Background It is now recognized that Cimicifuga foetida extract is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. But the durations reported were usually short. This paper compares the clinical effects of different reg...Background It is now recognized that Cimicifuga foetida extract is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. But the durations reported were usually short. This paper compares the clinical effects of different regimens of three-month course on climacteric symptoms in Chinese women, so as to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga foefida extract. Methods This was a prospective, randomized trial. Ninety-six early menopausal women were recruited and randomly assigned into 3 groups to take different kinds of medicine for 3 months; participants were given Cimicifuga foefida extract daily in group A （n=32）, given estradiol valerate and progesterone capsule cycle sequentially in group B （n=32）, and given estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate cycle sequentially in group C （n=32）. The questionnaires of Kupperman menopause index, Menopause-Specific Quality of Life, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were finished before and after the treatment. The status of vaginal bleeding and breast tenderness was recorded every day. Results Eighty-nine participants （89/96, 92.7%） completed the treatment. Kupperman menopause index decreased after taking the medicine for 3 months in each group （with all P〈0.001）, but the score after the treatment was higher in group A than in the other 2 groups. Except for the score of sexual domain in group A （P=0.103）, the scores of all domains of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life decreased significantly after the treatment in all groups （with all P〈-0.01）. Score of anxity decreased significantly in group A （P=0.0l 5） and B （P=0.003）. Incidence of breast tenderness was 12.9% （4/31） in groupA, 36.7% （11/30） in group B, and 14.3% （4/28） in group C. Incidence of vaginal bleeding was 6.5% （2/31）in group A, 26.7% （8/30） in group B, and 82.1% （23/28）in group C. Conclusions Cimicifuga foeticla extract is effective and safe in the treatment of menopausal syndrome. It is worth extending its use in the treatment 展开更多
Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida(P.foetida) leaves.Methods:Ethanol extract of P.foetida leaf was evaluated for analgesic action by acetic...Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida(P.foetida) leaves.Methods:Ethanol extract of P.foetida leaf was evaluated for analgesic action by acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate method in albino mice.The anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic leaf extract was tested by carrageenan induced acute paw edema and histamine induced acute paw edema in rats.Results:The dose 200 mg/kg of P. foetida leaf extract exhibited highest significant analgesic activity[(13.50±0.43) min]at a reaction time of 20 min in hot plate method in mice.The ethanol extract of leaf dose 100 mg/kg produced a highly significant anti inflammatory effect[(1.302±0.079) mL]in rats.Conclusions:It is very clear that P.foetida also has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities for the pharmaceuticals.展开更多
Momordica foetida is a plant widely used in tropical Africa to manage gastroenteric diseases. Previous studies demonstrated interesting antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. However, the security o...Momordica foetida is a plant widely used in tropical Africa to manage gastroenteric diseases. Previous studies demonstrated interesting antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. However, the security or toxicity of methanol leaf extract has not been determined yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the leaf extract of Momordica foetida. In the acute toxicity study, a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to rats which were observed for 14 days in order to identify signs of toxicity or death. In the sub-acute toxicity, the animals were treated with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extract for 28 consecutive days. Body weights and behavior were noted throughout the experiment. Upon treatment, blood and urine were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, testes and ovaries were analyzed for relative weights and histopathology. The acute toxicity study of M. foetida leaf extract revealed no signs of toxicity related to the treatment, indicating that the median-lethal-dose (LD50) value is greater than 5000 mg/Kg of body weight. In the sub-acute toxicity assay, the extract did not affect the general behavior of animals, meanwhile, it led to a significant increase in the levels of red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, granulocytes and Mid-Cells (MIDs). Biochemical parameters showed an increase in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, serum urea, serum and urinary glucose and a decrease in urinary proteins, serum creatinine, urinary urea levels, serum activities of AST, ALT and proteins levels, as well as increases in lung, spleen and ovaries relative weight were noticed, all compared to control animals. Histological analysis revealed a normal architecture of kidneys, liver, heart, lung, ovaries and testes. This study provides valuable data on the safety of per os administration of Momordica foetida leaf methanol extract that could be very useful for future assays.展开更多
