Sperm cells of flowering plants are non-motile and thus require transportation to the egg apparatus via the pollen tube to execute double fertilization. During its journey, the pollen tube interacts with various sporo...Sperm cells of flowering plants are non-motile and thus require transportation to the egg apparatus via the pollen tube to execute double fertilization. During its journey, the pollen tube interacts with various sporophytic cell types that support its growth and guide it towards the surface of the ovule. The final steps of tube guidance and sperm delivery are controlled by the cells of the female gametophyte. During fertilization, cell-cell communication events take place to achieve and maximize reproductive success. Additional layers of crosstalk exist, including self-recognition and specialized processes to prevent self-fertilization and consequent inbreeding. In this review, we focus on intercellular communication between the pollen grain/pollen tube including the sperm cells with the various sporophytic maternal tissues and the cells of the female gametophyte. Polymorphic-secreted peptides and small proteins, especially those belonging to various subclasses of small cysteine-rich proteins （CRPs）, reactive oxygen species （ROS）/NO signaling, and the second messenger Ca2＋, play center stage in most of these processes.展开更多
Objective:To compare biliary complications after biliary tract reconstruction with or without T-tube in orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods:Randomized control trials(RCTs) and comparative studies were identified ...Objective:To compare biliary complications after biliary tract reconstruction with or without T-tube in orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods:Randomized control trials(RCTs) and comparative studies were identified by a computerized literature search of the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE(1966/1-2010/4),Scopus(1980/1-2010/4),ClinicalTrials.gov(2010/4),the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Studies and data were extracted and assessed independently.Dichotomous outcomes were reported as odds ratios(ORs) and weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals(CI).Results:Five RCTs and eight comparative studies with a total of 1 608 subjects were identified.The data showed that the operation with T-tube had better outcomes for duct stenosis(P=0.01,OR=0.45,95% CI 0.24-0.85).The operations with or without T-tube had equivalent outcomes as follows:overall biliary complications(P=0.85,OR=1.15,95% CI 0.28-4.72),bile leaks(P=0.38,OR=0.75,95% CI 0.39-1.42),and cholangitis(P=0.24,OR=4.64,95% CI 0.36-60.62).These results were strengthened by the analysis of all thirteen non-randomized and randomized studies.Conclusions:Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the insertion of a T-tube reduces the incidence of biliary stenosis without increasing the incidence of other biliary complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Whether to use a T-tube for biliary anastomosis during orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)remains a debatable question.Some surgeons chose to use a T-tube because they believed that it reduces the inciden...BACKGROUND Whether to use a T-tube for biliary anastomosis during orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)remains a debatable question.Some surgeons chose to use a T-tube because they believed that it reduces the incidence of biliary strictures.Advances in surgical techniques during the last decades have significantly decreased the overall incidence of postoperative biliary complications.Whether using a T-tube during OLT is still associated with the reduced incidence of biliary strictures needs to be re-evaluated.AIM To provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on using a T-tube during adult OLT.METHODS In the electronic databases MEDLINE,PubMed,Scopus,ClinicalTrials.gov,the Cochrane Library,the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trails Register,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,we identified 17 studies(eight randomized controlled trials and nine comparative studies)from January 1995 to October 2020.The data of the studies before and after 2010 were separately extracted.We chose the overall biliary complications,bile leaks or fistulas,biliary strictures(anastomotic or non-anastomotic),and cholangitis as outcomes.Odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated to describe the results of the outcomes.Furthermore,the test for overall effect(Z)was used to test the difference between OR and 1,where P≤0.05 indicated a significant difference between OR value and 1.RESULTS A total of 1053 subjects before 2010 and 1346 subjects after 2010 were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled results showed that using a T-tube reduced the incidence of postoperative biliary strictures in studies before 2010(P=0.012,OR=0.62,95%CI:0.42-0.90),while the same benefit was not seen in studies after 2010(P=0.60,OR=0.76,95%CI:0.27-2.12).No significant difference in the incidence of overall biliary complications(P=0.37,OR=1.41,95%CI:0.66-2.98),bile leaks(P=0.89,OR=1.04,95%CI:0.63-1.70),and cholangitis(P=0.27,OR=2.00,95%CI:0.59-6.84)was observed between using and not using a T-tube befo展开更多
