In this work, we select spectra of stars with high signal-to-noise ratio from LAMOST data and map their MK classes to the spectral features. The equivalent widths of prominent spectral lines, which play a similar role...In this work, we select spectra of stars with high signal-to-noise ratio from LAMOST data and map their MK classes to the spectral features. The equivalent widths of prominent spectral lines, which play a similar role as multi-color photometry, form a clean stellar locus well ordered by MK classes. The advantage of the stellar locus in line indices is that it gives a natural and continuous classification of stars consistent with either broadly used MK classes or stellar astrophysical parameters. We also employ an SVM-based classification algorithm to assign MK classes to LAMOST stellar spectra. We find that the completenesses of the classifications are up to 90% for A and G type stars, but they are down to about 50% for OB and K type stars. About 40% of the OB and K type stars are mis-classified as A and G type stars,respectively. This is likely due to the difference in the spectral features between late B type and early A type stars or between late G and early K type stars being very weak. The relatively poor performance of the automatic MK classification with SVM suggests that the direct use of line indices to classify stars is likely a more preferable choice.展开更多
Extremely low background experiments to measure key nuclear reaction cross sections of astrophysical interest are conducted at the world’s deepest underground laboratory,the Jingping Underground laboratory for Nuclea...Extremely low background experiments to measure key nuclear reaction cross sections of astrophysical interest are conducted at the world’s deepest underground laboratory,the Jingping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics(JUNA).High precision measurements provide reliable information to understand nucleosynthetic processes in celestial objects and resolve mysteries on the origin of atomic nuclei discovered in the first generations of Pop.III stars in the universe and meteoritic SiC grains in the solar system.展开更多
More than about 50% of stars are in binaries, but most stellar population studies take single star stellar population （ssSSP） models, which do not take binary interactions into account. In fact, the integrated pecul...More than about 50% of stars are in binaries, but most stellar population studies take single star stellar population （ssSSP） models, which do not take binary interactions into account. In fact, the integrated peculiarities of ssSSPs are different from those of stellar populations with binary interactions （bsSSPs）. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of binary interactions on the Lick indices and colors of populations in detail. We show some formulae for calculating the difference between the Lick indices and colors of bsSSPs, and those of ssSSPs. Twenty-five Lick indices and 12 colors are studied in this work. The results can be conveniently used for calculating the effects of binary interactions on stellar population studies and for adding the effects of binary interactions into present ssSSP models. The electronic data and fortran procedures in the paper can be obtained on request from the authors.展开更多
Chemical elements in space can be synthesized by stellar nuclear reactors. Studying the dynamics of processes occurring in the stars introduces a concept of the ensemble-averaged stellar reactor. For future interstell...Chemical elements in space can be synthesized by stellar nuclear reactors. Studying the dynamics of processes occurring in the stars introduces a concept of the ensemble-averaged stellar reactor. For future interstellar missions, the terrestrial and solar abundances were compared with considerable number of stars allocated in the ~200 pc solar neighborhood. According to the value of the effective temperature, four stellar classes are distinguished, for which the correlation coefficients and standard deviation are calculated. The statement about the possibility of transferring heavy elements synthesized by stars over long distances in space has been completely refuted. There is no immutability of the distribution of elements on neighboring stars and in the Solar System. It is shown that chemical elements are mainly synthesized inside each stellar reactor. The theory of the buoyancy of elements is generalized to stars. It has been suggested that stars overheat due to a shift in the parameters of nuclear processes occurring inside stars, which leads to the synthesis of heavy elements.展开更多
The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (ph...The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2V). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the G8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.展开更多