To enrich the bioactive cycloartane triterpenoid glycoside named actein and find out more cytotoxic cycloartane triterpenes,a phytochemical study of Cimicifuga foetida was conducted.113 g(0.17%)actein was purified by ...To enrich the bioactive cycloartane triterpenoid glycoside named actein and find out more cytotoxic cycloartane triterpenes,a phytochemical study of Cimicifuga foetida was conducted.113 g(0.17%)actein was purified by recrystallization while eight cycloartane-type triterpenes(1-8)were isolated from the mother liquid.The chemical structures of new compounds(1-4)were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses.Moreover,new compounds showed moderate and broad-spectrum cytotoxicity against 5 human cancer cell lines with IC_(50) values ranging from 4.02 to 15.80μM.展开更多
Six new 9,19-cycloartane triterpene derivatives,as well as 3 known analogues(7–9),were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga foetida L.Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyse...Six new 9,19-cycloartane triterpene derivatives,as well as 3 known analogues(7–9),were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga foetida L.Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses(IR,UV,ORD,HRESIMS,1D and 2D NMR).展开更多
Objective:To investigate the content of topoisomerase I-DNA inhibitor alkaloid camptothecin(CPT) from various parts of Nothapodytes foetida(N.foetida) collected from the month of October to February.Methods:The conten...Objective:To investigate the content of topoisomerase I-DNA inhibitor alkaloid camptothecin(CPT) from various parts of Nothapodytes foetida(N.foetida) collected from the month of October to February.Methods:The content of CPT was quantified in the methanolic extract of various parts of N.foetida using high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC).Quantification was performed with the regression analysis and the method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Results:The results revealed that maximum concentrations of camptothecin were found in root(2.62%) collected in the month of February followed by fruits(January,1.22%),stem(January,0.81%) and leaves(February,0.70%).Roots were found to have 3-fold higher concentration of CPT than the leaves and stem,while the fruits showed 2-fold higher concentration.Maximum concentration of camptothecin in fruits was observed in month of January,when they were not fully mature, which was 2-fold higher than that of young and fully mature fruits.Conclusions:These findings indicate that the synthesis of CPT differs in different parts of N.foetida and the content varies periodically.展开更多
Passiflora is a plant genus known for its extremely distinctive and colorful flowers and a wide range of genome size variation.However,how genome characteristics are related to flower traits among Passiflora species r...Passiflora is a plant genus known for its extremely distinctive and colorful flowers and a wide range of genome size variation.However,how genome characteristics are related to flower traits among Passiflora species remains poorly understood.Here,we assembled a chromosome-scale genome of P.foetida,which belongs to the same subgenus as the commercial passionfruit P.edulis.The genome of P.foetida is smaller(424.16 Mb)and contains fewer copies of long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTR-RTs).The disparity in LTR-RTs is one of the main contributors to the differences in genome sizes between these two species and possibly in floral traits.Additionally,we observed variation in insertion times and copy numbers of LTR-RTs across different transposable element(TE)lineages.Then,by integrating transcriptomic data from 33 samples(eight floral organs and flower buds at three developmental stages)with phylogenomic and metabolomic data,we conducted an in-depth analysis of the expression,phylogeny,and copy number of MIKC-type MADS-box genes and identified essential biosynthetic genes responsible for flower color and scent from glandular bracts and other floral organs.Our study pinpoints LRT-RTs as an important player in genome size variation in Passiflora species and provides insights into future genetic improvement.展开更多
Background： It is now recognized that Cimicifuga foetida （C. foetida） extract is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. But the durations reported were usually short, The aim of this study was to investigate...Background： It is now recognized that Cimicifuga foetida （C. foetida） extract is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. But the durations reported were usually short, The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of C. fl）etida extract therapy and different estrogen and progesterone sequential therapies, on the breasts of early postmenopausal women. Methods： This was a prospective randomized trial. Ninety-six early menopausal women were recruited and randomly assigned into three groups treated with different therapies for 2 years. Patients were given C. foetida extract in Group A, estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in Group B, and estradiol valerate and progesterone in Group C. Ultrasonography was used to monitor changes in breast during treatment. Results： In comparing breast glandular section thickness before and after 1 and 2 years of treatment, no significant difference was observed