Aluminum alloy is widely applied to the aerospace field.However,the inspection of thin plates using Time-of-Flight Diffraction(TOFD)technique is restricted by the near-surface dead zone because of the coupling between...Aluminum alloy is widely applied to the aerospace field.However,the inspection of thin plates using Time-of-Flight Diffraction(TOFD)technique is restricted by the near-surface dead zone because of the coupling between diffracted longitudinal wave and lateral wave.The halfskip mode-converted wave is introduced to decrease dead zone and detect defects in aluminum alloy thin plates by increasing ray path and propagation time.The quantitative correlation for the diffracted shear wave from longitudinal back-wall wave is deduced in combination with the acoustic path,realizing the accurate location of shallow subsurface defects.Simulated and experimental results indicate that the dead zone is decreased by 38% by the half-skip mode-converted wave,and the location errors are within 5% for the aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 7.0 mm.Compared to other alternative TOFD techniques,half-skip mode-converted wave has better response amplitude and positioning accuracy,demonstrating strong applicability in TOFD inspection of thin plates.展开更多
The shallow subsurface defects are difficult to be identified and quantified by ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction(TOFD)due to the low resolution induced by pulse width and beam spreading.In this paper,Sparse-SAFT ...The shallow subsurface defects are difficult to be identified and quantified by ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction(TOFD)due to the low resolution induced by pulse width and beam spreading.In this paper,Sparse-SAFT is proposed to improve the time resolution and lateral resolution in TOFD imaging by combining sparse deconvolution and synthetic aperture focusing technique(SAFT).The mathematical model in the frequency domain is established based on the l1 and l2 norm constraints,and the optimization problem is solved for enhancing time resolution.On this basis,SAFT is employed to improve lateral resolution by delay-and-sum beamforming.The simulated and experimental results indicate that the lateral wave and tip-diffracted waves can be decoupled with Sparse-SAFT.The shallow subsurface defects with a height of 3.0 mm at the depth of 3.0 mm were detected quantitatively,and the relative measurement errors of flaw heights and depths were no more than 10.3%.Compared to conventional SAFT,the time resolution and lateral resolution are enhanced by 72.5 and 56%with Sparse-SAFT,respectively.Finally,the proposed method is also suitable for improving resolution to detect the defects beyond dead zone.展开更多
An experiment facility has been set up for the study of metal cluster compounds in our laboratory, which consists of a nano-electrospray ionization source, an ion transmission and focus system, and a reflectron time-o...An experiment facility has been set up for the study of metal cluster compounds in our laboratory, which consists of a nano-electrospray ionization source, an ion transmission and focus system, and a reflectron time-of-fight mass spectrometer. Taking advantage of the nano-electrospray ionization source, polyvalent ions are usually produced in the ＂ionization＂ process and the obtained mass resolution of the equipment is over 8000. The molecular ion peaks of metal cluster compounds [Au20（PPhpy2）10Cl2]（SbF6）4, where PPhpy2=bis（2- pyridyl）phenylphosphine, and [AuaAg2（C）L6]（BF4）4, where L=2-（diphenylphosphino）-5- methylpyridine, are distinguished in the respective mass spectrum, accompanied by some fragment ion peaks. In addition, the mass-to-charge ratios of the parent ions are determi- nated. Preliminary results suggest that the device is a powerful tool for the study of metal cluster compounds. It turns out that the information obtained by the instrumentation serves as an essential supplement to single crystal X-ray diffraction for structure characterization of metal cluster compounds.展开更多
TOFD技术全称Time of Flight Diffraction(衍射时差法),是利用缺陷端部的衍射波的传播时间差进行缺陷定量的一种无损检测方法,在国外工业无损检测领域已得到广泛应用,欧、美、日均已推出相应的应用标准。近几年来,国内水电行业也在进行...TOFD技术全称Time of Flight Diffraction(衍射时差法),是利用缺陷端部的衍射波的传播时间差进行缺陷定量的一种无损检测方法,在国外工业无损检测领域已得到广泛应用,欧、美、日均已推出相应的应用标准。近几年来,国内水电行业也在进行引进试用。介绍了应用TOFD法时,探头角度及间距的选择经验以及对拼板对接焊缝中气孔等缺陷检测中显示的图谱进行了分析。展开更多
通过Hamming窗加权方法设计了幅度加权调频编码激励信号,将这种新型的激励方法与TOFD(Time-of-flight diffraction)检测方法相结合,综合提高了粗晶奥氏体不锈钢焊缝缺陷检测的时间分辨力、检测信噪比和缺陷定量定位精度,有效改善了粗晶...通过Hamming窗加权方法设计了幅度加权调频编码激励信号,将这种新型的激励方法与TOFD(Time-of-flight diffraction)检测方法相结合,综合提高了粗晶奥氏体不锈钢焊缝缺陷检测的时间分辨力、检测信噪比和缺陷定量定位精度,有效改善了粗晶焊缝超声检测中的难点问题。为分析设计的幅度加权调频编码激励信号的检测能力,针对奥氏体不锈钢母材试件和焊缝试件中的横孔缺陷,采用5 MHz探头分别进行了编码激励和常规激励的TOFD成像检测对比试验,结果表明:在相同的检测条件下,幅度加权调频编码激励可提高了图像和信号质量,使检测信号中的杂波和噪声得到抑制,缺陷上端和下端衍射波被准确区分,使各波形的时间宽度降低了30%,有效提高了TOFD检测的时间分辨力;获得的缺陷定位定量测量的平均相对误差为3.8%,较常规激励降低了47%,这种激励方法可在不提高激励电压和增益条件下,使不锈钢焊缝中缺陷检测的信噪比达16 d B以上,较常规激励平均提高了7 d B。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0709003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275520 and 51775087).
