Transforming growth factor β （TGFβ） controls cellular behavior in embryonic and adult tissues. TGFβ binding to serine/threonine kinase receptors on the plasma membrane activates Smad molecules and additional sign...Transforming growth factor β （TGFβ） controls cellular behavior in embryonic and adult tissues. TGFβ binding to serine/threonine kinase receptors on the plasma membrane activates Smad molecules and additional signaling proteins that together regulate gene expression. In this review, mechanisms and models that aim at explaining the coordination between several components of the signaling network downstream of TGFβ are presented. We discuss how the activity and duration of TGFβ receptor/Smad signaling can be regulated by post-translational modifications that affect the stability of key proteins in the pathway. We highlight finks between these mechanisms and human diseases, such as tissue fibrosis and cancer.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) expression, in correlation with histopathological parameters, at the front of invasion in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) and presence of metast...AIM: To evaluate the significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) expression, in correlation with histopathological parameters, at the front of invasion in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) and presence of metastases. METHODS: TGF p immunohistochemical expression was studied in 34 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinomas (pT1). A three-step avidin-biotinylated immuno-peroxidase (ABCu-NCL) staining technique was performed on 4-μm paraffin-embedded tissue sections with a monoclonal antibody to TGF β (Novocastra, NCL-TGFB, clone TGFB 17, dilution 1:40). RESULTS: Seventeen (50%) out of 34 lesions were positive for TGF p expression. The TGF β-positive rate in patients with vascular invasion was significantly higher than in those without vascular invasion (11/14 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.005). The TGF p-positive rate was observed in 91.7% of patients with presence of tumor budding at the front of invasion (11/12 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.0003). A statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of lymph node metastases and positive expression of TGF β (14/16 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.0001). We also observed that the TGF β-positive rates in groups with distant and non-distant metastases were 92.8% and 20% respectively, and a significant correlation between TGF β expression and distant metastasis was shown (P<0.01, P= 0.00003). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of TGF β expression of protein in association with histological parameters can be used as a parameter of the aggressiveness of pT1 CRC.展开更多
Transforming growth factor-β(TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic development and in the maintenance of a...Transforming growth factor-β(TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis.Dysregulation of TGFβ family signaling can lead to a plethora of developmental disorders and diseases,including cancer,immune dysfunction,and fbrosis.In this review,we focus on TGFβ,a well-characterized family member that has a dichotomous role in cancer progression,acting in early stages as a tumor suppressor and in late stages as a tumor promoter.The functions of TGFβ are not limited to the regulation of proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and metastasis of cancer cells.Recent reports have related TGFβ to effects on cells that are present in the tumor microenvironment through the stimulation of extracellular matrix deposition,promotion of angiogenesis,and suppression of the ant-tumor immune reaction.The pro-oncogenic roles of TGFβ have attracted considerable attention because their intervention provides a therapeutic approach for cancer patients.However,the critical function of TGFβin maintaining tissue homeostasis makes targeting TGFβa challenge.Here,we review the pleiotropic functions of TGFβin cancer initiation and progression,summarize the recent clinical advancements regarding TGFβ signaling interventions for cancer treatment,and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities related to targeting this pathway.We provide a perspective on synergistic therapies that combine anti-TGFβ therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy,targeted therapy,radiotherapy,or immunotherapy.展开更多
Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor SREBP-1 induces glomerutoscterosis. TGFI31 is a key profibrotic mediator of g...Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor SREBP-1 induces glomerutoscterosis. TGFI31 is a key profibrotic mediator of glomerutoscterosis, but whether SREBP-1 regulates its effects is unknown. In kidney mesangial cells and in vivo, TGFβI activates SREBP-1. This requires SCAPo SIP0 and PI3K/Akt signaling, but is independent of Smad3. Activation of the TGFβ1-responsive reporter plasmid p3TP-lux requires SREBP-la, but not SREBP-lc, binding to an E-box adjacent to a Smad-binding element. SREBP-la overexpression atone activates p3TP-tux. Smad3 is required for SREBP-la transcriptional activation and TGFβ induces association between the two transcription factors. SREBP-la K333 acetylation by the acetyltransferase CBP is required for Smad3 association and SREBP-1 transcriptional activity, and is also required for Smad3 transcriptional activity. Thus, both Smad3 and SREBP-la activation cooperatively regulate TGFβ transcriptional responses. SREBP-1 inhibition provides a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease.展开更多