in Group A （11.97 ± 2.84 mm vs. 12.09 ± 2.58 mm and 12.61 ± 3.73 mm, P 〉 0.05）; in Group B glandular section thickness had increased significantly （10.98 ± 2.34 mm vs. 11.84± 2.72 mm and 11.90 ± 3.33 mm, P 〈 0.05） after treatment, the same as Group C （ 11.56 ± 3.03 mm vs. 12.5 ± 3.57 mm and 12.22 ± 4.39 mm P 〈 0.05）. In comparing breast duct width betbre and after 1 and 2 years of treatment, no significant difference was seen in Group A （1.07 ± 0.19 mm vs. 1.02 ±0.18 mm and 0.98 ± 0.21 mm, P 〉 0.05）; in Group B the duct width had a downward trend after treatment （0.99 ± 0.14 mm vs. 0.96 ± 0.22 mm and 0.90 ± 0.18 mm, P 〈 0.05）, the same as Group C （ 1.07 ± 0.20 mm vs. 1.02 ± 0.17 mm and 0.91 ± 0.19 mm, P 〈 0.05）. The nodules detected before treatment had disappeared after 1 -year of treatment or exhibited no distinct changes in the three groups. However, new breast nodules had appeared after 2 years of treatment： There was one case in Group A, two cases in Group B and four cases in Group C, with breast hyperplasia after the molybdenum 展开更多
The northeastern region of India constitutes one of the biodi- versity hotspots of the world. The ethnic groups inhabiting this region practice their distinctive traditional knowledge systems using biodiver- sity for ...The northeastern region of India constitutes one of the biodi- versity hotspots of the world. The ethnic groups inhabiting this region practice their distinctive traditional knowledge systems using biodiver- sity for food, shelter and healthcare. Among the less-studied plants, Paederia foetida has been used by various ethnic tribes as food and medicine. Many of its therapeutic properties relate to the gastrointestinal system and suggest its potential utility for gastrointestinal ailments. This is a review of the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and therapeutic properties of P. foetida compiled from various reports. P. foetida is promising as a remedy for life-style related conditions, especially treat- ment of ulcers. Its utility highlights the need for proper evaluation of tribal plants as medicines and the species could be considered for devel- opment of new drugs.展开更多
Four new 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoids,cimilactone E(1),cimilactone F(2),20-O-(E)-butenoyl-23-epi-26-deoxyactein(3),and 20,12b-O-diacetylcimiracemonol-3-O-b-D-xylopyranoside(4),together with four known constituents(5...Four new 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoids,cimilactone E(1),cimilactone F(2),20-O-(E)-butenoyl-23-epi-26-deoxyactein(3),and 20,12b-O-diacetylcimiracemonol-3-O-b-D-xylopyranoside(4),together with four known constituents(5–8)were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga foetida.The new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis.In addition,compounds 7 and 8 showed significant Wnt signaling pathway inhibitory activity,with IC50 values of 3.33 and 13.34 lM,respectively,using the luciferase reporter gene assay.展开更多
Protein powders from Eisenia foetida were prepared using different drying processes and fractionation. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to show that heat denaturation occurred during the drying process above...Protein powders from Eisenia foetida were prepared using different drying processes and fractionation. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to show that heat denaturation occurred during the drying process above 42°C. Protein solubility was also studied. The addition of dissociating reagents allowed concluding that solubility was decreased during oven drying due to thermo denaturation including hydrogen bonds. The volatile compounds of the different powders were extracted by solid phase micro-extraction and identified by mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds were related to lipid oxidation and Maillard reactions occurring during the preparation of the powders. High drying temperatures led to more volatile compounds resulting from Maillard reactions. In the protein powder preparation process, a fractionation step led to a “pulp fraction” and a “juice fraction” of earthworms. The “pulp fraction” contained less odorant volatile compounds resulting from Maillard reactions than the “juice fraction” did.展开更多
The present report describes the development of quantitative and qualitative foliar micromorphological and architectural features in the field environment which elucidated the adaptation of micropropagated plants of P...The present report describes the development of quantitative and qualitative foliar micromorphological and architectural features in the field environment which elucidated the adaptation of micropropagated plants of Passiflora foetida L. in the natural soil conditions. The field environment(high light intensity in comparison to in vitro culture conditions) promotes the autotrophy through decrease in stomatal index(from 23.2 ± 0.15 to 21.0 ± 0.19), increased vein-islets(from 10.0 ± 0.14 to 15.6 ± 0.24 per square millimeters) and veinlet terminations(from 1.6 ± 0.14 to 5.0 ± 0.20 per square millimeters), and trichome density in P. foetida plantlets. The in vitro and field grown leaves mostly possessed anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata. Two types of trichomes were observed on the surface of leaves of in vitro as well as field transferred plants of P. foetida: the unicellular hairy trichomes(non-glandular), and the multicellular(glandular) trichomes. The trichomes density was less under in vitro conditions as compared to the in vivo environments. The new leaves formed during the ex vitro rooting stage(in greenhouse) and after transplantation of plantlets to the field exhibited the development of adaptive micromorphological features in micropropagated plants, which enabled them to survive under field conditions.展开更多
