Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted increasing attention because of their high theoretical capadty. Using sulfur/carbon composites as the cathode materials has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to optimiz...Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted increasing attention because of their high theoretical capadty. Using sulfur/carbon composites as the cathode materials has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to optimize sulfur utilization and enhance cycle stability as well. In this work hollow-in-hollow carbon spheres with hollow foam-like cores （HCSF@C） are prepared to improve both capability and cycling stability of lithium-sulfur batteries. With high surface area and large pore volumes, the loading of sulfur in HCSF@C reaches up to 70 wt.%. In the resulting S/HCSF@C composites, the outer carbon shell serves as an effective protection layer to trap the soluble polysulfide intermediates derived from the inner component. Consequently, the S/HCSF@C cathode retains a high capacity of 780 mAh/g after 300 cycles at a high charge/discharge rate of 1 A/g.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been considered as promising candidates for large-scale high energy density devices due to the potentially high energy density,low cost,and more pronounced ecological compatibility....Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been considered as promising candidates for large-scale high energy density devices due to the potentially high energy density,low cost,and more pronounced ecological compatibility.However,the complex Li-S conversion reactions,unsatisfactory battery performance,and unsafe metallic Li anode restrict the development of Li-S batteries to achieve commercialization.This review mainly focuses on three aspects which are the remaining challenges,recent advances,and applications in Li-S batteries.Firstly,this review portrays Li-S conversion chemistry involving the multi-step and multi-electron reaction mechanism,as well as the remaining challenges.Then,the scientific strategies and very recent advances of the cathode,electrolyte,lithium anode,and other constituent parts of Li-S batteries are detailly summed up,as well as their advantages and limitations.For the sake of promoting the Li-S batteries practicalization,next section is primarily concerned with problems,the corresponding solutions,and application scenarios of practical pouch cells.Finally,the important findings as guidelines and some future directions as trends for developing emerging Li-S batteries are briefly summarized.展开更多
Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(...Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for commercial use owing to their higher theoretical energy density and lower cost compared to those of LIBs.However,LSBs are still beset with some persistent issues that prevent them from being used industrially,such as the unavoidable dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates during electrochemical reactions and large volume expansion(up to 80%)upon the formation of Li_(2)S,resulting in serious battery life and safety limitations.In the process of solving these problems,it is necessary to maintain a high sulfur content in the cathode materials to ensure that the LSBs have high energy densities and excellent cycle performance.In this review,the novel preparation methods and cathode materials used for preparing LSBs in recent years are reviewed considering the sulfur content and cycle performance.In addition,the problems and difficulties in practically applying cathode materials are described,and the development trend is discussed.展开更多
Low volumetric energy density is a bottleneck for the application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S)battery.The low- density sulfur cooperated with the light-weight carbon sub- strate realizes electrochemical cycle stability,bu...Low volumetric energy density is a bottleneck for the application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S)battery.The low- density sulfur cooperated with the light-weight carbon sub- strate realizes electrochemical cycle stability,but leads to worse volumetric energy density.Here,nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4)nanofibers as novel substrate for sulfur not only anchor lithium polysulfides to enhance the cycle stability of sulfur cathode,but also contribute to the high volumetric capacity of the S/nickel ferrite composite.Specifically,the S/ nickel ferrite composite presents an initial volumetric capacity of 1,281.7mA h cm^-3-composite at 0.1C rate,1.9times higher than that of S/carbon nanotubes,due to the high tap density of the S/nickel ferrite composite.展开更多
The structure and characteristic of carbon materials have a direct influence on the electrochemical performance of sulfur-carbon composite electrode materials for lithium-sulfur battery. In this paper, sulfur composit...The structure and characteristic of carbon materials have a direct influence on the electrochemical performance of sulfur-carbon composite electrode materials for lithium-sulfur battery. In this paper, sulfur composite has been synthesized by heating a mixture of elemental sulfur and activated carbon, which is characterized as high specific surface area and microporous structure. The composite, contained 70% sulfur, as cathode in a lithium cell based on organic liquid electrolyte was tested at room temperature. It showed two reduction peaks at 2.05 V and 2.35 V, one oxidation peak at 2.4 V during cyclic voltammogram test. The initial discharge specific capacity was 1180.8 mAh g-1 and the utilization of electrochemically active sulfur was about 70.6% assuming a complete reaction to the product of Li2S. The specific capacity still kept as high as 720.4 mAh g^-1 after 60 cycles retaining 61% of the initial discharge capacity.展开更多