A concept of ensemble averaged stellar reactors is developed to study the dynamics of processes occurring in stars, allocated in the ~200 pc solar neighborhood. According to the effective temperature value, four stell...A concept of ensemble averaged stellar reactors is developed to study the dynamics of processes occurring in stars, allocated in the ~200 pc solar neighborhood. According to the effective temperature value, four stellar classes are identified, for which the correlation coefficients and standard deviation are counted. The theory of the buoyancy terrestial elements is generalized to stellar systems. It was suggested that stars are over-heated due to the shift parameters of the nuclear processes occurring inside the stars, which leads to the synthesis of transuranium elements until the achievement of a critical nuclear mass and star explosion. The heavy transuranium elements sink downward and are concentrated in the stellar depth layers. The physical explanation of the existence of the critical Chandrasekhar star limit has been offered. Based on the spatial analysis of overheated stars, it was suggested that the withdrawal of the stellar reactor from the equilibrium state is a consequence of extragalactic compression inside the galaxy arm due to the arm spirality (not to be confused with the spirality of the galaxy itself).展开更多
We determined the relative stellar ages and metallicities of about 80 elliptical galaxies in both low and high density environments using the latest binary stellar population （BSP） synthesis model and tested the pre...We determined the relative stellar ages and metallicities of about 80 elliptical galaxies in both low and high density environments using the latest binary stellar population （BSP） synthesis model and tested the predictions of a recent hierarchical formation model that adopted the new ACDM cosmology. The stellar ages and metallicities were estimated from two high-quality published spectra line indices, the Hβ and [MgFe] indices. The results show that the stellar populations of elliptical galaxies are older than 3.9 Gyr and more metal rich than 0.02. Most of our results are in agreement with the model predictions; （1） elliptical galaxies in denser environment are redder and have older populations than field galaxies; （2） elliptical galaxies with more massive stellar components are redder and have older and more metal rich populations than less massive ones; （3） the most massive galaxies have the oldest and most metal rich stars. However, some of our results differ from the model predictions on the metallicity distributions of low- and high-density elliptical galaxies and the dependence on the distance to the cluster center.展开更多
Motivated by the fact that calibrated light curves of Type Ia supernovae （SNe Ia） have become a major tool to determine the expansion history of the Universe, considerable attention has been given to, both, observat...Motivated by the fact that calibrated light curves of Type Ia supernovae （SNe Ia） have become a major tool to determine the expansion history of the Universe, considerable attention has been given to, both, observations and models of these events over the past 15 years. Here, we summarize new observational constraints, address recent progress in modeling Type Ia supernovae by means of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, and discuss several of the still open questions. It will be be shown that the new models have considerable predictive power which allows us to study observable properties such as light curves and spectra without adjustable non-physical parameters. This is a necessary requisite to improve our understanding of the explosion mechanism and to settle the question of the applicability of SNe Ia as distance indicators for cosmology. We explore the capabilities of the models by comparing them be applied to study the origin of the diversity with observations and we show how such models can of SNe Ia.展开更多
Stellar-inertial guidance is a composite guidance technique that can effectively enhance the impact accuracy of ballistic missiles. In this paper, measurement and correction equations for a single-star stellar-inertia...Stellar-inertial guidance is a composite guidance technique that can effectively enhance the impact accuracy of ballistic missiles. In this paper, measurement and correction equations for a single-star stellar-inertial guidance system were developed, and a concept of equivalent information compression was presented and discussed through some propositions. With this concept, accuracies of single/double star schemes were compared, and it was shown that a single-star scheme can achieve the accuracy equivalent to a double-star scheme. This theoretically proves the feasibility of the rapid determination of the optimum stellar direction of the single-star scheme. Lastly, a compensational method to correct the guidance errors was employed when the adopted navigation star deviated from the optimum stellar direction.展开更多
A new programmable prediction method is developed to refine the occultation band by taking into consideration the triaxiality of an occulting body, as well as two more factors, namely, the barycenter offset of an occu...A new programmable prediction method is developed to refine the occultation band by taking into consideration the triaxiality of an occulting body, as well as two more factors, namely, the barycenter offset of an occulting planet from the relevant planetary satellite system and the gravitational deflection of light rays due to an occulting planet. Although these factors can be neglected in most cases, it is shown that there are cases when these factors can cause a variation ranging from several tens to thousands of kilometers in the boundaries of occultation bands. Knowledge of analytic geometry simplifies the process of derivation and computation. This method is applied to long-term predictions of Jovian and Saturnian events.展开更多