[ Objective] To explore the effects of synergy between earthworms （ Eisenia foetida） and effective microorganisms （EM） on vermicom. posting of pig manure and to provide a new idea for rational and effective utiliz...[ Objective] To explore the effects of synergy between earthworms （ Eisenia foetida） and effective microorganisms （EM） on vermicom. posting of pig manure and to provide a new idea for rational and effective utilization and treatment of animal manure. [Method] Four treatments were used to compost pig manure, namely, EM-inoculated manure, earthworms-inoculated manure, EM and earthworms-inoculated manure and control （CK） manure. The experiment lasted for 60 d. On Day 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60, the pig manure was collected, and the content of total organic carbon （TOC）, total Kjeldahl nitrogen （TKN）, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and water soluble carbon （WSC） was determined, respectively. [Resuit] Compared with the control, the EM and earthworms-inoculated manure had a decrease of 42.8% in the TOC content, an increase of 13.6% in the TKN content, a decrease of 49.5% in the carbon nitrogen ratio, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen of 98.1%, a 96 times increase in nitrate nitrogen, the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen of 61, and a decrease of 58.9% in the WSC content. [ Conclusion] The synergy between earthworms and EM can accelerate maturation of pig manure and improve mineralization and stability of products.展开更多
Objective: To establish a simple, rapid, precise and accurate high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) method with densitometric detection for the determination of vitexin in Passiflora foetida Linn.(P. foeti...Objective: To establish a simple, rapid, precise and accurate high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) method with densitometric detection for the determination of vitexin in Passiflora foetida Linn.(P. foetida).Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant leaf powder was used for the experimental work.Separation was performed on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with ethyl acetate:methanol: distilled water: formic acid in the proportion of 50:2:3:6(v/v), as the mobile phase. The determination was carried out using the densitometric absorbance mode at340 nm.Results: Vitexin response was linear over the range of 2.5–17.5 mg/m L with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Intraday and interday precision studies showed the relative SD was< 3%. Accuracy of the method was determined and the average recovery was 100.3%.The limit of quantitation and limit of detection were 0.879 and 0.290 mg/m L, respectively.The contents of vitexin in P. foetida leaf extracts were within the range of 0.030%–0.310%.Conclusions: The method was evaluated for sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility. Each analysis by HPTLC is less expensive than current methods. This method is suitable for routine quality control of raw material of the leaves of P. foetida extract and its products.展开更多
The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF,Acaulospora spp.and Glomus spp.) and rice straw and earthworms (RE,Eisenia foetida) on nematode communities and arsenic (As) uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in Asconta...The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF,Acaulospora spp.and Glomus spp.) and rice straw and earthworms (RE,Eisenia foetida) on nematode communities and arsenic (As) uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in Ascontaminated soils were examined in a field experiment conducted in Wujiang,Jiangsu Province,China.The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial with the factors of AMF (inoculated or uninoculated) and RE (added or not added).The results demonstrated that AMF inoculation led to significantly higher root colonization of AMF and root dry weight.Plants inoculated with both AMF and RE had the highest As concentrations in root.The number of total nematodes increased with AMF inoculation when RE was absent,and decreased with RE addition when AMF was inoculated.The improved abundance of nematodes with the AMF treatment implied that the tested AMF acted as food sources for fungivores.The abundances of omnivores-predators and plant parasites were reduced by earthworm activity.Twentyseven genera of nematodes were identified,with Filenchus dominant in all treatments.Trophic diversity,Shannon-Weaver diversity,Simpson dominance index,and species richness indicated higher species diversity,more proportionate species composition,evenly distributed species,and more food sources in the AMF,RE,and their interaction treatments.Maturity index showed a moderately disturbed environment due to As pollution.Besides enhancing plant uptake of contaminants,AMF and RE amendments could also improve soil health by restoring the structure of soil communities,as reflected by more stable nematode community structure.展开更多