文摘Aluminum alloy is widely applied to the aerospace field.However,the inspection of thin plates using Time-of-Flight Diffraction(TOFD)technique is restricted by the near-surface dead zone because of the coupling between diffracted longitudinal wave and lateral wave.The halfskip mode-converted wave is introduced to decrease dead zone and detect defects in aluminum alloy thin plates by increasing ray path and propagation time.The quantitative correlation for the diffracted shear wave from longitudinal back-wall wave is deduced in combination with the acoustic path,realizing the accurate location of shallow subsurface defects.Simulated and experimental results indicate that the dead zone is decreased by 38% by the half-skip mode-converted wave,and the location errors are within 5% for the aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 7.0 mm.Compared to other alternative TOFD techniques,half-skip mode-converted wave has better response amplitude and positioning accuracy,demonstrating strong applicability in TOFD inspection of thin plates.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0709003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905079)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1902082).
文摘The shallow subsurface defects are difficult to be identified and quantified by ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction(TOFD)due to the low resolution induced by pulse width and beam spreading.In this paper,Sparse-SAFT is proposed to improve the time resolution and lateral resolution in TOFD imaging by combining sparse deconvolution and synthetic aperture focusing technique(SAFT).The mathematical model in the frequency domain is established based on the l1 and l2 norm constraints,and the optimization problem is solved for enhancing time resolution.On this basis,SAFT is employed to improve lateral resolution by delay-and-sum beamforming.The simulated and experimental results indicate that the lateral wave and tip-diffracted waves can be decoupled with Sparse-SAFT.The shallow subsurface defects with a height of 3.0 mm at the depth of 3.0 mm were detected quantitatively,and the relative measurement errors of flaw heights and depths were no more than 10.3%.Compared to conventional SAFT,the time resolution and lateral resolution are enhanced by 72.5 and 56%with Sparse-SAFT,respectively.Finally,the proposed method is also suitable for improving resolution to detect the defects beyond dead zone.
文摘An experiment facility has been set up for the study of metal cluster compounds in our laboratory, which consists of a nano-electrospray ionization source, an ion transmission and focus system, and a reflectron time-of-fight mass spectrometer. Taking advantage of the nano-electrospray ionization source, polyvalent ions are usually produced in the ＂ionization＂ process and the obtained mass resolution of the equipment is over 8000. The molecular ion peaks of metal cluster compounds [Au20（PPhpy2）10Cl2]（SbF6）4, where PPhpy2=bis（2- pyridyl）phenylphosphine, and [AuaAg2（C）L6]（BF4）4, where L=2-（diphenylphosphino）-5- methylpyridine, are distinguished in the respective mass spectrum, accompanied by some fragment ion peaks. In addition, the mass-to-charge ratios of the parent ions are determi- nated. Preliminary results suggest that the device is a powerful tool for the study of metal cluster compounds. It turns out that the information obtained by the instrumentation serves as an essential supplement to single crystal X-ray diffraction for structure characterization of metal cluster compounds.
文摘TOFD技术全称Time of Flight Diffraction(衍射时差法),是利用缺陷端部的衍射波的传播时间差进行缺陷定量的一种无损检测方法,在国外工业无损检测领域已得到广泛应用,欧、美、日均已推出相应的应用标准。近几年来,国内水电行业也在进行引进试用。介绍了应用TOFD法时,探头角度及间距的选择经验以及对拼板对接焊缝中气孔等缺陷检测中显示的图谱进行了分析。
文摘通过Hamming窗加权方法设计了幅度加权调频编码激励信号,将这种新型的激励方法与TOFD(Time-of-flight diffraction)检测方法相结合,综合提高了粗晶奥氏体不锈钢焊缝缺陷检测的时间分辨力、检测信噪比和缺陷定量定位精度,有效改善了粗晶焊缝超声检测中的难点问题。为分析设计的幅度加权调频编码激励信号的检测能力,针对奥氏体不锈钢母材试件和焊缝试件中的横孔缺陷,采用5 MHz探头分别进行了编码激励和常规激励的TOFD成像检测对比试验,结果表明:在相同的检测条件下,幅度加权调频编码激励可提高了图像和信号质量,使检测信号中的杂波和噪声得到抑制,缺陷上端和下端衍射波被准确区分,使各波形的时间宽度降低了30%,有效提高了TOFD检测的时间分辨力;获得的缺陷定位定量测量的平均相对误差为3.8%,较常规激励降低了47%,这种激励方法可在不提高激励电压和增益条件下,使不锈钢焊缝中缺陷检测的信噪比达16 d B以上,较常规激励平均提高了7 d B。
