Lithium(Li) metal is widely considered as a promising anode for next-generation lithium metal batteries(LMBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential. However, the uncontrollable form...Lithium(Li) metal is widely considered as a promising anode for next-generation lithium metal batteries(LMBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential. However, the uncontrollable formation of Li dendrites has prevented its practical application. Herein, we propose a kind of multifunctional electrolyte additives(potassium perfluorinated sulfonates) from the multi-factor principle for electrolyte additive molecular design(EDMD) view to suppress the Li dendrite growth. The effects of these additives are revealed through experimental results, molecular dynamics simulations and firstprinciples calculations. Firstly, K^(+)can form an electrostatic shield on the surface of Li anode to prevent the growth of Li dendrites. Secondly, potassium perfluorinated sulfonates can improve the activity of electrolytes as co-conductive salts, and lower the electro-potential of Li nucleation. Thirdly, perfluorinated sulfonate anions not only can change the Li^(+)solvation sheath structure to decrease the desolvation energy barrier and increase the ion migration rate, but also can be partly decomposed to form the superior solid electrolyte interphase(SEI). Benefited from the synergistic effects, an outstanding cycle life over250 h at 1 m A cm^(-2) is achieved in symmetric Li||Li cells. In particular, potassium perfluorinated sulfonate additives(e.g., potassium perfluorohexyl sulfonate, denoted as K+PFHS) can also contribute to the formation of high-quality cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI). As a result, Li||LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2) full cells exhibit significantly enhanced cycling stability. This multi-factor principle for EDMD offers a unique insight on understanding the electrochemical behavior of ion-type electrolyte additives on both the Li metal anode and high-voltage cathode.展开更多
Two highly sensitive methods for the determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates (AMSs) and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates (APTSs) in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques have been presented. AMSs were determi...Two highly sensitive methods for the determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates (AMSs) and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates (APTSs) in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques have been presented. AMSs were determined by GC-MS method using GSBPINOWAX (30 m 0.25 mm 0.25 mm) column. Temperature program was set by maintaining at 100 1C initially for 3 min, then rised to 220 1C at the rate of 15 1C/min and maintained at 220 1C for 16 min. N,N-dimethyl formamide was used as diluent. APTSs were determined by LC-MS using Zorbax, Rx C8, 250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm column as stationary phase. 0.01 M ammonium acetate is used as buffer. The mixture of buffer and methanol in 75:25 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase A and mixture of buffer and methanol in 5:95 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase B. The gradient program (T/%B) was set as 0/28, 16/50, 17/100, 23/100, 27/28 and 40/28. Both the methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Limit of quantitation was found 1.5 mg/mL for AMSs and was in the range of 1.0-1.5 mg/mL for APTSs.展开更多
Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are important environmental contaminants globally and in the early 2000s they were shown to be ubiquitous contaminants in Arctic wildlife.Previous reviews by Butt et al.and Let...Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are important environmental contaminants globally and in the early 2000s they were shown to be ubiquitous contaminants in Arctic wildlife.Previous reviews by Butt et al.and Letcher et al.have covered studies on levels and trends of PFASs in the Arctic that were available to 2009.The purpose of this review is to focus on more recent work,generally published between 2009 and 2018,with emphasis on PFASs of emerging concern such as perfluoroalkyl carboxylates(PFCAs)and short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFSAs)and their precursors.Atmospheric measurements over the period 2006e2014 have shown that fluorotelomer alcohols(FTOHs)as well as perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluoroctanoic acid(PFOA)are the most prominent PFASs in the arctic atmosphere,all with increasing concentrations at Alert although PFOA concentrations declined at the Zeppelin Station(Svalbard).Results from ice cores show generally increasing deposition of PFCAs on the Devon Ice cap in the Canadian arctic while declining fluxes were found in a glacier on Svalbard.An extensive dataset exists for long-term trends of long-chain PFCAs that have been reported in Arctic biota with some datasets including archived samples from the 1970s and 1980s.Trends in PFCAs over time vary among the same species across the North American Arctic,East and West Greenland,and Svalbard.Most long term time series show a decline from higher concentrations in the early 2000s.However there have been recent(post 2010)increasing trends of PFCAs in ringed seals in the Canadian Arctic,East Greenland polar bears and in arctic foxes in Svalbard.Annual biological sampling is helping to determine these relatively short term changes.Rising levels of some PFCAs have been explained by continued emissions of long-chain PFCAs and/or their precursors and inflows to the Arctic Ocean,especially from the North Atlantic.While the effectiveness of biological sampling for temporal trends in long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs has been demonstrated,this does not appl展开更多
Experimental studies were conducted to explore the fundamental mechanisms of alkali to lower the interfacial tension of oil/heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates （HABS） system. Sodium hydroxide was used as the strong alkali...Experimental studies were conducted to explore the fundamental mechanisms of alkali to lower the interfacial tension of oil/heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates （HABS） system. Sodium hydroxide was used as the strong alkali chemical to investigate the interracial tension （IFT） of oil/HABS system. The influences of salt and alkali on the interracial activity were studied by the measurement of interfacial tension and partition coefficient. Moreover, the al- kali/surfactant solutions were measured by dynamic laser scattering. The results showed that compared with the salt, the function of alkali to lower the interfacial tension and improve partition coefficient is more significant. The mi- celles formed by surfactants could be disaggregated because of adding alkali, so the size of micelles decreases and the number of mono-surfactants increases, then more surfactant molecules move to the interface of oil/surfactant system and the adsorption of surfactants at oil-water interfaces increases, which can lead to the decrease of IFT.展开更多