Based on extensive literature search,the composition,pharmacology,clini cal applications of Passiflora foetida L,ecological characteristics were summarized with the aim to provide scientific data for further research ...Based on extensive literature search,the composition,pharmacology,clini cal applications of Passiflora foetida L,ecological characteristics were summarized with the aim to provide scientific data for further research and exploitation.展开更多
文摘Background It is now recognized that Cimicifuga foetida extract is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. But the durations reported were usually short. This paper compares the clinical effects of different regimens of three-month course on climacteric symptoms in Chinese women, so as to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga foefida extract. Methods This was a prospective, randomized trial. Ninety-six early menopausal women were recruited and randomly assigned into 3 groups to take different kinds of medicine for 3 months; participants were given Cimicifuga foefida extract daily in group A （n=32）, given estradiol valerate and progesterone capsule cycle sequentially in group B （n=32）, and given estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate cycle sequentially in group C （n=32）. The questionnaires of Kupperman menopause index, Menopause-Specific Quality of Life, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were finished before and after the treatment. The status of vaginal bleeding and breast tenderness was recorded every day. Results Eighty-nine participants （89/96, 92.7%） completed the treatment. Kupperman menopause index decreased after taking the medicine for 3 months in each group （with all P〈0.001）, but the score after the treatment was higher in group A than in the other 2 groups. Except for the score of sexual domain in group A （P=0.103）, the scores of all domains of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life decreased significantly after the treatment in all groups （with all P〈-0.01）. Score of anxity decreased significantly in group A （P=0.0l 5） and B （P=0.003）. Incidence of breast tenderness was 12.9% （4/31） in groupA, 36.7% （11/30） in group B, and 14.3% （4/28） in group C. Incidence of vaginal bleeding was 6.5% （2/31）in group A, 26.7% （8/30） in group B, and 82.1% （23/28）in group C. Conclusions Cimicifuga foeticla extract is effective and safe in the treatment of menopausal syndrome. It is worth extending its use in the treatment
基金supported by University Grants Commission New Delhi(UGC letter No:F.No.37-95/2009(SR)
文摘Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida(P.foetida) leaves.Methods:Ethanol extract of P.foetida leaf was evaluated for analgesic action by acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate method in albino mice.The anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic leaf extract was tested by carrageenan induced acute paw edema and histamine induced acute paw edema in rats.Results:The dose 200 mg/kg of P. foetida leaf extract exhibited highest significant analgesic activity[(13.50±0.43) min]at a reaction time of 20 min in hot plate method in mice.The ethanol extract of leaf dose 100 mg/kg produced a highly significant anti inflammatory effect[(1.302±0.079) mL]in rats.Conclusions:It is very clear that P.foetida also has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities for the pharmaceuticals.
文摘Momordica foetida is a plant widely used in tropical Africa to manage gastroenteric diseases. Previous studies demonstrated interesting antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. However, the security or toxicity of methanol leaf extract has not been determined yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the leaf extract of Momordica foetida. In the acute toxicity study, a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to rats which were observed for 14 days in order to identify signs of toxicity or death. In the sub-acute toxicity, the animals were treated with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extract for 28 consecutive days. Body weights and behavior were noted throughout the experiment. Upon treatment, blood and urine were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, testes and ovaries were analyzed for relative weights and histopathology. The acute toxicity study of M. foetida leaf extract revealed no signs of toxicity related to the treatment, indicating that the median-lethal-dose (LD50) value is greater than 5000 mg/Kg of body weight. In the sub-acute toxicity assay, the extract did not affect the general behavior of animals, meanwhile, it led to a significant increase in the levels of red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, granulocytes and Mid-Cells (MIDs). Biochemical parameters showed an increase in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, serum urea, serum and urinary glucose and a decrease in urinary proteins, serum creatinine, urinary urea levels, serum activities of AST, ALT and proteins levels, as well as increases in lung, spleen and ovaries relative weight were noticed, all compared to control animals. Histological analysis revealed a normal architecture of kidneys, liver, heart, lung, ovaries and testes. This study provides valuable data on the safety of per os administration of Momordica foetida leaf methanol extract that could be very useful for future assays.