传统的锂离子电池受其理论容量所限,不能满足新兴高能量密度储能器件的需求。锂硫电池因其高理论比容量(1673 m A·h/g),是传统锂离子电池的4倍左右,近年来广受世界各国研究者的关注。针对锂硫电池中活性物质硫单质电子、离子电导...传统的锂离子电池受其理论容量所限,不能满足新兴高能量密度储能器件的需求。锂硫电池因其高理论比容量(1673 m A·h/g),是传统锂离子电池的4倍左右,近年来广受世界各国研究者的关注。针对锂硫电池中活性物质硫单质电子、离子电导率低、充放电过程中多硫化物溶出、体积变化大等棘手问题,近年来,科研工作者不断对正极材料结构、负极、电解液、隔膜进行改进,旨在抑制多硫化物穿梭效应,提高活性物质利用率,克服充放电过程中的巨大体积变化,提高电池安全性及循环寿命。本文综述了近年来最新的锂硫电池进展,分析了近年来新发展的极性-极性相互作用吸附多硫化锂、人工SEI保护锂金属负极、新型电解液和隔膜抑制多硫化锂穿梭等突破性技术,展望了锂硫电池未来的发展方向。展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are one of the most promising energy storage devices in the future due to their high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mA·h·g^(-1))and energy density(2600 W·h·kg^(-1)...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are one of the most promising energy storage devices in the future due to their high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mA·h·g^(-1))and energy density(2600 W·h·kg^(-1)).However,the severe capacity decay caused by the shuttle effect of polysulfides needs to be addressed before the practical application.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives are known for their large specific surface area,high porosity,abundant functional groups,and good chemical stability.Thus,they have been widely investigated in LSBs.This review introduces the principles of the LSBs and origination of the shuttle effect first summarizes various methods of limiting polysulfide diffusion by MOFs and their derivatives both in cathodes and separators,and provides an in-depth discussion of the immobilization mechanisms,which helps to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each method.The mechanisms,such as structure and pore size tuning,chemical absorption,and catalytic conversion,are discussed.Finally,based on the method of MOFs and their derivatives to inhibit the diffusion of polysulfides,the application prospect of MOFs and their derivatives in LSBs technology are proposed.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)employing sulfide solid electrolytes are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their potential for higher energy density and safety.Ho...All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)employing sulfide solid electrolytes are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their potential for higher energy density and safety.However,scalable fabrication of sheet-type sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading and excellent performances remains challenging.In this work,sheet-type freestanding sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading were fabricated by dry electrode technology.The unique fibrous morphologies of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)binders in dry electrodes not only provides excellent mechanical properties but also uncompromised ionic/electronic conductance.Even employed with thickened dry cathodes with high sulfur loading of 2 mg cm^(-2),ASSLSBs still exhibit outstanding rate performance and cycle stability.Moreover,the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur monolayer pouch cells(9.2 m Ah)were also demonstrated and exhibited excellent safety under a harsh test situation.This work verifies the potential of dry electrode technology in the scalable fabrication of thickened sulfur cathodes and will promote the practical applications of ASSLSBs.展开更多
基金We thank the National Basic Research Program of China （Nos. 2011CB932403 and 2015CB932300） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21301144, 21390390, 21131005, 21333008, and 21420102001） for financial support.
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted increasing attention because of their high theoretical capadty. Using sulfur/carbon composites as the cathode materials has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to optimize sulfur utilization and enhance cycle stability as well. In this work hollow-in-hollow carbon spheres with hollow foam-like cores （HCSF@C） are prepared to improve both capability and cycling stability of lithium-sulfur batteries. With high surface area and large pore volumes, the loading of sulfur in HCSF@C reaches up to 70 wt.%. In the resulting S/HCSF@C composites, the outer carbon shell serves as an effective protection layer to trap the soluble polysulfide intermediates derived from the inner component. Consequently, the S/HCSF@C cathode retains a high capacity of 780 mAh/g after 300 cycles at a high charge/discharge rate of 1 A/g.
基金the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University(No.2019CX033)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904344)。
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been considered as promising candidates for large-scale high energy density devices due to the potentially high energy density,low cost,and more pronounced ecological compatibility.However,the complex Li-S conversion reactions,unsatisfactory battery performance,and unsafe metallic Li anode restrict the development of Li-S batteries to achieve commercialization.This review mainly focuses on three aspects which are the remaining challenges,recent advances,and applications in Li-S batteries.Firstly,this review portrays Li-S conversion chemistry involving the multi-step and multi-electron reaction mechanism,as well as the remaining challenges.Then,the scientific strategies and very recent advances of the cathode,electrolyte,lithium anode,and other constituent parts of Li-S batteries are detailly summed up,as well as their advantages and limitations.For the sake of promoting the Li-S batteries practicalization,next section is primarily concerned with problems,the corresponding solutions,and application scenarios of practical pouch cells.Finally,the important findings as guidelines and some future directions as trends for developing emerging Li-S batteries are briefly summarized.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103093)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2021QNRC001)+2 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212BAB214048)Science and Technology Support Project of Shangrao(2020L009,2021J006)Science and Technological Project of Education Department of Jiangxi(GJJ211704)for funding their contributions to this paper。
文摘Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for commercial use owing to their higher theoretical energy density and lower cost compared to those of LIBs.However,LSBs are still beset with some persistent issues that prevent them from being used industrially,such as the unavoidable dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates during electrochemical reactions and large volume expansion(up to 80%)upon the formation of Li_(2)S,resulting in serious battery life and safety limitations.In the process of solving these problems,it is necessary to maintain a high sulfur content in the cathode materials to ensure that the LSBs have high energy densities and excellent cycle performance.In this review,the novel preparation methods and cathode materials used for preparing LSBs in recent years are reviewed considering the sulfur content and cycle performance.In addition,the problems and difficulties in practically applying cathode materials are described,and the development trend is discussed.