Pyrimidin-2-yl sulfonates, as an efficient reaction partner, which can be easily prepared from cheap commercial materials, were coupled with phenols and anilines to give a wide array of C2-aryloxy- and arylaminopyrimi...Pyrimidin-2-yl sulfonates, as an efficient reaction partner, which can be easily prepared from cheap commercial materials, were coupled with phenols and anilines to give a wide array of C2-aryloxy- and arylaminopyrimidines in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.展开更多
The title compounds, C12HIoN307SCI （I） and C15H27NO3S （II）, crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 7.3995（1）, b = 27.8489（6）, c = 9.8246（2）/, fl = 131.349（1）, V = 1519.82（5） A3,...The title compounds, C12HIoN307SCI （I） and C15H27NO3S （II）, crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 7.3995（1）, b = 27.8489（6）, c = 9.8246（2）/, fl = 131.349（1）, V = 1519.82（5） A3, Z = 4, F（000） = 768, Rint = 0.033 and S = 1.03 for I, and in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.6227（1）, b = 16.1480（4）, c = 23.8774（6）/, V= 3324.67（12） A3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1312, Rint = 0.024 and S = 1.04 for II. We have devised a convenient procedure for the synthesis of fused organic salts resulting from 1：1 proton-transfer, using an amine and a derivative ofbenzenesulfonic acid. The synthesized salts have a number of applications ranging from their consumption as eco-friendly solvents and catalysts in organic syntheses, to being used as efficient precursors for the production of sulfa drugs. Structures of compounds 3-chloroanilinium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate （CA-DNBS） and triethylaminium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate （TEA-TMBS） were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and infrared spectroscopy.展开更多
The preparation and behavior of powder stearin-based methyl ester sulfonates(MES)with the addition of builder as a glidant agent was studied.MES is an anionic surfactant and its performance is equivalent to petroleum-...The preparation and behavior of powder stearin-based methyl ester sulfonates(MES)with the addition of builder as a glidant agent was studied.MES is an anionic surfactant and its performance is equivalent to petroleum-based linear alkylbenzene sulfonates(LAS),the workhorses of the detergent industry.At the same time,zeolites or soda ash were the alternative builders for non-phosphate-based detergent.The behavior of powder MES properties was measured in terms of morphology,particle size,cohesion,caking,and compaction.Before that,these palm stearin-based MES of carbon chain 16–18 with ratios of 98:2,80:20,and 60:40 in flakes were ground using a high shear mixer by 23,000 rpm to produce powder particles.Decreasing the particle size of MES powder can reduce the powder's cohesion,caking,and compaction.The addition of zeolite or soda ash as a glidant in powdered MES can improve the caking behavior.The high stearic in MES greatly influenced getting fine particle powders and required more glidant agents.This powder MES with excellent powder characteristics can perform well as a bio-based cleaning product.展开更多
Ergene Basin is one of the most important industrial centers due to the geographical location in Turkey. Uncontrolled and rapidly increasing industrialization brings together a large number of environmental problems i...Ergene Basin is one of the most important industrial centers due to the geographical location in Turkey. Uncontrolled and rapidly increasing industrialization brings together a large number of environmental problems in the basin. In this study, pollution was investigated in the water samples taken at time intervals and different parts of groundwater and surface water resources located within Ergene Basin by methylene blue anionic surfactants （MBAS） analysis method. Turbidity, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity （EC）, concentrations of total P and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates （LAS） were simultaneously determined in the investigated water resources. The results were compared with the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation specified in the Quality Criteria of the Inland Water Resources according to their class. The total P and LAS concentrations of surface waters are generally higher than groundwater. In terms of LAS concentrations, the groundwater is Ⅰ-Ⅱ class and the surface water is Ⅱ-Ⅳ class.展开更多
Although trifluoromethylthiolated compounds have privileged applications in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,efficient strategies for the asymmetric construction of C_(sp)^(3)-SCF_(3)bonds are limited.Specifically,th...Although trifluoromethylthiolated compounds have privileged applications in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,efficient strategies for the asymmetric construction of C_(sp)^(3)-SCF_(3)bonds are limited.Specifically,the catalytic asymmetric nucleophilic trifluoromethylthiolation remains challenging.Here,we report a copper-catalyzed enantioselective nucleophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of secondary propargyl sulfonates with trifluoromethylthio silver.The reaction exhibits high efficiency,good enantioselectivity,high functional group tolerance,and broad substrate scope,paving a new way for the asymmetric synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated compounds.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11675051)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M672477)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China (2018GK2031)。