5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) is one of the important bioactive substances. It has not been recorded whether 5-HT is existent in amphioxus. Gerzeli found that there were argentaffin cells located in the digestive tract o...5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) is one of the important bioactive substances. It has not been recorded whether 5-HT is existent in amphioxus. Gerzeli found that there were argentaffin cells located in the digestive tract of amphioxust. However, there was no direct evidence about the 5-HT-containing cells. In the present study, the展开更多
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants requires that two sperm cells are delivered to the embryo sac where double fertilization of an egg cell and of a central cell results in the formation of a diploid embryo and of...Sexual reproduction in flowering plants requires that two sperm cells are delivered to the embryo sac where double fertilization of an egg cell and of a central cell results in the formation of a diploid embryo and of the triploid nutritional endosperm tissue. The immobile male gametes are delivered to the immobile female gametophyte by a single cell, the pollen tube. The pollen tube must be able to germinate on a genetically appropriate stigma and it must be directed through the transmitting tract of the style from where it must target an ovule. Moreover, the pollen tube must enter the ovule at a defined opening, the micropyle, grow toward one of the two synergids and release the two sperm cells upon contact. This complex process requires recognition events with chemically based or physically supported cell-cell communication as well as directional cues for the growing pollen tube. A number of molecules and mechanisms have been implicated in pollen tube guidance which are summarized in this review.展开更多
目的:探讨在鞘管保护下经T管窦道采用硬镜联合钬激光治疗肝内外胆道残余结石的临床价值。方法:2015年8月~2018年8月,将62例肝内外胆管残余结石病人,随机将分为硬镜组和纤维胆道镜组(软镜组),各31例,硬镜组在鞘管保护下经T管窦道采用硬...目的:探讨在鞘管保护下经T管窦道采用硬镜联合钬激光治疗肝内外胆道残余结石的临床价值。方法:2015年8月~2018年8月,将62例肝内外胆管残余结石病人,随机将分为硬镜组和纤维胆道镜组(软镜组),各31例,硬镜组在鞘管保护下经T管窦道采用硬镜联合钬激光碎石取石治疗,软镜组则经T管窦道采用纤维胆道镜联合钬激光碎石取石,分析比较两组手术时间、术后住院时间、结石取净率,以及相关主要并发症。结果:硬镜组结石取净率优于软镜组(90.3%vs64.5%,P=0.033),硬镜组手术时间少于软镜组(63±58min vs 130±44min,P<0.01);两组术后住院时间、并发症发生率等比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于术后肝内外胆管残余结石,采用经T管窦道硬镜联合钬激光进行碎石取石是安全、可行、高效的,手术时间短,术后恢复快,是治疗胆道外科术后残余结石可优选的微创治疗策略。展开更多
文摘Sperm cells of flowering plants are non-motile and thus require transportation to the egg apparatus via the pollen tube to execute double fertilization. During its journey, the pollen tube interacts with various sporophytic cell types that support its growth and guide it towards the surface of the ovule. The final steps of tube guidance and sperm delivery are controlled by the cells of the female gametophyte. During fertilization, cell-cell communication events take place to achieve and maximize reproductive success. Additional layers of crosstalk exist, including self-recognition and specialized processes to prevent self-fertilization and consequent inbreeding. In this review, we focus on intercellular communication between the pollen grain/pollen tube including the sperm cells with the various sporophytic maternal tissues and the cells of the female gametophyte. Polymorphic-secreted peptides and small proteins, especially those belonging to various subclasses of small cysteine-rich proteins （CRPs）, reactive oxygen species （ROS）/NO signaling, and the second messenger Ca2＋, play center stage in most of these processes.
文摘Objective:To compare biliary complications after biliary tract reconstruction with or without T-tube in orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods:Randomized control trials(RCTs) and comparative studies were identified by a computerized literature search of the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE(1966/1-2010/4),Scopus(1980/1-2010/4),ClinicalTrials.gov(2010/4),the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Studies and data were extracted and assessed independently.Dichotomous outcomes were reported as odds ratios(ORs) and weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals(CI).Results:Five RCTs and eight comparative studies with a total of 1 608 subjects were identified.The data showed that the operation with T-tube had better outcomes for duct stenosis(P=0.01,OR=0.45,95% CI 0.24-0.85).The operations with or without T-tube had equivalent outcomes as follows:overall biliary complications(P=0.85,OR=1.15,95% CI 0.28-4.72),bile leaks(P=0.38,OR=0.75,95% CI 0.39-1.42),and cholangitis(P=0.24,OR=4.64,95% CI 0.36-60.62).These results were strengthened by the analysis of all thirteen non-randomized and randomized studies.Conclusions:Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the insertion of a T-tube reduces the incidence of biliary stenosis without increasing the incidence of other biliary complications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770491The Innovation Capacity Support Plan of Shaanxi Province,No.2020TD-040.