基金This research work was financial supported by Programs of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81803396 and U1132604)Autonomous Deployment Project(KIB2017010)of Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS,as well as The Major Program of CAS(No.KSZD-EW-Z-004-01).
文摘To enrich the bioactive cycloartane triterpenoid glycoside named actein and find out more cytotoxic cycloartane triterpenes,a phytochemical study of Cimicifuga foetida was conducted.113 g(0.17%)actein was purified by recrystallization while eight cycloartane-type triterpenes(1-8)were isolated from the mother liquid.The chemical structures of new compounds(1-4)were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses.Moreover,new compounds showed moderate and broad-spectrum cytotoxicity against 5 human cancer cell lines with IC_(50) values ranging from 4.02 to 15.80μM.
基金This project was supported by Program for National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1132604 and 81302670)The Major Deployment Program of the CAS(No.KSZDEW-Z-004-03)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(P2008-ZZ05).
文摘Six new 9,19-cycloartane triterpene derivatives,as well as 3 known analogues(7–9),were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga foetida L.Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses(IR,UV,ORD,HRESIMS,1D and 2D NMR).
基金Supported by Department of Biotechnology(DBT)research grant(Grant No.BT/PR8846/GBD/27/30/2006)
文摘Objective:To investigate the content of topoisomerase I-DNA inhibitor alkaloid camptothecin(CPT) from various parts of Nothapodytes foetida(N.foetida) collected from the month of October to February.Methods:The content of CPT was quantified in the methanolic extract of various parts of N.foetida using high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC).Quantification was performed with the regression analysis and the method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Results:The results revealed that maximum concentrations of camptothecin were found in root(2.62%) collected in the month of February followed by fruits(January,1.22%),stem(January,0.81%) and leaves(February,0.70%).Roots were found to have 3-fold higher concentration of CPT than the leaves and stem,while the fruits showed 2-fold higher concentration.Maximum concentration of camptothecin in fruits was observed in month of January,when they were not fully mature, which was 2-fold higher than that of young and fully mature fruits.Conclusions:These findings indicate that the synthesis of CPT differs in different parts of N.foetida and the content varies periodically.
基金funded by the Guangdong Pearl River Talent Program(grants 2021QN02N792)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(grants JCYJ20220818103212025)+4 种基金the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(STIC:RCYX20200714114538196)the Scientific Research Foundation for Principle Investigator from Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan(grants KIMA-QD2022004)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Elite Youth Program(grants 110243160001007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100184)the Grants from Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology(YNPRAEC-2023001).
文摘Passiflora is a plant genus known for its extremely distinctive and colorful flowers and a wide range of genome size variation.However,how genome characteristics are related to flower traits among Passiflora species remains poorly understood.Here,we assembled a chromosome-scale genome of P.foetida,which belongs to the same subgenus as the commercial passionfruit P.edulis.The genome of P.foetida is smaller(424.16 Mb)and contains fewer copies of long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTR-RTs).The disparity in LTR-RTs is one of the main contributors to the differences in genome sizes between these two species and possibly in floral traits.Additionally,we observed variation in insertion times and copy numbers of LTR-RTs across different transposable element(TE)lineages.Then,by integrating transcriptomic data from 33 samples(eight floral organs and flower buds at three developmental stages)with phylogenomic and metabolomic data,we conducted an in-depth analysis of the expression,phylogeny,and copy number of MIKC-type MADS-box genes and identified essential biosynthetic genes responsible for flower color and scent from glandular bracts and other floral organs.Our study pinpoints LRT-RTs as an important player in genome size variation in Passiflora species and provides insights into future genetic improvement.