文摘Transforming growth factor β （TGFβ） controls cellular behavior in embryonic and adult tissues. TGFβ binding to serine/threonine kinase receptors on the plasma membrane activates Smad molecules and additional signaling proteins that together regulate gene expression. In this review, mechanisms and models that aim at explaining the coordination between several components of the signaling network downstream of TGFβ are presented. We discuss how the activity and duration of TGFβ receptor/Smad signaling can be regulated by post-translational modifications that affect the stability of key proteins in the pathway. We highlight finks between these mechanisms and human diseases, such as tissue fibrosis and cancer.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) expression, in correlation with histopathological parameters, at the front of invasion in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) and presence of metastases. METHODS: TGF p immunohistochemical expression was studied in 34 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinomas (pT1). A three-step avidin-biotinylated immuno-peroxidase (ABCu-NCL) staining technique was performed on 4-μm paraffin-embedded tissue sections with a monoclonal antibody to TGF β (Novocastra, NCL-TGFB, clone TGFB 17, dilution 1:40). RESULTS: Seventeen (50%) out of 34 lesions were positive for TGF p expression. The TGF β-positive rate in patients with vascular invasion was significantly higher than in those without vascular invasion (11/14 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.005). The TGF p-positive rate was observed in 91.7% of patients with presence of tumor budding at the front of invasion (11/12 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.0003). A statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of lymph node metastases and positive expression of TGF β (14/16 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.0001). We also observed that the TGF β-positive rates in groups with distant and non-distant metastases were 92.8% and 20% respectively, and a significant correlation between TGF β expression and distant metastasis was shown (P<0.01, P= 0.00003). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of TGF β expression of protein in association with histological parameters can be used as a parameter of the aggressiveness of pT1 CRC.
基金We apologize to authors whose papers could not be cited due to space limitations.We are grateful to Dieuwke Marvin and Adilson Fonseca Teixeira for a critical reading and comments.We thank Gerard van der Zon for the immunofluorescent staining images of NMuMG cells.Research on targeting TGFβ for cancer therapy in our laboratory is supported by the Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands。
文摘Transforming growth factor-β(TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis.Dysregulation of TGFβ family signaling can lead to a plethora of developmental disorders and diseases,including cancer,immune dysfunction,and fbrosis.In this review,we focus on TGFβ,a well-characterized family member that has a dichotomous role in cancer progression,acting in early stages as a tumor suppressor and in late stages as a tumor promoter.The functions of TGFβ are not limited to the regulation of proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and metastasis of cancer cells.Recent reports have related TGFβ to effects on cells that are present in the tumor microenvironment through the stimulation of extracellular matrix deposition,promotion of angiogenesis,and suppression of the ant-tumor immune reaction.The pro-oncogenic roles of TGFβ have attracted considerable attention because their intervention provides a therapeutic approach for cancer patients.However,the critical function of TGFβin maintaining tissue homeostasis makes targeting TGFβa challenge.Here,we review the pleiotropic functions of TGFβin cancer initiation and progression,summarize the recent clinical advancements regarding TGFβ signaling interventions for cancer treatment,and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities related to targeting this pathway.We provide a perspective on synergistic therapies that combine anti-TGFβ therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy,targeted therapy,radiotherapy,or immunotherapy.
文摘Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor SREBP-1 induces glomerutoscterosis. TGFI31 is a key profibrotic mediator of glomerutoscterosis, but whether SREBP-1 regulates its effects is unknown. In kidney mesangial cells and in vivo, TGFβI activates SREBP-1. This requires SCAPo SIP0 and PI3K/Akt signaling, but is independent of Smad3. Activation of the TGFβ1-responsive reporter plasmid p3TP-lux requires SREBP-la, but not SREBP-lc, binding to an E-box adjacent to a Smad-binding element. SREBP-la overexpression atone activates p3TP-tux. Smad3 is required for SREBP-la transcriptional activation and TGFβ induces association between the two transcription factors. SREBP-la K333 acetylation by the acetyltransferase CBP is required for Smad3 association and SREBP-1 transcriptional activity, and is also required for Smad3 transcriptional activity. Thus, both Smad3 and SREBP-la activation cooperatively regulate TGFβ transcriptional responses. SREBP-1 inhibition provides a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease.
