 3.8%), fever (23.1% vs 69.2%), ascites (7.7% vs 34.6%) and extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (61.5% vs 23.1%). Of these, all except ascites and extra-colonic manifestations were found statistically significant by MLR. Accuracy of predicting CD was 84.62% based on the fever, bleeding P/R, diarrhoea and duration of symptoms while it was 63.4% when histology was reported as inflammatory bowel disease and 42.3% when there was recurrence of disease after surgery. Accuracy of predicting GITB was 73.1% when there was co-existing pulmonary lesions and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy;75% when tuberculosis was reported in histology;63.4% when granuloma was found in histology;82.6% when TB PCR was positive;and 61.5% when smear and/ or culture was positive for AFB. Serological tes展开更多
文摘世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)发布了新的《全球结核病报告2022》(以下简称报告),报告指出新型冠状病毒感染加重了结核病的负担,严重影响了全球结核病控制的进程。2021年,WHO共批准6项用于结核病诊断和抗结核药物耐药性检测的分子诊断技术,推荐3种用于筛查结核病的基于结核分枝杆菌抗原的新型皮肤试验。为减轻患者和医疗系统的负担,WHO推荐了“4个月方案”治疗药物敏感结核病和4套耐多药和利福平耐药结核病(multidrug resistant/rifampicin resistant-tuberculosis,MDR/RR-TB)短程方案,治疗耐药结核病。目前有26种抗结核药物处于临床试验阶段,至少有22项临床试验在开展治疗结核感染的药物和方案的评估。我国的结核病疫情仍十分严重,2021年,我国结核病新发患者数在30个结核病高负担国家中排第3位。2021年,全国共报告肺结核病例639548例,死亡1763例,报告发病率为45.37/10万,报告死亡率为0.13/10万,MDR/RR-TB患者例数居全球第4位。WHO推荐治疗耐药性结核病方案是否适合我国,尚需验证。
文摘Differentiating Crohn's disease(CD) and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) has remained a dilemma for most of the clinicians in the developing world, which are endemic for ITB, and where the disease burden of inflammatory bowel disease is on the rise. Although, there are certain clinical(diarrhea/hematochezia/perianal disease common in CD; fever/night sweats common in ITB), endoscopic(longitudinal/aphthous ulcers common in CD; transverse ulcers/patulous ileocaecal valve common in ITB), histologic(caseating/confluent/large granuloma common in ITB; microgranuloma common in CD), microbiologic(positive stain/culture for acid fast-bacillus in ITB), radiologic(long segment involvement/comb sign/skip lesions common in CD; necrotic lymph node/contiguous ileocaecal involvement common in ITB), and serologic differences between CD and ITB, the only exclusive features are caseation necrosis on biopsy, positive smear for acid-fast bacillus(AFB) and/or AFB culture, and necrotic lymph node on cross-sectional imaging in ITB. However,these exclusive features are limited by poor sensitivity, and this has led to the development of multiple multi-parametric predictive models. These models are also limited by complex formulae, small sample size and lack of validation across other populations. Several new parameters have come up including the latest Bayesian meta-analysis, enumeration of peripheral blood T-regulatory cells, and updated computed tomography based predictive score. However, therapeutic anti-tubercular therapy(ATT) trial, and subsequent clinical and endoscopic response to ATT is still required in a significant proportion of patients to establish the diagnosis. Therapeutic ATT trial is associated with a delay in the diagnosis of CD, and there is a need for better modalities for improved differentiation and reduction in the need for ATT trial.
文摘AIM:To define the parameters that positively predict diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and differentiate it from gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB). METHODS:This prospective study over 3 years was carried out in the consecutive Indian patients with definite diagnosis of CD and equal numbers of patients with definite diagnosis of GITB. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, morphological and histological features were noted in all the patients. Serological tests such as p-ANCA, c-ANCA, IgA ASCA and IgG ASCA, were performed. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical tissue specimens were subjected to smear and culture for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and tissue polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis (TB PCR). Diagnosis of CD and GITB was based on the standard criteria. Data were analyzed using univariate Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression (MLR). RESULTS:The study is comprised of 26 patients with CD (age 36.6 ± 8.6 year, male:female, 16:10) and 26 patients with GITB (age 37.2 ± 9.6 year, male:female, 15:11). The following clinical variables between the two groups (CD vs TB) were significant in univariate analysis:duration of symptoms (58.1 ± 9.8 vs 7.2 ± 3.4 mo), diarrhoea (69.2% vs 34.6%), bleeding per rectum (30.7% vs 3.8%), fever (23.1% vs 69.2%), ascites (7.7% vs 34.6%) and extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (61.5% vs 23.1%). Of these, all except ascites and extra-colonic manifestations were found statistically significant by MLR. Accuracy of predicting CD was 84.62% based on the fever, bleeding P/R, diarrhoea and duration of symptoms while it was 63.4% when histology was reported as inflammatory bowel disease and 42.3% when there was recurrence of disease after surgery. Accuracy of predicting GITB was 73.1% when there was co-existing pulmonary lesions and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy;75% when tuberculosis was reported in histology;63.4% when granuloma was found in histology;82.6% when TB PCR was positive;and 61.5% when smear and/ or culture was positive for AFB. Serological tes
