Background：Herpes simplex keratitis （HSK） caused by herpes simplex virus 1 （HSV-1）,which has high recurrent rate and incidence of severe vision loss,is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world.The a...Background：Herpes simplex keratitis （HSK） caused by herpes simplex virus 1 （HSV-1）,which has high recurrent rate and incidence of severe vision loss,is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world.The aim was to explore the clinical efficacy of oral ganciclovir （GCV） in the prevention of recurrent HSK.Methods：A multicenter,prospective,randomized,single-blind,and controlled clinical trial was conducted from April 2010 to June 2013.One hundred seventy-three patients （173 eyes involved） who were diagnosed as recurrent HSK definitely,including stromal keratitis and corneal endotheliitis,were divided into three groups randomly：negative control （placebo） group was topically administered with 0.15% GCV ophthalmic gel,4 times per day and 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops,3 times per day until resolution of HSK; positive control acyclovir （ACV） group was topically adopted the same ophthalmic gel and eye drops and additionally received oral ACV 400 mg 5 times a day for 10 weeks and followed by 400 mg 2 times per day for 6 months; test GCV group was topically adopted the same treatment as negative control group and additionally received oral GCV 1000 mg 3 times per day for 8 weeks.The symptoms and signs were evaluated before and after the therapy 1^st week,2^nd week and then followed up every 2 weeks until recovery.Furthermore,we followed up recurrence of HSK for every 3 months after recovery and then assessed the cure time,recurrent rate and adverse reactions.Results：One hundred and seventy-three patients were followed up 7-48 months （mean 32.1 ± 12.3 months）,but 34 patients were failed to follow-up.The cure time was 12.1± 4.3,11.9 ± 4.0 weeks in negative control （placebo） group and positive control ACV group respectively （P =0.991）,which was longer than that in test GCV group （8.6 ± 2.8 weeks） and there was a significant difference between test GCV group and negative control （placebo） group or positive control ACV group （P =0.000）.Furthermore,the recurrent展开更多
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoal parasites. They are eukaryotic and spore forming. Increasing interest in this parasite as a pathogen in the ocular tissues in recent times is due to increasing awaren...Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoal parasites. They are eukaryotic and spore forming. Increasing interest in this parasite as a pathogen in the ocular tissues in recent times is due to increasing awareness of microsporidia as an ocular pathogen and better methods of identification of the organism. It also can cause intestinal, sinus, pulmonary, muscular and renal diseases, in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Ocular microsporidiosis can occur in isolation or as a part of systemic infections. In earlier published literature, ocular involvement in immunocompetent individuals was more in the form of stromal keratitis and immunocompromised individuals were seen to have keratoconjunctivitis. However, later studies show that this pattern has many variations. Occurrence in rainy season with exposure to muddy water and history of minor trauma is now a known factor. Identification by light microscopy from scrapings with KOH, Gram, Giemsa staining is possible. Growth of the organisms, however, is possible only by cell culture. Species identification is done by polymerase chain reaction and by electron microscopy. Immunofluorescent staining techniques are also available in advanced laboratories for species differentiation of microsporidia. Till date, treatment of ocular microsporidia has not been standardized and varies from simple debridement to use of various antibiotics, antiseptics antifungals and antiviral agents.展开更多
AIM： To design, optimize and validate a rapid,internally controlled real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） test for herpes simplex virus（HSV） in the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis.· M...AIM： To design, optimize and validate a rapid,internally controlled real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） test for herpes simplex virus（HSV） in the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis.· METHODS： Tears alone or together with corneal epithelium scrapings from 30 patients（30 eyes）suspected of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis were tested for HSV DNA by RT-PCR. The samples were collected during the first visit and then on the subsequent 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 d. The symptoms of the patients were scored before treatment to determine the correlation between HSV concentration in the corneal epithelium scrapings and clinical scores.·RESULTS： The positive rate（46.4%） in the corneal epithelium group before the therapy was significantly higher than that（13.3%） in the tears group（P =0.006）.There were 13 positive HSV patients before the therapy,the concentration of HSV DNA in corneal epithelium scrapings group was significantly higher than that in the tears group（paired t-test, P =0.0397）. Multilevel mixedeffects model analysis showed that the difference between the corneal epithelium scrapings group and the tears group was statistically significant（P =0.0049）. The Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between the HSV concentration in the corneal epithelium scrapings and clinical scores before the treatment（r =0.844, P〈 0.0001）.· CONCLUSION： RT-PCR appears to be a powerful molecular tool for the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis.展开更多
