研究了对电压源变流器型高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter-high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的电压和电流的限幅控制。通过建立VSC-HVDC的离散化状态方程,分析电压、电流的稳态限幅控制和电流的动态限幅控制的关系,设...研究了对电压源变流器型高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter-high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的电压和电流的限幅控制。通过建立VSC-HVDC的离散化状态方程,分析电压、电流的稳态限幅控制和电流的动态限幅控制的关系,设计了电流可工作范围的预测方法。建立了VSC-HVDC的串级控制系统,用外环控制功率目标,内环控制电流,在两环间加入动态限幅环节。对VSC-HVDC系统的启动状态和接收电网发生接地故障进行仿真,仿真显示动态电流限幅措施可以大大减小系统的波动和恢复时间,说明动态电流限幅对提高控制系统动态响应速度有明显效果。展开更多
In situ carbonate U-Pb dating is gaining popularity,and it has great potential for application in petroleum geology.However,the low U content(<10μg/g)and high common Pb content of carbonate minerals,along with the...In situ carbonate U-Pb dating is gaining popularity,and it has great potential for application in petroleum geology.However,the low U content(<10μg/g)and high common Pb content of carbonate minerals,along with the uneven distribution of U and Pb and the lack of matrix-matched reference material make carbonate U-Pb dating inaccurate and less successful,which limits the widespread application in geosciences.This study evaluated the limitations of in situ carbonate U-Pb dating and proposed a method to rationally determine the laser ablation parameters of samples by improving the experimental approach based on the laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-SF-ICP-MS).By setting a different spot size and laser frequency for the reference material and unknown samples in the same session based on the U content of the sample,the ablation craters of the reference material and unknown samples were given the same depth/width ratio,avoiding systematic offset caused by differences in down-hole element fractionation and reducing the consume of reference material.Depending on the heterogeneous distribution of U and Pb contents in carbonate minerals,the method of grid screening and setting ablation spots during screening were used to quickly select domains with high U and low common Pb,which improves the efficiency of setting laser spots and the success rate of dating,as well as reduces the experimental time and economic cost.The accuracy and success rate of carbonate U-Pb dating were effectively improved by improving the experimental method,and the technique was applied to two carbonate samples with low U and high common Pb contents that were difficult to date by traditional methods.The two samples are the saddle dolomite in the central Sichuan Basin and the calcite cement in the sandstone reservoir of the Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the South Junggar Basin.The robust ages have been obtained,which constrains the timing of the diagenetic and hydrocarbon accumulation process in the studied展开更多
文摘研究了对电压源变流器型高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter-high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的电压和电流的限幅控制。通过建立VSC-HVDC的离散化状态方程,分析电压、电流的稳态限幅控制和电流的动态限幅控制的关系,设计了电流可工作范围的预测方法。建立了VSC-HVDC的串级控制系统,用外环控制功率目标,内环控制电流,在两环间加入动态限幅环节。对VSC-HVDC系统的启动状态和接收电网发生接地故障进行仿真,仿真显示动态电流限幅措施可以大大减小系统的波动和恢复时间,说明动态电流限幅对提高控制系统动态响应速度有明显效果。
基金supported by the Scientific Research and Technological Development Project of China National Petroleum Corporation (Grant Nos.2021DJ0105,2021DJ0203,2021DJ0303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42172164,42002177)。
文摘In situ carbonate U-Pb dating is gaining popularity,and it has great potential for application in petroleum geology.However,the low U content(<10μg/g)and high common Pb content of carbonate minerals,along with the uneven distribution of U and Pb and the lack of matrix-matched reference material make carbonate U-Pb dating inaccurate and less successful,which limits the widespread application in geosciences.This study evaluated the limitations of in situ carbonate U-Pb dating and proposed a method to rationally determine the laser ablation parameters of samples by improving the experimental approach based on the laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-SF-ICP-MS).By setting a different spot size and laser frequency for the reference material and unknown samples in the same session based on the U content of the sample,the ablation craters of the reference material and unknown samples were given the same depth/width ratio,avoiding systematic offset caused by differences in down-hole element fractionation and reducing the consume of reference material.Depending on the heterogeneous distribution of U and Pb contents in carbonate minerals,the method of grid screening and setting ablation spots during screening were used to quickly select domains with high U and low common Pb,which improves the efficiency of setting laser spots and the success rate of dating,as well as reduces the experimental time and economic cost.The accuracy and success rate of carbonate U-Pb dating were effectively improved by improving the experimental method,and the technique was applied to two carbonate samples with low U and high common Pb contents that were difficult to date by traditional methods.The two samples are the saddle dolomite in the central Sichuan Basin and the calcite cement in the sandstone reservoir of the Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the South Junggar Basin.The robust ages have been obtained,which constrains the timing of the diagenetic and hydrocarbon accumulation process in the studied