文摘Background： It is now recognized that Cimicifuga foetida （C. foetida） extract is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. But the durations reported were usually short, The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of C. fl）etida extract therapy and different estrogen and progesterone sequential therapies, on the breasts of early postmenopausal women. Methods： This was a prospective randomized trial. Ninety-six early menopausal women were recruited and randomly assigned into three groups treated with different therapies for 2 years. Patients were given C. foetida extract in Group A, estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in Group B, and estradiol valerate and progesterone in Group C. Ultrasonography was used to monitor changes in breast during treatment. Results： In comparing breast glandular section thickness before and after 1 and 2 years of treatment, no significant difference was observed in Group A （11.97 ± 2.84 mm vs. 12.09 ± 2.58 mm and 12.61 ± 3.73 mm, P 〉 0.05）; in Group B glandular section thickness had increased significantly （10.98 ± 2.34 mm vs. 11.84± 2.72 mm and 11.90 ± 3.33 mm, P 〈 0.05） after treatment, the same as Group C （ 11.56 ± 3.03 mm vs. 12.5 ± 3.57 mm and 12.22 ± 4.39 mm P 〈 0.05）. In comparing breast duct width betbre and after 1 and 2 years of treatment, no significant difference was seen in Group A （1.07 ± 0.19 mm vs. 1.02 ±0.18 mm and 0.98 ± 0.21 mm, P 〉 0.05）; in Group B the duct width had a downward trend after treatment （0.99 ± 0.14 mm vs. 0.96 ± 0.22 mm and 0.90 ± 0.18 mm, P 〈 0.05）, the same as Group C （ 1.07 ± 0.20 mm vs. 1.02 ± 0.17 mm and 0.91 ± 0.19 mm, P 〈 0.05）. The nodules detected before treatment had disappeared after 1 -year of treatment or exhibited no distinct changes in the three groups. However, new breast nodules had appeared after 2 years of treatment： There was one case in Group A, two cases in Group B and four cases in Group C, with breast hyperplasia after the molybdenum
文摘The northeastern region of India constitutes one of the biodi- versity hotspots of the world. The ethnic groups inhabiting this region practice their distinctive traditional knowledge systems using biodiver- sity for food, shelter and healthcare. Among the less-studied plants, Paederia foetida has been used by various ethnic tribes as food and medicine. Many of its therapeutic properties relate to the gastrointestinal system and suggest its potential utility for gastrointestinal ailments. This is a review of the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and therapeutic properties of P. foetida compiled from various reports. P. foetida is promising as a remedy for life-style related conditions, especially treat- ment of ulcers. Its utility highlights the need for proper evaluation of tribal plants as medicines and the species could be considered for devel- opment of new drugs.
基金Program for National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1132604 and 81302670)The Major Deployment Program of the CAS(No.KSZDEW-Z-004-01)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(P2008-ZZ05).
文摘Four new 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoids,cimilactone E(1),cimilactone F(2),20-O-(E)-butenoyl-23-epi-26-deoxyactein(3),and 20,12b-O-diacetylcimiracemonol-3-O-b-D-xylopyranoside(4),together with four known constituents(5–8)were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga foetida.The new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis.In addition,compounds 7 and 8 showed significant Wnt signaling pathway inhibitory activity,with IC50 values of 3.33 and 13.34 lM,respectively,using the luciferase reporter gene assay.
文摘Protein powders from Eisenia foetida were prepared using different drying processes and fractionation. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to show that heat denaturation occurred during the drying process above 42°C. Protein solubility was also studied. The addition of dissociating reagents allowed concluding that solubility was decreased during oven drying due to thermo denaturation including hydrogen bonds. The volatile compounds of the different powders were extracted by solid phase micro-extraction and identified by mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds were related to lipid oxidation and Maillard reactions occurring during the preparation of the powders. High drying temperatures led to more volatile compounds resulting from Maillard reactions. In the protein powder preparation process, a fractionation step led to a “pulp fraction” and a “juice fraction” of earthworms. The “pulp fraction” contained less odorant volatile compounds resulting from Maillard reactions than the “juice fraction” did.
基金financial support to our laboratory as Major Research Project and Grant-In-Aid Scheme (No. 10/DSTE/GIA/RP/JSA-I/2013/213)
文摘The present report describes the development of quantitative and qualitative foliar micromorphological and architectural features in the field environment which elucidated the adaptation of micropropagated plants of Passiflora foetida L. in the natural soil conditions. The field environment(high light intensity in comparison to in vitro culture conditions) promotes the autotrophy through decrease in stomatal index(from 23.2 ± 0.15 to 21.0 ± 0.19), increased vein-islets(from 10.0 ± 0.14 to 15.6 ± 0.24 per square millimeters) and veinlet terminations(from 1.6 ± 0.14 to 5.0 ± 0.20 per square millimeters), and trichome density in P. foetida plantlets. The in vitro and field grown leaves mostly possessed anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata. Two types of trichomes were observed on the surface of leaves of in vitro as well as field transferred plants of P. foetida: the unicellular hairy trichomes(non-glandular), and the multicellular(glandular) trichomes. The trichomes density was less under in vitro conditions as compared to the in vivo environments. The new leaves formed during the ex vitro rooting stage(in greenhouse) and after transplantation of plantlets to the field exhibited the development of adaptive micromorphological features in micropropagated plants, which enabled them to survive under field conditions.
