Avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) is a Gammacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae and causes highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Innate immunity plays significant roles in host defense against IB...Avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) is a Gammacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae and causes highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Innate immunity plays significant roles in host defense against IBV. Here, we explored the interaction between IBV and the host innate immune system. Severe histopathological lesions were observed in the tracheal mucosa at 3–5days post inoculation(dpi) and in the kidney at 8 dpi, with heavy viral loads at 1–11 and 1–28 dpi,respectively. The expression of m RNAs encoding Toll-like receptor(TLR) 3 and TLR7 were upregulated at 3–8 dpi, and that of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon(IFN) β(TRIF) was upregulated at 21 dpi in the trachea and kidney. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88(My D88) was upregulated in the trachea during early infection. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor(TRAF) 3 and TRAF6 were upregulated expression in both tissues.Moreover, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5(MDA5), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2(LGP2), stimulator of IFN genes(STING), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein(MAVS), as well as TANK binding kinase 1(TBK1), inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK) ?, IKKα, IKKβ,IFN regulatory factor(IRF) 7, nuclear factor of kappa B(NF-κB), IFN-α, IFN-β, various interleukins(ILs), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β(MIP-1β) were significantly upregulated in the trachea and downregulated in the kidney. These results suggested that the TLR and MDA5 signaling pathways and innate immune cytokine were induced after IBV infection. Additionally,consistent responses to IBV infection were observed during early infection, with differential and complicated responses in the kidney.展开更多
Methods mRNA level of TLR9 and interferon （IFN） regulatory factor 5 （IRF5） in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. IFN-a expression was measu...Methods mRNA level of TLR9 and interferon （IFN） regulatory factor 5 （IRF5） in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. IFN-a expression was measured in the serum of the SLE patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results TLR9 expression was significantly higher in SLE patients than that in health controls （P=0.011）. SLE patients with positive anti-dsDNA antibody had significantly higher expression of TLR9 than that with negative anti-dsDNA antibody （P=0.001）. TLR9 expression was positively correlated with fever （P=0.017）, alopecia （P=0.046）, safety of estrogens in lupus erythematosus national assessment SLE disease activity index （SELENA-SLEDAI） score （rs=0.385, P=0.003）, and the level of IRF5 （rs=0.35, P=0.027） and IFN-a （rs=0.627, P=0.001） in SLE patients. Conclusion TLR9 is associated with SLE disease activity and might be involved in the IFN-a pathway of SLE.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (31360611 and 31160516)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2013GXNSFCA01 9010 and 2014GXNSFDA118011)
文摘Avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) is a Gammacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae and causes highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Innate immunity plays significant roles in host defense against IBV. Here, we explored the interaction between IBV and the host innate immune system. Severe histopathological lesions were observed in the tracheal mucosa at 3–5days post inoculation(dpi) and in the kidney at 8 dpi, with heavy viral loads at 1–11 and 1–28 dpi,respectively. The expression of m RNAs encoding Toll-like receptor(TLR) 3 and TLR7 were upregulated at 3–8 dpi, and that of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon(IFN) β(TRIF) was upregulated at 21 dpi in the trachea and kidney. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88(My D88) was upregulated in the trachea during early infection. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor(TRAF) 3 and TRAF6 were upregulated expression in both tissues.Moreover, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5(MDA5), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2(LGP2), stimulator of IFN genes(STING), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein(MAVS), as well as TANK binding kinase 1(TBK1), inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK) ?, IKKα, IKKβ,IFN regulatory factor(IRF) 7, nuclear factor of kappa B(NF-κB), IFN-α, IFN-β, various interleukins(ILs), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β(MIP-1β) were significantly upregulated in the trachea and downregulated in the kidney. These results suggested that the TLR and MDA5 signaling pathways and innate immune cytokine were induced after IBV infection. Additionally,consistent responses to IBV infection were observed during early infection, with differential and complicated responses in the kidney.
文摘Methods mRNA level of TLR9 and interferon （IFN） regulatory factor 5 （IRF5） in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. IFN-a expression was measured in the serum of the SLE patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results TLR9 expression was significantly higher in SLE patients than that in health controls （P=0.011）. SLE patients with positive anti-dsDNA antibody had significantly higher expression of TLR9 than that with negative anti-dsDNA antibody （P=0.001）. TLR9 expression was positively correlated with fever （P=0.017）, alopecia （P=0.046）, safety of estrogens in lupus erythematosus national assessment SLE disease activity index （SELENA-SLEDAI） score （rs=0.385, P=0.003）, and the level of IRF5 （rs=0.35, P=0.027） and IFN-a （rs=0.627, P=0.001） in SLE patients. Conclusion TLR9 is associated with SLE disease activity and might be involved in the IFN-a pathway of SLE.