基金supported by the New Energy Project for Electric Vehicles in National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFB0100200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573114 and 51502145)
文摘Low volumetric energy density is a bottleneck for the application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S)battery.The low- density sulfur cooperated with the light-weight carbon sub- strate realizes electrochemical cycle stability,but leads to worse volumetric energy density.Here,nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4)nanofibers as novel substrate for sulfur not only anchor lithium polysulfides to enhance the cycle stability of sulfur cathode,but also contribute to the high volumetric capacity of the S/nickel ferrite composite.Specifically,the S/ nickel ferrite composite presents an initial volumetric capacity of 1,281.7mA h cm^-3-composite at 0.1C rate,1.9times higher than that of S/carbon nanotubes,due to the high tap density of the S/nickel ferrite composite.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Basic Research of China(No. 2009CB220100)the National 863 Program(No.2007AA03Z226)
文摘The structure and characteristic of carbon materials have a direct influence on the electrochemical performance of sulfur-carbon composite electrode materials for lithium-sulfur battery. In this paper, sulfur composite has been synthesized by heating a mixture of elemental sulfur and activated carbon, which is characterized as high specific surface area and microporous structure. The composite, contained 70% sulfur, as cathode in a lithium cell based on organic liquid electrolyte was tested at room temperature. It showed two reduction peaks at 2.05 V and 2.35 V, one oxidation peak at 2.4 V during cyclic voltammogram test. The initial discharge specific capacity was 1180.8 mAh g-1 and the utilization of electrochemically active sulfur was about 70.6% assuming a complete reaction to the product of Li2S. The specific capacity still kept as high as 720.4 mAh g^-1 after 60 cycles retaining 61% of the initial discharge capacity.
文摘传统的锂离子电池受其理论容量所限,不能满足新兴高能量密度储能器件的需求。锂硫电池因其高理论比容量(1673 m A·h/g),是传统锂离子电池的4倍左右,近年来广受世界各国研究者的关注。针对锂硫电池中活性物质硫单质电子、离子电导率低、充放电过程中多硫化物溶出、体积变化大等棘手问题,近年来,科研工作者不断对正极材料结构、负极、电解液、隔膜进行改进,旨在抑制多硫化物穿梭效应,提高活性物质利用率,克服充放电过程中的巨大体积变化,提高电池安全性及循环寿命。本文综述了近年来最新的锂硫电池进展,分析了近年来新发展的极性-极性相互作用吸附多硫化锂、人工SEI保护锂金属负极、新型电解液和隔膜抑制多硫化锂穿梭等突破性技术,展望了锂硫电池未来的发展方向。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272258)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2021JCCXJD01)+2 种基金Key R&D and transformation projects in Qinghai Province(Grant No.2021-HZ-808)Hebei Province(Grant No.21314401D)American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund(Grant No.PRF-59722-ND10).
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are one of the most promising energy storage devices in the future due to their high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mA·h·g^(-1))and energy density(2600 W·h·kg^(-1)).However,the severe capacity decay caused by the shuttle effect of polysulfides needs to be addressed before the practical application.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives are known for their large specific surface area,high porosity,abundant functional groups,and good chemical stability.Thus,they have been widely investigated in LSBs.This review introduces the principles of the LSBs and origination of the shuttle effect first summarizes various methods of limiting polysulfide diffusion by MOFs and their derivatives both in cathodes and separators,and provides an in-depth discussion of the immobilization mechanisms,which helps to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each method.The mechanisms,such as structure and pore size tuning,chemical absorption,and catalytic conversion,are discussed.Finally,based on the method of MOFs and their derivatives to inhibit the diffusion of polysulfides,the application prospect of MOFs and their derivatives in LSBs technology are proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2500300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075029,22108151,22109084)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0164)。
文摘All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)employing sulfide solid electrolytes are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their potential for higher energy density and safety.However,scalable fabrication of sheet-type sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading and excellent performances remains challenging.In this work,sheet-type freestanding sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading were fabricated by dry electrode technology.The unique fibrous morphologies of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)binders in dry electrodes not only provides excellent mechanical properties but also uncompromised ionic/electronic conductance.Even employed with thickened dry cathodes with high sulfur loading of 2 mg cm^(-2),ASSLSBs still exhibit outstanding rate performance and cycle stability.Moreover,the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur monolayer pouch cells(9.2 m Ah)were also demonstrated and exhibited excellent safety under a harsh test situation.This work verifies the potential of dry electrode technology in the scalable fabrication of thickened sulfur cathodes and will promote the practical applications of ASSLSBs.