基金funded by the Scientific Research Foundation of Changsha University (CDJJ-07010107)
文摘[ Objective] To explore the effects of synergy between earthworms （ Eisenia foetida） and effective microorganisms （EM） on vermicom. posting of pig manure and to provide a new idea for rational and effective utilization and treatment of animal manure. [Method] Four treatments were used to compost pig manure, namely, EM-inoculated manure, earthworms-inoculated manure, EM and earthworms-inoculated manure and control （CK） manure. The experiment lasted for 60 d. On Day 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60, the pig manure was collected, and the content of total organic carbon （TOC）, total Kjeldahl nitrogen （TKN）, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and water soluble carbon （WSC） was determined, respectively. [Resuit] Compared with the control, the EM and earthworms-inoculated manure had a decrease of 42.8% in the TOC content, an increase of 13.6% in the TKN content, a decrease of 49.5% in the carbon nitrogen ratio, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen of 98.1%, a 96 times increase in nitrate nitrogen, the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen of 61, and a decrease of 58.9% in the WSC content. [ Conclusion] The synergy between earthworms and EM can accelerate maturation of pig manure and improve mineralization and stability of products.
文摘Objective: To establish a simple, rapid, precise and accurate high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) method with densitometric detection for the determination of vitexin in Passiflora foetida Linn.(P. foetida).Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant leaf powder was used for the experimental work.Separation was performed on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with ethyl acetate:methanol: distilled water: formic acid in the proportion of 50:2:3:6(v/v), as the mobile phase. The determination was carried out using the densitometric absorbance mode at340 nm.Results: Vitexin response was linear over the range of 2.5–17.5 mg/m L with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Intraday and interday precision studies showed the relative SD was< 3%. Accuracy of the method was determined and the average recovery was 100.3%.The limit of quantitation and limit of detection were 0.879 and 0.290 mg/m L, respectively.The contents of vitexin in P. foetida leaf extracts were within the range of 0.030%–0.310%.Conclusions: The method was evaluated for sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility. Each analysis by HPTLC is less expensive than current methods. This method is suitable for routine quality control of raw material of the leaves of P. foetida extract and its products.
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-408)the Innovative Research International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. CXTD-Z2005-4)the Program of Social Development of Jiangsu Province (No. BS2006025)
文摘The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF,Acaulospora spp.and Glomus spp.) and rice straw and earthworms (RE,Eisenia foetida) on nematode communities and arsenic (As) uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in Ascontaminated soils were examined in a field experiment conducted in Wujiang,Jiangsu Province,China.The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial with the factors of AMF (inoculated or uninoculated) and RE (added or not added).The results demonstrated that AMF inoculation led to significantly higher root colonization of AMF and root dry weight.Plants inoculated with both AMF and RE had the highest As concentrations in root.The number of total nematodes increased with AMF inoculation when RE was absent,and decreased with RE addition when AMF was inoculated.The improved abundance of nematodes with the AMF treatment implied that the tested AMF acted as food sources for fungivores.The abundances of omnivores-predators and plant parasites were reduced by earthworm activity.Twentyseven genera of nematodes were identified,with Filenchus dominant in all treatments.Trophic diversity,Shannon-Weaver diversity,Simpson dominance index,and species richness indicated higher species diversity,more proportionate species composition,evenly distributed species,and more food sources in the AMF,RE,and their interaction treatments.Maturity index showed a moderately disturbed environment due to As pollution.Besides enhancing plant uptake of contaminants,AMF and RE amendments could also improve soil health by restoring the structure of soil communities,as reflected by more stable nematode community structure.
基金Supported by the Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China of Ministry of Education (KH09030)the Special Fund for the Science and Technology of Science and Technology Department of Tibet Autonomous Region (20091012)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (2010JK862)~~
文摘Based on extensive literature search,the composition,pharmacology,clini cal applications of Passiflora foetida L,ecological characteristics were summarized with the aim to provide scientific data for further research and exploitation.
