Groundwater is the most important source of water in the Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin. In this study, to generate a map of groundwater pollution vulnerability of the basin, the standard DRASTIC method has been applied. Due...Groundwater is the most important source of water in the Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin. In this study, to generate a map of groundwater pollution vulnerability of the basin, the standard DRASTIC method has been applied. Due to the close relation between lineament density and groundwater flow and yield, the lineament density map was applied to the standard DRASTIC model in order to ensure accuracy towards the consideration of the effects of potential vulnerability to contamination. A lineament map is extracted from Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) satellite imagery using different techniques in remote sensing and GIS. The lineament density map illustrates that only six classes of lineament density can be identified ranged from (0 - 2.4). The lineament density map was rated and weighted and then converted to lineament index map. This index map is an additional parameter which was added to the standard DRASTIC model so as to map the modi?ed DRASTIC vulnerability in HSB. The standard vulnerability map, classified the basin into four vulnerability index zones: very low (34%), low (13%), moderate (48%) and high (5%). While the modified model classified the area into four categories as well: very low (28.75%), low (14.31%), moderate (46.91%) and high (10.04%). The results demonstrate that there is no significant variation in the rate of vulnerability. Therefore, the nitrate concentration between two different seasons (dry and wet) was analyzed from (30) water wells, considerable variations in nitrate concentration from dry to wet seasons had been noted. Consequently, it confirmed that the HSB are capable to receive the contaminant because of suitability in terms of geological and hydrogeological conditions. Based on this verification, it could be claimed that the effect of lineament density is weak on the vulnerability system in HSB, because of its low density value.展开更多
时尚科技栏目自开办以来,得到了很多读者的支持和帮助,他们为我们提出了很多宝贵的建议和意见,其中包括希望能够看到更多的国际顶尖IT企业的最新技术和产品等。为了更好地服务于我们的读者,时尚科技栏目从本期起,将逐步为大家介绍这方...时尚科技栏目自开办以来,得到了很多读者的支持和帮助,他们为我们提出了很多宝贵的建议和意见,其中包括希望能够看到更多的国际顶尖IT企业的最新技术和产品等。为了更好地服务于我们的读者,时尚科技栏目从本期起,将逐步为大家介绍这方面的内容。一直以来,在各种选择的网络空间,作为全球领先的网络软硬件及服务的提供商,Sun被公认为“网络规则”的制定者。从80年代初提出“为开明思想建立开放系统”,90年代转向“网络就是计算机”,到新世纪到来之际率先提出“Com The World”,Sun公司凭借其强大的技术实力,使之思想理念一步步成为现实。因此,从本期起,时尚科技栏目大力推出“Sun之园”,以全面展示互联网上那颗“不落的太阳”。展开更多
文摘Groundwater is the most important source of water in the Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin. In this study, to generate a map of groundwater pollution vulnerability of the basin, the standard DRASTIC method has been applied. Due to the close relation between lineament density and groundwater flow and yield, the lineament density map was applied to the standard DRASTIC model in order to ensure accuracy towards the consideration of the effects of potential vulnerability to contamination. A lineament map is extracted from Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) satellite imagery using different techniques in remote sensing and GIS. The lineament density map illustrates that only six classes of lineament density can be identified ranged from (0 - 2.4). The lineament density map was rated and weighted and then converted to lineament index map. This index map is an additional parameter which was added to the standard DRASTIC model so as to map the modi?ed DRASTIC vulnerability in HSB. The standard vulnerability map, classified the basin into four vulnerability index zones: very low (34%), low (13%), moderate (48%) and high (5%). While the modified model classified the area into four categories as well: very low (28.75%), low (14.31%), moderate (46.91%) and high (10.04%). The results demonstrate that there is no significant variation in the rate of vulnerability. Therefore, the nitrate concentration between two different seasons (dry and wet) was analyzed from (30) water wells, considerable variations in nitrate concentration from dry to wet seasons had been noted. Consequently, it confirmed that the HSB are capable to receive the contaminant because of suitability in terms of geological and hydrogeological conditions. Based on this verification, it could be claimed that the effect of lineament density is weak on the vulnerability system in HSB, because of its low density value.
文摘时尚科技栏目自开办以来,得到了很多读者的支持和帮助,他们为我们提出了很多宝贵的建议和意见,其中包括希望能够看到更多的国际顶尖IT企业的最新技术和产品等。为了更好地服务于我们的读者,时尚科技栏目从本期起,将逐步为大家介绍这方面的内容。一直以来,在各种选择的网络空间,作为全球领先的网络软硬件及服务的提供商,Sun被公认为“网络规则”的制定者。从80年代初提出“为开明思想建立开放系统”,90年代转向“网络就是计算机”,到新世纪到来之际率先提出“Com The World”,Sun公司凭借其强大的技术实力,使之思想理念一步步成为现实。因此,从本期起,时尚科技栏目大力推出“Sun之园”,以全面展示互联网上那颗“不落的太阳”。