Observed spiral galaxy rotation curves allow a measurement of the warm dark matter particle velocity dispersion and mass. The measured thermal relic mass m<sub>h </sub>≈100 eV is in disagreement ...Observed spiral galaxy rotation curves allow a measurement of the warm dark matter particle velocity dispersion and mass. The measured thermal relic mass m<sub>h </sub>≈100 eV is in disagreement with limits, typically in the range 1 to 4 keV. We review the measurements, update the no freeze-in and no freeze-out scenario of warm dark matter, and try to identify the cause of the discrepancies between measurements and limits.展开更多
A more compact representation of the Segré chart of nuclides can be obtained replacing the isotopic neutron with the corresponding neutron excess number;a first sight inspection of all the natural isotopes is pro...A more compact representation of the Segré chart of nuclides can be obtained replacing the isotopic neutron with the corresponding neutron excess number;a first sight inspection of all the natural isotopes is produced. The resulting representation shows a built-inorder in the organization of the nuclear components into the nuclei of the natural isotopes, sustained by the relevant role of the magic numbers. The interpretation, on the identical foot, of the nuclear instability of Tc, Pm and of the elements following Bi is suggested. The present representation reminds the spheron model of the nuclear structure suggested by L. Pauling. The alpha decay paths of radioactive isotopes are shown, side by side to the low energy nuclear transmutations (LENR). Representations of the artificial isotopes of the chemical elements and of the stellar nucleosynthesis processes are also proposed.展开更多
The model proposes that Nuclei of all macroobjects (Galaxy clusters, Galaxies, Star clusters, Extrasolar systems) are made up of Dark Matter Particles (DMP). These Nuclei are surrounded by Shells composed of both Dark...The model proposes that Nuclei of all macroobjects (Galaxy clusters, Galaxies, Star clusters, Extrasolar systems) are made up of Dark Matter Particles (DMP). These Nuclei are surrounded by Shells composed of both Dark and Baryonic matter. This model is used to explain various astrophysical phenomena: Multi-wavelength Pulsars;Binary Millisecond Pulsars;Gamma-Ray Bursts;Fast Radio Bursts;Young Stellar Object Dippers;Starburst Galaxies;Gravitational Waves. New types of Fermi Compact Stars made of DMP are introduced: Neutralino star, WIMP star, and DIRAC star. Gamma-Ray Pulsars are rotating Neutralino and WIMP stars. Merger of binary DIRAC stars can be a source of Gravitational waves.展开更多
Metal-deficient stars are regarded as fossils of the early generation of stars and therefore make crucial observational targets related to stellar astrophysics. They provide fundamental information and insights on pro...Metal-deficient stars are regarded as fossils of the early generation of stars and therefore make crucial observational targets related to stellar astrophysics. They provide fundamental information and insights on properties of the very early stage of the chemical history of the Galaxy and have been investigated for decades. The unique design of the Guoshoujing Telescope （LAMOST）, such as its large field and multi-object observational capability, enables it to be an excellent tool for searching for these metal-poor stars in the Milky Way. This work reports the result of test observations which search for metal-poor stars with LAMOST, during which nine candidate metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] ≤ - 1.0 were newly detected based on the low-resolution spectroscopic observations of the LAMOST commissioning data. The sample of stars demonstrates the efficiency of selecting from the input catalog, as well as the ability of LAMOST to enlarge the sample of metal-poor stars in the Milky Way. Furthermore, the sample of stars could be used for future calibrations of the LAMOST stellar pa- rameter pipeline.展开更多
We compare the observed galaxy stellar mass distributions in the redshift range <img src="Edit_bc01f6dd-d7f9-42f9-9db0-dbd1148de50e.png" alt="" />with expectations of the cold ΛCDM and warm ...We compare the observed galaxy stellar mass distributions in the redshift range <img src="Edit_bc01f6dd-d7f9-42f9-9db0-dbd1148de50e.png" alt="" />with expectations of the cold ΛCDM and warm ΛWDM dark matter models, and obtain the warm dark matter cut-off wavenumber: <img src="Edit_ab3d491d-7145-4d59-b4b1-bea473d62333.png" alt="" />. This result is in agreement with the independent measurements with spiral galaxy rotation curves, confirms that <em>k</em><sub>fs</sub> is due to warm dark matter free-streaming, and is consistent with the scenario of dark matter with no freeze-in and no freeze-out. Detailed properties of warm dark matter can be derived from <em>k</em><sub>fs</sub>. The data disfavors the ΛCDM model.展开更多
