Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection occurs primarily in hepatocytes in the liver with release of infectious virions and non-infectious empty surface antigen particles into the bloodstream. HBV replication is non-cytop...Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection occurs primarily in hepatocytes in the liver with release of infectious virions and non-infectious empty surface antigen particles into the bloodstream. HBV replication is non-cytopathic. Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often life-long. Chronic infections can lead to liver failure with cirrhosis and hepatocellniar carcinoma. It is generally accepted that neutralizing anti-HBs antibodies plays a key role in recovery from HBV infection by containing the spread of infection in the infected host and facilitating the removal and destruction of viral particles. However, the immune response initiated by the T-cell response to viral antigens is also important for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis in HBV infection. The three structural forms of the viral proteins, the HBsAg, the particulate HBcAg, and the nonparticulate HBeAg, may preferentially elicit different Th cell subsets. The different IgG subclass profiles of anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HBe in different HBV infection status were revealed. Moreover, the different IgG subclass profiles in chronic carriers did not change with different ALT and AST levels and may reflect the difference between stimulating antigens, immune response, and the stages of viral disease and provide the basis for the use of vaccines and prophylactic treatments for individuals at high risk of human HBV infection. This review elucidates the detailed understanding of the immune responses induced during transient and persistent infection, and the development of immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis in patients with HBV infection, and possible means of reducing the liver damage.展开更多
目的调查国内7个厂家静注人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)制品中各种免疫球蛋白成分含量,为改进国产IVIG质量提供参考依据。方法采用ELISA法测定市售的国内7家血液制品厂生产的26批次IVIG制品中IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE、IgM等免疫球蛋白的含量以及IgG亚...目的调查国内7个厂家静注人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)制品中各种免疫球蛋白成分含量,为改进国产IVIG质量提供参考依据。方法采用ELISA法测定市售的国内7家血液制品厂生产的26批次IVIG制品中IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE、IgM等免疫球蛋白的含量以及IgG亚型含量;同时测定进口某品牌6批次IVIG制品做对照。结果免疫球蛋白含量国内与进口制品比较,IgG(g/mL):0.052±0.003 vs 0.048±0.003;IgA(μg/mL):154.1±30.8 vs 120.3±52.5;IgM(μg/mL):7.6±1.5 vs 4.7±5.0;IgD(ng/mL):145.5±29.1 vs 207.8±23.9;IgE(ng/mL):13.9±2.7vs 93.7±17.8;IgG亚型含量IgG1(%):58.4±3.3 vs 60.4±2.1;IgG2(%):32.0±2.9 vs 31.5±1.8;IgG3(%):7.0±1.1 vs 6.4±0.5;IgG4(%):2.6±1.1 vs 1.7±0.9。结论国内外不同厂家的IVIG制品中IgG含量、IgG亚型差异不明显,均接近正常血浆比例,达到药典相关规定。除IgM含量外IgA、IgD、IgE等含量差异较明显(P<0.05)。展开更多
文摘Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection occurs primarily in hepatocytes in the liver with release of infectious virions and non-infectious empty surface antigen particles into the bloodstream. HBV replication is non-cytopathic. Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often life-long. Chronic infections can lead to liver failure with cirrhosis and hepatocellniar carcinoma. It is generally accepted that neutralizing anti-HBs antibodies plays a key role in recovery from HBV infection by containing the spread of infection in the infected host and facilitating the removal and destruction of viral particles. However, the immune response initiated by the T-cell response to viral antigens is also important for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis in HBV infection. The three structural forms of the viral proteins, the HBsAg, the particulate HBcAg, and the nonparticulate HBeAg, may preferentially elicit different Th cell subsets. The different IgG subclass profiles of anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HBe in different HBV infection status were revealed. Moreover, the different IgG subclass profiles in chronic carriers did not change with different ALT and AST levels and may reflect the difference between stimulating antigens, immune response, and the stages of viral disease and provide the basis for the use of vaccines and prophylactic treatments for individuals at high risk of human HBV infection. This review elucidates the detailed understanding of the immune responses induced during transient and persistent infection, and the development of immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis in patients with HBV infection, and possible means of reducing the liver damage.
文摘目的调查国内7个厂家静注人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)制品中各种免疫球蛋白成分含量,为改进国产IVIG质量提供参考依据。方法采用ELISA法测定市售的国内7家血液制品厂生产的26批次IVIG制品中IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE、IgM等免疫球蛋白的含量以及IgG亚型含量;同时测定进口某品牌6批次IVIG制品做对照。结果免疫球蛋白含量国内与进口制品比较,IgG(g/mL):0.052±0.003 vs 0.048±0.003;IgA(μg/mL):154.1±30.8 vs 120.3±52.5;IgM(μg/mL):7.6±1.5 vs 4.7±5.0;IgD(ng/mL):145.5±29.1 vs 207.8±23.9;IgE(ng/mL):13.9±2.7vs 93.7±17.8;IgG亚型含量IgG1(%):58.4±3.3 vs 60.4±2.1;IgG2(%):32.0±2.9 vs 31.5±1.8;IgG3(%):7.0±1.1 vs 6.4±0.5;IgG4(%):2.6±1.1 vs 1.7±0.9。结论国内外不同厂家的IVIG制品中IgG含量、IgG亚型差异不明显,均接近正常血浆比例,达到药典相关规定。除IgM含量外IgA、IgD、IgE等含量差异较明显(P<0.05)。