文摘BACKGROUND Whether to use a T-tube for biliary anastomosis during orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)remains a debatable question.Some surgeons chose to use a T-tube because they believed that it reduces the incidence of biliary strictures.Advances in surgical techniques during the last decades have significantly decreased the overall incidence of postoperative biliary complications.Whether using a T-tube during OLT is still associated with the reduced incidence of biliary strictures needs to be re-evaluated.AIM To provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on using a T-tube during adult OLT.METHODS In the electronic databases MEDLINE,PubMed,Scopus,ClinicalTrials.gov,the Cochrane Library,the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trails Register,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,we identified 17 studies(eight randomized controlled trials and nine comparative studies)from January 1995 to October 2020.The data of the studies before and after 2010 were separately extracted.We chose the overall biliary complications,bile leaks or fistulas,biliary strictures(anastomotic or non-anastomotic),and cholangitis as outcomes.Odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated to describe the results of the outcomes.Furthermore,the test for overall effect(Z)was used to test the difference between OR and 1,where P≤0.05 indicated a significant difference between OR value and 1.RESULTS A total of 1053 subjects before 2010 and 1346 subjects after 2010 were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled results showed that using a T-tube reduced the incidence of postoperative biliary strictures in studies before 2010(P=0.012,OR=0.62,95%CI:0.42-0.90),while the same benefit was not seen in studies after 2010(P=0.60,OR=0.76,95%CI:0.27-2.12).No significant difference in the incidence of overall biliary complications(P=0.37,OR=1.41,95%CI:0.66-2.98),bile leaks(P=0.89,OR=1.04,95%CI:0.63-1.70),and cholangitis(P=0.27,OR=2.00,95%CI:0.59-6.84)was observed between using and not using a T-tube befo
文摘5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) is one of the important bioactive substances. It has not been recorded whether 5-HT is existent in amphioxus. Gerzeli found that there were argentaffin cells located in the digestive tract of amphioxust. However, there was no direct evidence about the 5-HT-containing cells. In the present study, the
文摘Sexual reproduction in flowering plants requires that two sperm cells are delivered to the embryo sac where double fertilization of an egg cell and of a central cell results in the formation of a diploid embryo and of the triploid nutritional endosperm tissue. The immobile male gametes are delivered to the immobile female gametophyte by a single cell, the pollen tube. The pollen tube must be able to germinate on a genetically appropriate stigma and it must be directed through the transmitting tract of the style from where it must target an ovule. Moreover, the pollen tube must enter the ovule at a defined opening, the micropyle, grow toward one of the two synergids and release the two sperm cells upon contact. This complex process requires recognition events with chemically based or physically supported cell-cell communication as well as directional cues for the growing pollen tube. A number of molecules and mechanisms have been implicated in pollen tube guidance which are summarized in this review.
文摘目的:探讨在鞘管保护下经T管窦道采用硬镜联合钬激光治疗肝内外胆道残余结石的临床价值。方法:2015年8月~2018年8月,将62例肝内外胆管残余结石病人,随机将分为硬镜组和纤维胆道镜组(软镜组),各31例,硬镜组在鞘管保护下经T管窦道采用硬镜联合钬激光碎石取石治疗,软镜组则经T管窦道采用纤维胆道镜联合钬激光碎石取石,分析比较两组手术时间、术后住院时间、结石取净率,以及相关主要并发症。结果:硬镜组结石取净率优于软镜组(90.3%vs64.5%,P=0.033),硬镜组手术时间少于软镜组(63±58min vs 130±44min,P<0.01);两组术后住院时间、并发症发生率等比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于术后肝内外胆管残余结石,采用经T管窦道硬镜联合钬激光进行碎石取石是安全、可行、高效的,手术时间短,术后恢复快,是治疗胆道外科术后残余结石可优选的微创治疗策略。