In this review, we discuss whether the present solar dynamo models can be extrapolated to explain various aspects of stellar activity. We begin with a summary of the following kinds of data for solar-like stars:(i) da...In this review, we discuss whether the present solar dynamo models can be extrapolated to explain various aspects of stellar activity. We begin with a summary of the following kinds of data for solar-like stars:(i) data pertaining to stellar cycles from Ca H/K emission over many years;(ii) X-ray data indicating hot coronal activity;(iii) starspot data(especially about giant polar spots); and(iv) data pertaining to stellar superflares. Then we describe the current status of solar dynamo modelling—giving an introduction to the flux transport dynamo model, the currently favoured model for the solar cycle. While an extrapolation of this model to solar-like stars can explain some aspects of observational data, some other aspects of the data still remain to be theoretically explained. It is not clear right now whether we need a different kind of dynamo mechanism for stars having giant starspots or producing very strong superflares.展开更多
The Kilo Degree Survey(Ki DS)is currently the only sky survey providing optical(ugri)plus near-infrared(NIR,ZY H JKS)seeing matched photometry over an area larger than 1000 deg2.This is obtained by incorporating the N...The Kilo Degree Survey(Ki DS)is currently the only sky survey providing optical(ugri)plus near-infrared(NIR,ZY H JKS)seeing matched photometry over an area larger than 1000 deg2.This is obtained by incorporating the NIR data from the VISTA Kilo Degree Infrared Galaxy(VIKING)survey,covering the same Ki DS footprint.As such,the Ki DS multi-wavelength photometry represents a unique dataset to test the ability of stellar population models to return robust photometric stellar mass(M_(*))and star-formation rate(SFR)estimates.Here we use a spectroscopic sample of galaxies for which we possess ugri ZY JHK_(s)“gaussianized”magnitudes from Ki DS data release 4.We fit the spectral energy distribution from the 9-band photometry using:(1)three different popular libraries of stellar population templates,(2)single burst,simple and delayed exponential star-formation history models,and(3)a wide range of priors on age and metallicity.As template fitting codes we use two popular softwares:Le Phare and CIGALE.We investigate the variance of the stellar masses and the star-formation rates from the different combinations of templates,star formation recipes and codes to assess the stability of these estimates and define some“robust”median quantities to be included in the upcoming Ki DS data releases.As a science validation test,we derive the mass function,the star formation rate function,and the SFR-M_(*)relation for a low-redshift(z<0.5)sample of galaxies,that result in excellent agreement with previous literature data.The final catalog,containing~290000 galaxies with redshift 0.01<z<0.9,is made publicly available.展开更多
Astrophysics = the star physics was beginning its development without a supporting of measurement data, which could not be obtained then. Still astrophysics exists without this support, although now astronomers collec...Astrophysics = the star physics was beginning its development without a supporting of measurement data, which could not be obtained then. Still astrophysics exists without this support, although now astronomers collected a lot of valuable information. This is the main difference of astrophysics from all other branches of physics, for which foundations are measurement data. The creation of the theory of stars, which is based on the astronomical measurements data, is one of the main goals of modern astrophysics. Below, the principal elements of star physics based on data of astronomical measurements are described. The theoretical description of a hot star interior is obtained. It explains the distribution of stars over their masses, mass-radius-temperature and mass-luminosity dependencies. All theoretical predictions are in a good agreement with the known measurement data, which confirms the validity of this consideration.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program "The Emergence of Cosmological Structures" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB09000000)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB845700)CL acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 11373032, 11333003 and U1231119)
文摘In this work, we select spectra of stars with high signal-to-noise ratio from LAMOST data and map their MK classes to the spectral features. The equivalent widths of prominent spectral lines, which play a similar role as multi-color photometry, form a clean stellar locus well ordered by MK classes. The advantage of the stellar locus in line indices is that it gives a natural and continuous classification of stars consistent with either broadly used MK classes or stellar astrophysical parameters. We also employ an SVM-based classification algorithm to assign MK classes to LAMOST stellar spectra. We find that the completenesses of the classifications are up to 90% for A and G type stars, but they are down to about 50% for OB and K type stars. About 40% of the OB and K type stars are mis-classified as A and G type stars,respectively. This is likely due to the difference in the spectral features between late B type and early A type stars or between late G and early K type stars being very weak. The relatively poor performance of the automatic MK classification with SVM suggests that the direct use of line indices to classify stars is likely a more preferable choice.
