部分或有条件自动驾驶车辆允许驾驶员将驾驶任务移交给自动驾驶系统,但驾驶员仍需对驾驶环境进行监测,若发生紧急事件或驾驶环境超出系统运行设计域等情况,驾驶员需要及时接管车辆。影响驾驶接管过程的因素主要包括:人因、交通环境以及...部分或有条件自动驾驶车辆允许驾驶员将驾驶任务移交给自动驾驶系统,但驾驶员仍需对驾驶环境进行监测,若发生紧急事件或驾驶环境超出系统运行设计域等情况,驾驶员需要及时接管车辆。影响驾驶接管过程的因素主要包括:人因、交通环境以及人-机交互系统。本文分析了驾驶员认知负荷特性等人因对接管过程和接管时间预算的影响。分析发现,驾驶员长时间脱离驾驶任务会导致其陷入被动疲劳或驾驶分心状态,从而降低接管绩效。适当的非驾驶任务可以使驾驶员保持一定的认知负荷,降低驾驶员的被动疲劳水平。结合网联技术的应用可以多次发出预警信号,提高接管绩效。本文讨论了交通密度、道路条件等交通环境对接管时驾驶员感知、认知及决策的影响,探讨混合交通下过渡区智能网联车辆控制权切换(Transitions of Control,ToC)的管理问题。在复杂道路交通下,驾驶员需要更多时间恢复对环境的感知,且驾驶员在弯道接管车辆时更容易出现较大横向偏差。在混合交通环境中,为防止过渡区出现集中的ToC,可以制定相应交通管理措施,以降低过渡区域中车辆之间的相互干扰。本文还分析了视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉及其组合类型交互方式的优、缺点,讨论网联环境下人-机交互系统设计以及ToC形式。单个的交互方式有其自身的优、缺点,多种类型相结合的交互形式能形成优势互补,及时地将接管信息传递给驾驶员,并将其注意力集中于对环境的感知。网联技术发展使得可利用的行车信息的数量和种类都有所提高,网联信息需要更好地呈现策略,以保证人-机交互界面具有较高的可用性和接受性,为驾驶员提供更加准确的交互信息。同时,利用驾驶员状态识别技术实时监测驾驶员所处状态,并通过人-机交互系统提醒驾驶员,使其保持警觉,提高接管绩效。未来研究�展开更多
In primate species with social systems consisting of one-male breeding units （OMUs）, resident male takeover represents a major challenge to individual reproductive success and mating strategies. The golden snub-nose...In primate species with social systems consisting of one-male breeding units （OMUs）, resident male takeover represents a major challenge to individual reproductive success and mating strategies. The golden snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus roxellana） is characterized by large multilevel societies （MLS） comprised of several OMUs and all-male units （AMUs）; however, the factors and mechanisms associated with resident male takeover, which offer important insight into primate reproduction and social strategies, are still poorly understood. Based on 5-year monitoring data from a free-ranging herd of golden monkeys from the Qinling Mountains in China, we categorized three phases of an OMU, that is, a rising phase, developing phase, and declining phase. The rising and declining phases were unstable periods in which male takeover in an OMU might occur. Factors causing takeover, such as leader male rank, fighting ability, reproduction rate, and affiliation （proximity, allogrooming）, were analyzed for males and females and for different OMUs. Results indicated that the new resident male＇s fighting ability was lower than that of the former resident male in 23 cases. After replacement, the rank order of the new resident male significantly declined. Females involved in a takeover increased their distance from the resident male and decreased mating frequency during the three months prior to takeover. Females with infants under one-year-old had a marked effect on the specific time of takeover occurrence. These results suggested that female choice was the main factor deciding whether a takeover attempt was successful. Furthermore, rather than male conflict, females more often initiated and affected takeover and outcome, implying that the social status and competitive ability of the males played lesser roles during takeover.展开更多
文摘部分或有条件自动驾驶车辆允许驾驶员将驾驶任务移交给自动驾驶系统,但驾驶员仍需对驾驶环境进行监测,若发生紧急事件或驾驶环境超出系统运行设计域等情况,驾驶员需要及时接管车辆。影响驾驶接管过程的因素主要包括:人因、交通环境以及人-机交互系统。本文分析了驾驶员认知负荷特性等人因对接管过程和接管时间预算的影响。分析发现,驾驶员长时间脱离驾驶任务会导致其陷入被动疲劳或驾驶分心状态,从而降低接管绩效。适当的非驾驶任务可以使驾驶员保持一定的认知负荷,降低驾驶员的被动疲劳水平。结合网联技术的应用可以多次发出预警信号,提高接管绩效。本文讨论了交通密度、道路条件等交通环境对接管时驾驶员感知、认知及决策的影响,探讨混合交通下过渡区智能网联车辆控制权切换(Transitions of Control,ToC)的管理问题。在复杂道路交通下,驾驶员需要更多时间恢复对环境的感知,且驾驶员在弯道接管车辆时更容易出现较大横向偏差。在混合交通环境中,为防止过渡区出现集中的ToC,可以制定相应交通管理措施,以降低过渡区域中车辆之间的相互干扰。本文还分析了视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉及其组合类型交互方式的优、缺点,讨论网联环境下人-机交互系统设计以及ToC形式。单个的交互方式有其自身的优、缺点,多种类型相结合的交互形式能形成优势互补,及时地将接管信息传递给驾驶员,并将其注意力集中于对环境的感知。网联技术发展使得可利用的行车信息的数量和种类都有所提高,网联信息需要更好地呈现策略,以保证人-机交互界面具有较高的可用性和接受性,为驾驶员提供更加准确的交互信息。同时,利用驾驶员状态识别技术实时监测驾驶员所处状态,并通过人-机交互系统提醒驾驶员,使其保持警觉,提高接管绩效。未来研究�
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China(31470455,31622053,31730104)National Key Program of Research and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0503200)Northwest University Graduate Innovation and Creativity Funds(YZZ17156)
文摘In primate species with social systems consisting of one-male breeding units （OMUs）, resident male takeover represents a major challenge to individual reproductive success and mating strategies. The golden snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus roxellana） is characterized by large multilevel societies （MLS） comprised of several OMUs and all-male units （AMUs）; however, the factors and mechanisms associated with resident male takeover, which offer important insight into primate reproduction and social strategies, are still poorly understood. Based on 5-year monitoring data from a free-ranging herd of golden monkeys from the Qinling Mountains in China, we categorized three phases of an OMU, that is, a rising phase, developing phase, and declining phase. The rising and declining phases were unstable periods in which male takeover in an OMU might occur. Factors causing takeover, such as leader male rank, fighting ability, reproduction rate, and affiliation （proximity, allogrooming）, were analyzed for males and females and for different OMUs. Results indicated that the new resident male＇s fighting ability was lower than that of the former resident male in 23 cases. After replacement, the rank order of the new resident male significantly declined. Females involved in a takeover increased their distance from the resident male and decreased mating frequency during the three months prior to takeover. Females with infants under one-year-old had a marked effect on the specific time of takeover occurrence. These results suggested that female choice was the main factor deciding whether a takeover attempt was successful. Furthermore, rather than male conflict, females more often initiated and affected takeover and outcome, implying that the social status and competitive ability of the males played lesser roles during takeover.