文摘Background：Herpes simplex keratitis （HSK） caused by herpes simplex virus 1 （HSV-1）,which has high recurrent rate and incidence of severe vision loss,is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world.The aim was to explore the clinical efficacy of oral ganciclovir （GCV） in the prevention of recurrent HSK.Methods：A multicenter,prospective,randomized,single-blind,and controlled clinical trial was conducted from April 2010 to June 2013.One hundred seventy-three patients （173 eyes involved） who were diagnosed as recurrent HSK definitely,including stromal keratitis and corneal endotheliitis,were divided into three groups randomly：negative control （placebo） group was topically administered with 0.15% GCV ophthalmic gel,4 times per day and 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops,3 times per day until resolution of HSK; positive control acyclovir （ACV） group was topically adopted the same ophthalmic gel and eye drops and additionally received oral ACV 400 mg 5 times a day for 10 weeks and followed by 400 mg 2 times per day for 6 months; test GCV group was topically adopted the same treatment as negative control group and additionally received oral GCV 1000 mg 3 times per day for 8 weeks.The symptoms and signs were evaluated before and after the therapy 1^st week,2^nd week and then followed up every 2 weeks until recovery.Furthermore,we followed up recurrence of HSK for every 3 months after recovery and then assessed the cure time,recurrent rate and adverse reactions.Results：One hundred and seventy-three patients were followed up 7-48 months （mean 32.1 ± 12.3 months）,but 34 patients were failed to follow-up.The cure time was 12.1± 4.3,11.9 ± 4.0 weeks in negative control （placebo） group and positive control ACV group respectively （P =0.991）,which was longer than that in test GCV group （8.6 ± 2.8 weeks） and there was a significant difference between test GCV group and negative control （placebo） group or positive control ACV group （P =0.000）.Furthermore,the recurrent
文摘Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoal parasites. They are eukaryotic and spore forming. Increasing interest in this parasite as a pathogen in the ocular tissues in recent times is due to increasing awareness of microsporidia as an ocular pathogen and better methods of identification of the organism. It also can cause intestinal, sinus, pulmonary, muscular and renal diseases, in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Ocular microsporidiosis can occur in isolation or as a part of systemic infections. In earlier published literature, ocular involvement in immunocompetent individuals was more in the form of stromal keratitis and immunocompromised individuals were seen to have keratoconjunctivitis. However, later studies show that this pattern has many variations. Occurrence in rainy season with exposure to muddy water and history of minor trauma is now a known factor. Identification by light microscopy from scrapings with KOH, Gram, Giemsa staining is possible. Growth of the organisms, however, is possible only by cell culture. Species identification is done by polymerase chain reaction and by electron microscopy. Immunofluorescent staining techniques are also available in advanced laboratories for species differentiation of microsporidia. Till date, treatment of ocular microsporidia has not been standardized and varies from simple debridement to use of various antibiotics, antiseptics antifungals and antiviral agents.
文摘AIM： To design, optimize and validate a rapid,internally controlled real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） test for herpes simplex virus（HSV） in the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis.· METHODS： Tears alone or together with corneal epithelium scrapings from 30 patients（30 eyes）suspected of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis were tested for HSV DNA by RT-PCR. The samples were collected during the first visit and then on the subsequent 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 d. The symptoms of the patients were scored before treatment to determine the correlation between HSV concentration in the corneal epithelium scrapings and clinical scores.·RESULTS： The positive rate（46.4%） in the corneal epithelium group before the therapy was significantly higher than that（13.3%） in the tears group（P =0.006）.There were 13 positive HSV patients before the therapy,the concentration of HSV DNA in corneal epithelium scrapings group was significantly higher than that in the tears group（paired t-test, P =0.0397）. Multilevel mixedeffects model analysis showed that the difference between the corneal epithelium scrapings group and the tears group was statistically significant（P =0.0049）. The Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between the HSV concentration in the corneal epithelium scrapings and clinical scores before the treatment（r =0.844, P〈 0.0001）.· CONCLUSION： RT-PCR appears to be a powerful molecular tool for the diagnosis of necrotizing herpes stromal keratitis.
