The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence fa...The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource were discussed.展开更多
In this paper,overcharge behaviors and thermal runaway(TR)features of large format lithium-ion(Liion)cells with different cathode materials(LiFePO4(LFP),Li[Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)]O_(2)(NCM111),Li[Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_...In this paper,overcharge behaviors and thermal runaway(TR)features of large format lithium-ion(Liion)cells with different cathode materials(LiFePO4(LFP),Li[Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)]O_(2)(NCM111),Li[Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)]O_(2)(NCM622)and Li[Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)]O_(2)(NCM811))were investigated.The results showed that,under the same overcharge condition,the TR of LFP Li-ion cell occurred earlier compared with the NCM Li-ion cells,indicating its poor overcharge tolerance and high TR risk.However,when TR occurred,LFP Li-ion cell exhibited lower maximum temperature and mild TR response.All NCM Liion cells caught fire or exploded during TR,while the LFP Li-ion cell only released a large amount of smoke without fire.According to the overcharge behaviors and TR features,a safety assessment score system was proposed to evaluate the safety of the cells.In short,NCM Li-ion cells have better performance in energy density and overcharge tolerance(or low TR risk),while LFP Li-ion cell showed less severe response to overcharging(or less TR hazards).For NCM Li-ion cells,as the ratio of nickel in cathode material increases,the thermal stability of the cathode materials becomes poorer,and the TR hazards increase.Such a comparison study on large format Li-ion cells with different cathode materials can provide deeper insights into the overcharge behaviors and TR features,and provide guidance for engineers to reasonably choose battery materials in automotive applications.展开更多
为了研究不同驯化温度对南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)幼鱼热耐受性特征的影响,在水温为10℃、20℃和30℃的条件下,对南方鲇幼鱼((16.9±0.3)g)进行2周的驯化,以1℃.h-1的变温速率连续观测实验鱼的耐受温度,各驯化温度下的最...为了研究不同驯化温度对南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)幼鱼热耐受性特征的影响,在水温为10℃、20℃和30℃的条件下,对南方鲇幼鱼((16.9±0.3)g)进行2周的驯化,以1℃.h-1的变温速率连续观测实验鱼的耐受温度,各驯化温度下的最大临界温度(CTmax)、最大致死温度(LTmax)、最小临界温度(CTmin)和最小致死温度(LTmin)分别为34.13℃、38.22℃、39.41℃;34.84℃、38.63℃、39.53℃;4.88℃、5.90℃、9.80℃;4.12℃、5.03℃、8.29℃。结果表明:最大临界温度和最大致死温度随驯化温度的升高而增大,最小临界温度和最小致死温度随驯化温度的降低而减小;经计算,南方鲇幼鱼在各驯化温度下的温度耐受幅分别为29.25℃、32.32℃和29.61℃;在10℃～20℃的驯化温度范围内高、低温驯化反应率分别为0.41和0.12,而在20℃～30℃驯化温度范围内高、低温驯化反应率分别为0.10和0.39;热耐受区域面积为617.5℃2;证明南方鲇幼鱼的热耐受性明显有赖于驯化温度。展开更多
A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in...A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in antisense transgenic tomato plants. The deduced amino acid sequence had four histidine-rich regions, of which three regions were highly conserved throughout the whole ω-3 fatty acid desaturasegene family. Southern blotting analysis showed that LeFAD7was encoded by a single copy gene and had two homologous genes in the tomato genome. Northern blot showed that LeFAD7 was expressed in all organs and was especially abundant in leaf tissue. Meanwhile, expression of LeFAD7 was induced by chilling stress （4 ℃）, but was inhibited by high temperature （45 ℃）, in leaves. Transgenic tomato plants were produced by integration of the antisense LeFAD7DNA under the control of a CaMV35S promoter into the genome. Antisense transgenic plants with lower 18 ： 3 content could maintain a higher maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and O2 evolution rate than wild-type plants. These results suggested that silence of the LeFAD7 gene alleviated high-temperature stress. There was also a correlation between the low content of 18 ： 3 resulting from silence of the LeFAD7 gene and tolerance to high-temperature stress.展开更多