文摘Lithium(Li) metal is widely considered as a promising anode for next-generation lithium metal batteries(LMBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential. However, the uncontrollable formation of Li dendrites has prevented its practical application. Herein, we propose a kind of multifunctional electrolyte additives(potassium perfluorinated sulfonates) from the multi-factor principle for electrolyte additive molecular design(EDMD) view to suppress the Li dendrite growth. The effects of these additives are revealed through experimental results, molecular dynamics simulations and firstprinciples calculations. Firstly, K^(+)can form an electrostatic shield on the surface of Li anode to prevent the growth of Li dendrites. Secondly, potassium perfluorinated sulfonates can improve the activity of electrolytes as co-conductive salts, and lower the electro-potential of Li nucleation. Thirdly, perfluorinated sulfonate anions not only can change the Li^(+)solvation sheath structure to decrease the desolvation energy barrier and increase the ion migration rate, but also can be partly decomposed to form the superior solid electrolyte interphase(SEI). Benefited from the synergistic effects, an outstanding cycle life over250 h at 1 m A cm^(-2) is achieved in symmetric Li||Li cells. In particular, potassium perfluorinated sulfonate additives(e.g., potassium perfluorohexyl sulfonate, denoted as K+PFHS) can also contribute to the formation of high-quality cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI). As a result, Li||LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2) full cells exhibit significantly enhanced cycling stability. This multi-factor principle for EDMD offers a unique insight on understanding the electrochemical behavior of ion-type electrolyte additives on both the Li metal anode and high-voltage cathode.
文摘Two highly sensitive methods for the determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates (AMSs) and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates (APTSs) in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques have been presented. AMSs were determined by GC-MS method using GSBPINOWAX (30 m 0.25 mm 0.25 mm) column. Temperature program was set by maintaining at 100 1C initially for 3 min, then rised to 220 1C at the rate of 15 1C/min and maintained at 220 1C for 16 min. N,N-dimethyl formamide was used as diluent. APTSs were determined by LC-MS using Zorbax, Rx C8, 250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm column as stationary phase. 0.01 M ammonium acetate is used as buffer. The mixture of buffer and methanol in 75:25 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase A and mixture of buffer and methanol in 5:95 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase B. The gradient program (T/%B) was set as 0/28, 16/50, 17/100, 23/100, 27/28 and 40/28. Both the methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Limit of quantitation was found 1.5 mg/mL for AMSs and was in the range of 1.0-1.5 mg/mL for APTSs.
基金We thank the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)and the national programs in the circumpolar countries for their funding and support of this work.We are especially grateful to Simon Wilson,Cynthia de Wit,and the reviewers that read the chapter on PFASs in the original AMAP assessment.We are thankful to the northern communities in circumpolar regions for their cooperation and collection of biological samples that yielded the data reviewed here.DCGM was supported by the King Carl XVI Gustaf Professorship in Environmental Science at the Dept of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry,Stockholm University during 2018-19.
文摘Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are important environmental contaminants globally and in the early 2000s they were shown to be ubiquitous contaminants in Arctic wildlife.Previous reviews by Butt et al.and Letcher et al.have covered studies on levels and trends of PFASs in the Arctic that were available to 2009.The purpose of this review is to focus on more recent work,generally published between 2009 and 2018,with emphasis on PFASs of emerging concern such as perfluoroalkyl carboxylates(PFCAs)and short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFSAs)and their precursors.Atmospheric measurements over the period 2006e2014 have shown that fluorotelomer alcohols(FTOHs)as well as perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluoroctanoic acid(PFOA)are the most prominent PFASs in the arctic atmosphere,all with increasing concentrations at Alert although PFOA concentrations declined at the Zeppelin Station(Svalbard).Results from ice cores show generally increasing deposition of PFCAs on the Devon Ice cap in the Canadian arctic while declining fluxes were found in a glacier on Svalbard.An extensive dataset exists for long-term trends of long-chain PFCAs that have been reported in Arctic biota with some datasets including archived samples from the 1970s and 1980s.Trends in PFCAs over time vary among the same species across the North American Arctic,East and West Greenland,and Svalbard.Most long term time series show a decline from higher concentrations in the early 2000s.However there have been recent(post 2010)increasing trends of PFCAs in ringed seals in the Canadian Arctic,East Greenland polar bears and in arctic foxes in Svalbard.Annual biological sampling is helping to determine these relatively short term changes.Rising levels of some PFCAs have been explained by continued emissions of long-chain PFCAs and/or their precursors and inflows to the Arctic Ocean,especially from the North Atlantic.While the effectiveness of biological sampling for temporal trends in long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs has been demonstrated,this does not appl
文摘Experimental studies were conducted to explore the fundamental mechanisms of alkali to lower the interfacial tension of oil/heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates （HABS） system. Sodium hydroxide was used as the strong alkali chemical to investigate the interracial tension （IFT） of oil/HABS system. The influences of salt and alkali on the interracial activity were studied by the measurement of interfacial tension and partition coefficient. Moreover, the al- kali/surfactant solutions were measured by dynamic laser scattering. The results showed that compared with the salt, the function of alkali to lower the interfacial tension and improve partition coefficient is more significant. The mi- celles formed by surfactants could be disaggregated because of adding alkali, so the size of micelles decreases and the number of mono-surfactants increases, then more surfactant molecules move to the interface of oil/surfactant system and the adsorption of surfactants at oil-water interfaces increases, which can lead to the decrease of IFT.