文摘Extremely low background experiments to measure key nuclear reaction cross sections of astrophysical interest are conducted at the world’s deepest underground laboratory,the Jingping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics(JUNA).High precision measurements provide reliable information to understand nucleosynthetic processes in celestial objects and resolve mysteries on the origin of atomic nuclei discovered in the first generations of Pop.III stars in the universe and meteoritic SiC grains in the solar system.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaThis work is supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 10433030,10521001and 2007CB815406)+1 种基金the YouthFoundation of Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (07ACX51001)the Scientific Research Foundation of Dali University.
文摘More than about 50% of stars are in binaries, but most stellar population studies take single star stellar population （ssSSP） models, which do not take binary interactions into account. In fact, the integrated peculiarities of ssSSPs are different from those of stellar populations with binary interactions （bsSSPs）. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of binary interactions on the Lick indices and colors of populations in detail. We show some formulae for calculating the difference between the Lick indices and colors of bsSSPs, and those of ssSSPs. Twenty-five Lick indices and 12 colors are studied in this work. The results can be conveniently used for calculating the effects of binary interactions on stellar population studies and for adding the effects of binary interactions into present ssSSP models. The electronic data and fortran procedures in the paper can be obtained on request from the authors.
文摘Chemical elements in space can be synthesized by stellar nuclear reactors. Studying the dynamics of processes occurring in the stars introduces a concept of the ensemble-averaged stellar reactor. For future interstellar missions, the terrestrial and solar abundances were compared with considerable number of stars allocated in the ~200 pc solar neighborhood. According to the value of the effective temperature, four stellar classes are distinguished, for which the correlation coefficients and standard deviation are calculated. The statement about the possibility of transferring heavy elements synthesized by stars over long distances in space has been completely refuted. There is no immutability of the distribution of elements on neighboring stars and in the Solar System. It is shown that chemical elements are mainly synthesized inside each stellar reactor. The theory of the buoyancy of elements is generalized to stars. It has been suggested that stars overheat due to a shift in the parameters of nuclear processes occurring inside stars, which leads to the synthesis of heavy elements.
文摘The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2V). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the G8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.
文摘A concept of ensemble averaged stellar reactors is developed to study the dynamics of processes occurring in stars, allocated in the ~200 pc solar neighborhood. According to the effective temperature value, four stellar classes are identified, for which the correlation coefficients and standard deviation are counted. The theory of the buoyancy terrestial elements is generalized to stellar systems. It was suggested that stars are over-heated due to the shift parameters of the nuclear processes occurring inside the stars, which leads to the synthesis of transuranium elements until the achievement of a critical nuclear mass and star explosion. The heavy transuranium elements sink downward and are concentrated in the stellar depth layers. The physical explanation of the existence of the critical Chandrasekhar star limit has been offered. Based on the spatial analysis of overheated stars, it was suggested that the withdrawal of the stellar reactor from the equilibrium state is a consequence of extragalactic compression inside the galaxy arm due to the arm spirality (not to be confused with the spirality of the galaxy itself).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘We determined the relative stellar ages and metallicities of about 80 elliptical galaxies in both low and high density environments using the latest binary stellar population （BSP） synthesis model and tested the predictions of a recent hierarchical formation model that adopted the new ACDM cosmology. The stellar ages and metallicities were estimated from two high-quality published spectra line indices, the Hβ and [MgFe] indices. The results show that the stellar populations of elliptical galaxies are older than 3.9 Gyr and more metal rich than 0.02. Most of our results are in agreement with the model predictions; （1） elliptical galaxies in denser environment are redder and have older populations than field galaxies; （2） elliptical galaxies with more massive stellar components are redder and have older and more metal rich populations than less massive ones; （3） the most massive galaxies have the oldest and most metal rich stars. However, some of our results differ from the model predictions on the metallicity distributions of low- and high-density elliptical galaxies and the dependence on the distance to the cluster center.
文摘Motivated by the fact that calibrated light curves of Type Ia supernovae （SNe Ia） have become a major tool to determine the expansion history of the Universe, considerable attention has been given to, both, observations and models of these events over the past 15 years. Here, we summarize new observational constraints, address recent progress in modeling Type Ia supernovae by means of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, and discuss several of the still open questions. It will be be shown that the new models have considerable predictive power which allows us to study observable properties such as light curves and spectra without adjustable non-physical parameters. This is a necessary requisite to improve our understanding of the explosion mechanism and to settle the question of the applicability of SNe Ia as distance indicators for cosmology. We explore the capabilities of the models by comparing them be applied to study the origin of the diversity with observations and we show how such models can of SNe Ia.