文摘The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource were discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1564206,U1764258)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB0105700)+1 种基金the support from China Scholarship Council(No.201806030115)supported by the Department of Energy(DOE),Office of Electricity(OE)at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UL-Battelle LLC under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725。
文摘In this paper,overcharge behaviors and thermal runaway(TR)features of large format lithium-ion(Liion)cells with different cathode materials(LiFePO4(LFP),Li[Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)]O_(2)(NCM111),Li[Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)]O_(2)(NCM622)and Li[Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)]O_(2)(NCM811))were investigated.The results showed that,under the same overcharge condition,the TR of LFP Li-ion cell occurred earlier compared with the NCM Li-ion cells,indicating its poor overcharge tolerance and high TR risk.However,when TR occurred,LFP Li-ion cell exhibited lower maximum temperature and mild TR response.All NCM Liion cells caught fire or exploded during TR,while the LFP Li-ion cell only released a large amount of smoke without fire.According to the overcharge behaviors and TR features,a safety assessment score system was proposed to evaluate the safety of the cells.In short,NCM Li-ion cells have better performance in energy density and overcharge tolerance(or low TR risk),while LFP Li-ion cell showed less severe response to overcharging(or less TR hazards).For NCM Li-ion cells,as the ratio of nickel in cathode material increases,the thermal stability of the cathode materials becomes poorer,and the TR hazards increase.Such a comparison study on large format Li-ion cells with different cathode materials can provide deeper insights into the overcharge behaviors and TR features,and provide guidance for engineers to reasonably choose battery materials in automotive applications.
文摘为了研究不同驯化温度对南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)幼鱼热耐受性特征的影响,在水温为10℃、20℃和30℃的条件下,对南方鲇幼鱼((16.9±0.3)g)进行2周的驯化,以1℃.h-1的变温速率连续观测实验鱼的耐受温度,各驯化温度下的最大临界温度(CTmax)、最大致死温度(LTmax)、最小临界温度(CTmin)和最小致死温度(LTmin)分别为34.13℃、38.22℃、39.41℃;34.84℃、38.63℃、39.53℃;4.88℃、5.90℃、9.80℃;4.12℃、5.03℃、8.29℃。结果表明:最大临界温度和最大致死温度随驯化温度的升高而增大,最小临界温度和最小致死温度随驯化温度的降低而减小;经计算,南方鲇幼鱼在各驯化温度下的温度耐受幅分别为29.25℃、32.32℃和29.61℃;在10℃～20℃的驯化温度范围内高、低温驯化反应率分别为0.41和0.12,而在20℃～30℃驯化温度范围内高、低温驯化反应率分别为0.10和0.39;热耐受区域面积为617.5℃2;证明南方鲇幼鱼的热耐受性明显有赖于驯化温度。
基金Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China （G1998010100） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30471053）.
文摘A chloroplast-localized tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （LeFADT） was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures, and function in antisense transgenic tomato plants. The deduced amino acid sequence had four histidine-rich regions, of which three regions were highly conserved throughout the whole ω-3 fatty acid desaturasegene family. Southern blotting analysis showed that LeFAD7was encoded by a single copy gene and had two homologous genes in the tomato genome. Northern blot showed that LeFAD7 was expressed in all organs and was especially abundant in leaf tissue. Meanwhile, expression of LeFAD7 was induced by chilling stress （4 ℃）, but was inhibited by high temperature （45 ℃）, in leaves. Transgenic tomato plants were produced by integration of the antisense LeFAD7DNA under the control of a CaMV35S promoter into the genome. Antisense transgenic plants with lower 18 ： 3 content could maintain a higher maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and O2 evolution rate than wild-type plants. These results suggested that silence of the LeFAD7 gene alleviated high-temperature stress. There was also a correlation between the low content of 18 ： 3 resulting from silence of the LeFAD7 gene and tolerance to high-temperature stress.