基金We are thankful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province，the Scientific and Technological Innovation Engineering Program of Northwest Normal University
文摘Pyrimidin-2-yl sulfonates, as an efficient reaction partner, which can be easily prepared from cheap commercial materials, were coupled with phenols and anilines to give a wide array of C2-aryloxy- and arylaminopyrimidines in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
文摘The title compounds, C12HIoN307SCI （I） and C15H27NO3S （II）, crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 7.3995（1）, b = 27.8489（6）, c = 9.8246（2）/, fl = 131.349（1）, V = 1519.82（5） A3, Z = 4, F（000） = 768, Rint = 0.033 and S = 1.03 for I, and in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.6227（1）, b = 16.1480（4）, c = 23.8774（6）/, V= 3324.67（12） A3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1312, Rint = 0.024 and S = 1.04 for II. We have devised a convenient procedure for the synthesis of fused organic salts resulting from 1：1 proton-transfer, using an amine and a derivative ofbenzenesulfonic acid. The synthesized salts have a number of applications ranging from their consumption as eco-friendly solvents and catalysts in organic syntheses, to being used as efficient precursors for the production of sulfa drugs. Structures of compounds 3-chloroanilinium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate （CA-DNBS） and triethylaminium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate （TEA-TMBS） were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and infrared spectroscopy.
文摘The preparation and behavior of powder stearin-based methyl ester sulfonates(MES)with the addition of builder as a glidant agent was studied.MES is an anionic surfactant and its performance is equivalent to petroleum-based linear alkylbenzene sulfonates(LAS),the workhorses of the detergent industry.At the same time,zeolites or soda ash were the alternative builders for non-phosphate-based detergent.The behavior of powder MES properties was measured in terms of morphology,particle size,cohesion,caking,and compaction.Before that,these palm stearin-based MES of carbon chain 16–18 with ratios of 98:2,80:20,and 60:40 in flakes were ground using a high shear mixer by 23,000 rpm to produce powder particles.Decreasing the particle size of MES powder can reduce the powder's cohesion,caking,and compaction.The addition of zeolite or soda ash as a glidant in powdered MES can improve the caking behavior.The high stearic in MES greatly influenced getting fine particle powders and required more glidant agents.This powder MES with excellent powder characteristics can perform well as a bio-based cleaning product.
文摘Ergene Basin is one of the most important industrial centers due to the geographical location in Turkey. Uncontrolled and rapidly increasing industrialization brings together a large number of environmental problems in the basin. In this study, pollution was investigated in the water samples taken at time intervals and different parts of groundwater and surface water resources located within Ergene Basin by methylene blue anionic surfactants （MBAS） analysis method. Turbidity, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity （EC）, concentrations of total P and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates （LAS） were simultaneously determined in the investigated water resources. The results were compared with the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation specified in the Quality Criteria of the Inland Water Resources according to their class. The total P and LAS concentrations of surface waters are generally higher than groundwater. In terms of LAS concentrations, the groundwater is Ⅰ-Ⅱ class and the surface water is Ⅱ-Ⅳ class.
基金Financial support for this work was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21931013,21702225,21672238,and 21421002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(no.XDB20000000).
文摘Although trifluoromethylthiolated compounds have privileged applications in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,efficient strategies for the asymmetric construction of C_(sp)^(3)-SCF_(3)bonds are limited.Specifically,the catalytic asymmetric nucleophilic trifluoromethylthiolation remains challenging.Here,we report a copper-catalyzed enantioselective nucleophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of secondary propargyl sulfonates with trifluoromethylthio silver.The reaction exhibits high efficiency,good enantioselectivity,high functional group tolerance,and broad substrate scope,paving a new way for the asymmetric synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated compounds.