基金Supported by the Fund of Defense Pre-Research (Grant No. 51309060402)
文摘Stellar-inertial guidance is a composite guidance technique that can effectively enhance the impact accuracy of ballistic missiles. In this paper, measurement and correction equations for a single-star stellar-inertial guidance system were developed, and a concept of equivalent information compression was presented and discussed through some propositions. With this concept, accuracies of single/double star schemes were compared, and it was shown that a single-star scheme can achieve the accuracy equivalent to a double-star scheme. This theoretically proves the feasibility of the rapid determination of the optimum stellar direction of the single-star scheme. Lastly, a compensational method to correct the guidance errors was employed when the adopted navigation star deviated from the optimum stellar direction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. 11178006, 11273066 and 11533004
文摘A new programmable prediction method is developed to refine the occultation band by taking into consideration the triaxiality of an occulting body, as well as two more factors, namely, the barycenter offset of an occulting planet from the relevant planetary satellite system and the gravitational deflection of light rays due to an occulting planet. Although these factors can be neglected in most cases, it is shown that there are cases when these factors can cause a variation ranging from several tens to thousands of kilometers in the boundaries of occultation bands. Knowledge of analytic geometry simplifies the process of derivation and computation. This method is applied to long-term predictions of Jovian and Saturnian events.
文摘Observed spiral galaxy rotation curves allow a measurement of the warm dark matter particle velocity dispersion and mass. The measured thermal relic mass m<sub>h </sub>≈100 eV is in disagreement with limits, typically in the range 1 to 4 keV. We review the measurements, update the no freeze-in and no freeze-out scenario of warm dark matter, and try to identify the cause of the discrepancies between measurements and limits.
文摘A more compact representation of the Segré chart of nuclides can be obtained replacing the isotopic neutron with the corresponding neutron excess number;a first sight inspection of all the natural isotopes is produced. The resulting representation shows a built-inorder in the organization of the nuclear components into the nuclei of the natural isotopes, sustained by the relevant role of the magic numbers. The interpretation, on the identical foot, of the nuclear instability of Tc, Pm and of the elements following Bi is suggested. The present representation reminds the spheron model of the nuclear structure suggested by L. Pauling. The alpha decay paths of radioactive isotopes are shown, side by side to the low energy nuclear transmutations (LENR). Representations of the artificial isotopes of the chemical elements and of the stellar nucleosynthesis processes are also proposed.
文摘The model proposes that Nuclei of all macroobjects (Galaxy clusters, Galaxies, Star clusters, Extrasolar systems) are made up of Dark Matter Particles (DMP). These Nuclei are surrounded by Shells composed of both Dark and Baryonic matter. This model is used to explain various astrophysical phenomena: Multi-wavelength Pulsars;Binary Millisecond Pulsars;Gamma-Ray Bursts;Fast Radio Bursts;Young Stellar Object Dippers;Starburst Galaxies;Gravitational Waves. New types of Fermi Compact Stars made of DMP are introduced: Neutralino star, WIMP star, and DIRAC star. Gamma-Ray Pulsars are rotating Neutralino and WIMP stars. Merger of binary DIRAC stars can be a source of Gravitational waves.
基金The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST,now called the Guoshoujing Telescope) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No.10821061)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (Program 973Grant No.2007CB815103),and it has made use of the CAS database of SDSS3the Global Networks program of the University of Heidelberg,and from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant CH 214/5-1
文摘Metal-deficient stars are regarded as fossils of the early generation of stars and therefore make crucial observational targets related to stellar astrophysics. They provide fundamental information and insights on properties of the very early stage of the chemical history of the Galaxy and have been investigated for decades. The unique design of the Guoshoujing Telescope （LAMOST）, such as its large field and multi-object observational capability, enables it to be an excellent tool for searching for these metal-poor stars in the Milky Way. This work reports the result of test observations which search for metal-poor stars with LAMOST, during which nine candidate metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] ≤ - 1.0 were newly detected based on the low-resolution spectroscopic observations of the LAMOST commissioning data. The sample of stars demonstrates the efficiency of selecting from the input catalog, as well as the ability of LAMOST to enlarge the sample of metal-poor stars in the Milky Way. Furthermore, the sample of stars could be used for future calibrations of the LAMOST stellar pa- rameter pipeline.
