Cancer is the leading cause of death in China and depicting the cancer pattern of China would provide basic knowhows on how to tackle it more effectively.In this study we have reviewed several reports of cancer burden...Cancer is the leading cause of death in China and depicting the cancer pattern of China would provide basic knowhows on how to tackle it more effectively.In this study we have reviewed several reports of cancer burden,including the Global cancer statistics 2018 and Cancer statistics in China,2015,along with the GLOBCAN 2018 online database,to investigate the differences of cancer patterns between China,the United States(USA)and the United Kingdom(UK).An estimated 4.3 million new cancer cases and 2.9 million new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2018.Compared to the USA and UK,China has lower cancer incidence but a 30%and 40%higher cancer mortality than the UK and USA,among which 36.4%of the cancer-related deaths were from the digestive tract cancers(stomach,liver,and esophagus cancer)and have relatively poorer prognoses.In comparison,the digestive cancer deaths only took up≤5%of the total cancer deaths in either USA or UK.Other reasons for the higher mortality in China may be the low rate of early-stage cancers at diagnosis and non-uniformed clinical cancer treatment strategies performed by different regions.China is undergoing the cancer transition stage where the cancer spectrum is changing from developing country to developed country,with a rapidly increase cancer burden of colorectal,prostate,female breast cancers in addition to a high occurrence of infection-related and digestive cancers.The incidence of westernized lifestyle-related cancers in China(i.e.colorectal cancer,prostate,bladder cancer)has risen but the incidence of the digestive cancers has decreased from 2000 to 2011.An estimated 40%of the risk factors can be attributed to environmental and lifestyle factors either in China or other developed countries.Tobacco smoking is the single most important carcinogenic risk factor in China,contributing to~24.5%of cancers in males.Chronic infection is another important preventable cancer contributor which is responsible for~17%of cancers.Comprehensive prevention and control strategies in China should inc展开更多
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是全球性的公共卫生问题,在我国造成的疾病负担更为严重。我国自1992年将乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗纳入计划免疫管理,通过激励机制鼓励孕产妇住院分娩,提高乙肝疫苗首针和全程接种率,减少了因母婴传...乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是全球性的公共卫生问题,在我国造成的疾病负担更为严重。我国自1992年将乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗纳入计划免疫管理,通过激励机制鼓励孕产妇住院分娩,提高乙肝疫苗首针和全程接种率,减少了因母婴传播导致的乙肝病毒感染;加强了献血员筛查和诊疗、检测、消毒等方面的规范管理,医源性HBV感染得到有效控制,这些策略的实施,使HBV新发感染率显著下降,提前实现了世界卫生组织(WHO)西太区提出的2017年将5岁以下人群HBsAg携带率降至1%以下的目标。此外,通过实施健康促进,提高公众对乙肝防控的认知水平,下发文件以减少入学和就业环节乙肝歧视问题的发生。然而,我国新生儿中还有相当部分的儿童难以实现HBV母婴传播阻断,成人中尚有部分高危人群感染HBV,社区HBsAg阳性者的健康意识较低,其规范化随访体检和规范治疗仍面临挑战。总之,乙肝在我国感染率高,造成的疾病负担重。为从根本上控制乙肝的传播,必须坚持预防接种为主、防治结合的控制策略,保持新生儿优先接种乙肝疫苗的策略,逐步将儿童查漏补种和成人高危人群接种纳入常规免疫。除加强医源性感染的控制外,提高人群的知晓率,加大对HBsAg携带者的筛查、诊断和治疗,实现WHO制定的2030年工作目标,是今后控制乙肝的当务之急。展开更多
文摘Cancer is the leading cause of death in China and depicting the cancer pattern of China would provide basic knowhows on how to tackle it more effectively.In this study we have reviewed several reports of cancer burden,including the Global cancer statistics 2018 and Cancer statistics in China,2015,along with the GLOBCAN 2018 online database,to investigate the differences of cancer patterns between China,the United States(USA)and the United Kingdom(UK).An estimated 4.3 million new cancer cases and 2.9 million new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2018.Compared to the USA and UK,China has lower cancer incidence but a 30%and 40%higher cancer mortality than the UK and USA,among which 36.4%of the cancer-related deaths were from the digestive tract cancers(stomach,liver,and esophagus cancer)and have relatively poorer prognoses.In comparison,the digestive cancer deaths only took up≤5%of the total cancer deaths in either USA or UK.Other reasons for the higher mortality in China may be the low rate of early-stage cancers at diagnosis and non-uniformed clinical cancer treatment strategies performed by different regions.China is undergoing the cancer transition stage where the cancer spectrum is changing from developing country to developed country,with a rapidly increase cancer burden of colorectal,prostate,female breast cancers in addition to a high occurrence of infection-related and digestive cancers.The incidence of westernized lifestyle-related cancers in China(i.e.colorectal cancer,prostate,bladder cancer)has risen but the incidence of the digestive cancers has decreased from 2000 to 2011.An estimated 40%of the risk factors can be attributed to environmental and lifestyle factors either in China or other developed countries.Tobacco smoking is the single most important carcinogenic risk factor in China,contributing to~24.5%of cancers in males.Chronic infection is another important preventable cancer contributor which is responsible for~17%of cancers.Comprehensive prevention and control strategies in China should inc
文摘乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是全球性的公共卫生问题,在我国造成的疾病负担更为严重。我国自1992年将乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗纳入计划免疫管理,通过激励机制鼓励孕产妇住院分娩,提高乙肝疫苗首针和全程接种率,减少了因母婴传播导致的乙肝病毒感染;加强了献血员筛查和诊疗、检测、消毒等方面的规范管理,医源性HBV感染得到有效控制,这些策略的实施,使HBV新发感染率显著下降,提前实现了世界卫生组织(WHO)西太区提出的2017年将5岁以下人群HBsAg携带率降至1%以下的目标。此外,通过实施健康促进,提高公众对乙肝防控的认知水平,下发文件以减少入学和就业环节乙肝歧视问题的发生。然而,我国新生儿中还有相当部分的儿童难以实现HBV母婴传播阻断,成人中尚有部分高危人群感染HBV,社区HBsAg阳性者的健康意识较低,其规范化随访体检和规范治疗仍面临挑战。总之,乙肝在我国感染率高,造成的疾病负担重。为从根本上控制乙肝的传播,必须坚持预防接种为主、防治结合的控制策略,保持新生儿优先接种乙肝疫苗的策略,逐步将儿童查漏补种和成人高危人群接种纳入常规免疫。除加强医源性感染的控制外,提高人群的知晓率,加大对HBsAg携带者的筛查、诊断和治疗,实现WHO制定的2030年工作目标,是今后控制乙肝的当务之急。