文摘We compare the observed galaxy stellar mass distributions in the redshift range <img src="Edit_bc01f6dd-d7f9-42f9-9db0-dbd1148de50e.png" alt="" />with expectations of the cold ΛCDM and warm ΛWDM dark matter models, and obtain the warm dark matter cut-off wavenumber: <img src="Edit_ab3d491d-7145-4d59-b4b1-bea473d62333.png" alt="" />. This result is in agreement with the independent measurements with spiral galaxy rotation curves, confirms that <em>k</em><sub>fs</sub> is due to warm dark matter free-streaming, and is consistent with the scenario of dark matter with no freeze-in and no freeze-out. Detailed properties of warm dark matter can be derived from <em>k</em><sub>fs</sub>. The data disfavors the ΛCDM model.
基金provided by the J C Bose Fellowship awarded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
文摘In this review, we discuss whether the present solar dynamo models can be extrapolated to explain various aspects of stellar activity. We begin with a summary of the following kinds of data for solar-like stars:(i) data pertaining to stellar cycles from Ca H/K emission over many years;(ii) X-ray data indicating hot coronal activity;(iii) starspot data(especially about giant polar spots); and(iv) data pertaining to stellar superflares. Then we describe the current status of solar dynamo modelling—giving an introduction to the flux transport dynamo model, the currently favoured model for the solar cycle. While an extrapolation of this model to solar-like stars can explain some aspects of observational data, some other aspects of the data still remain to be theoretically explained. It is not clear right now whether we need a different kind of dynamo mechanism for stars having giant starspots or producing very strong superflares.
基金financial support from the Research Fund for International Scholars of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12150710511)the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12022306)+2 种基金the Science Research grants from the China Manned Space Project(Grant No.CMS-CSST-2021-A01)financial support from the One Hundred Top Talent Program of the Sun Yat-sen Universitythe financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12203096)。
文摘The Kilo Degree Survey(Ki DS)is currently the only sky survey providing optical(ugri)plus near-infrared(NIR,ZY H JKS)seeing matched photometry over an area larger than 1000 deg2.This is obtained by incorporating the NIR data from the VISTA Kilo Degree Infrared Galaxy(VIKING)survey,covering the same Ki DS footprint.As such,the Ki DS multi-wavelength photometry represents a unique dataset to test the ability of stellar population models to return robust photometric stellar mass(M_(*))and star-formation rate(SFR)estimates.Here we use a spectroscopic sample of galaxies for which we possess ugri ZY JHK_(s)“gaussianized”magnitudes from Ki DS data release 4.We fit the spectral energy distribution from the 9-band photometry using:(1)three different popular libraries of stellar population templates,(2)single burst,simple and delayed exponential star-formation history models,and(3)a wide range of priors on age and metallicity.As template fitting codes we use two popular softwares:Le Phare and CIGALE.We investigate the variance of the stellar masses and the star-formation rates from the different combinations of templates,star formation recipes and codes to assess the stability of these estimates and define some“robust”median quantities to be included in the upcoming Ki DS data releases.As a science validation test,we derive the mass function,the star formation rate function,and the SFR-M_(*)relation for a low-redshift(z<0.5)sample of galaxies,that result in excellent agreement with previous literature data.The final catalog,containing~290000 galaxies with redshift 0.01<z<0.9,is made publicly available.
文摘Astrophysics = the star physics was beginning its development without a supporting of measurement data, which could not be obtained then. Still astrophysics exists without this support, although now astronomers collected a lot of valuable information. This is the main difference of astrophysics from all other branches of physics, for which foundations are measurement data. The creation of the theory of stars, which is based on the astronomical measurements data, is one of the main goals of modern astrophysics. Below, the principal elements of star physics based on data of astronomical measurements are described. The theoretical description of a hot star interior is obtained. It explains the distribution of stars over their masses, mass-radius-temperature and mass-luminosity dependencies. All theoretical predictions are in a good agreement with the known measurement data, which confirms the validity of this consideration.
