Freezing processes of several liquids under static magnetic field(SMF) less than 50 mT were investigated. Central temperature of liquid samples held in glass test tubes immersed in a liquid bath was measured and colle...Freezing processes of several liquids under static magnetic field(SMF) less than 50 mT were investigated. Central temperature of liquid samples held in glass test tubes immersed in a liquid bath was measured and collected. Nucleation temperature and phase transition time were obtained from freezing curves. Normality tests were performed for nucleation temperature of these liquids with/without magnetic field and normality distributions were justified. Analysis of variances was carried out for nucleation temperature of these liquids with magnetic field flux density as the influencing factor. Results showed that no significant difference was found for deionized water with or without SMF. However, differences exist in 0.9% NaCl solution and 5% ethylene glycol solution with and without SMF. Nucleation temperature of 0.9% NaCl with SMF is lower than that without SMF, while its phase transition time is shorter than that without SMF. Nucleation temperature of 5% ethylene glycol with SMF is higher than that without SMF, while its phase transition time is not modified with SMF.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transforma...This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.展开更多
A multi-phase-field model has been developed to simulate the microstructure evolution and kinetics of the austenite static recrystallization（SRX） in a C–Mn steel. In this model, the bulk free energy that coupling t...A multi-phase-field model has been developed to simulate the microstructure evolution and kinetics of the austenite static recrystallization（SRX） in a C–Mn steel. In this model, the bulk free energy that coupling the deformation stored energy with a special interpolation function is incorporated. Both the deformed grain topology and the deformation stored energy have been included in order to investigate the influence of pre-deformation on the subsequent austenite SRX at different hot deformation levels. Diverse scenarios of microstructure evolution show different deformation-dependent recrystallized grain sizes. The transformation kinetics is then discussed by analyzing the overall SRX fraction and the average interface velocity on the recrystallization front.展开更多
Lamellar globularization in the dual-phase titanium alloy is the key to improving plasticity and strength.However,the mechanism has not been fully elucidated so far.In this work,the role of phase/grain bound-ary in th...Lamellar globularization in the dual-phase titanium alloy is the key to improving plasticity and strength.However,the mechanism has not been fully elucidated so far.In this work,the role of phase/grain bound-ary in the static globularization of TC17 alloy was systematically studied by setting differentαphase con-tent before annealing through low-and high-temperature deformation.Isothermal compression causes the parallel distribution and fragmentation of 3Dαplates and few globularαparticles are formed at a strain rate of 1 s^(-1).Post-deformation annealing promotes the static globularization ofαphase while it is affected by initialαphase content.After 730°C deformation,the development ofα/αinterface by absorbing dislocations promotes the formation of globularαgrains based on the nucleation of sepa-ratedαparticles and pre-recoveryαsubgrain during subsequent annealing.Theα/α/βandα/β/βtriple junctions formed due to highαcontent with about 36%volume fraction are favorable for the further nucleation and growth of globularαgrains by reducing interface energy,forming a 3D irregularαplate.Then nucleation and growth of theβphase dominate the microstructure evolution during subsequent an-nealing,resulting in the local dissolution of the plate and formation ofαrods.After 850°C deformation,theαphase tends to nucleate at theβ/β/βtriple junctions and grow into a lamellar shape along the high energyβ/βgrain boundary due to lowαcontent with about 7%volume fraction.Theαnucleation that maintains the Burgers orientation relationship(BOR)with the surroundingβphase grows along the habit plane and thickens slowly,resulting in the formation of a precipitatedαplate with a flat surface and the suppression of static globularization.The comprehensive investigation of lamellar globularization provides guidance for optimizing the 3D microstructure and properties of dual-phase titanium alloy.展开更多
The use of low-grade,refractory and composite paragenetic mineral resources is necessary for overcoming the shortage of iron ore resources in China.As a solution to the treatment of such iron ores,the direct reduction...The use of low-grade,refractory and composite paragenetic mineral resources is necessary for overcoming the shortage of iron ore resources in China.As a solution to the treatment of such iron ores,the direct reduction of carbon-bearing pellets can ensure complete iron removal and the effective enrichment of other high-value elements.Thus,this technology enjoys a broad application prospect.However,there are several problems with low-temperature reduction,such as low iron ore reaction efficiency,long reaction time,and high energy consumption.To improve the low-temperature carbothermic reduction efficiency of iron ores,a static magnetic field with magnetic induction intensity of 1.0 T was introduced.An isothermal reduction experiment was conducted at 1223 K to study the low-temperature self-reduction characteristics of carbon-bearing pellets of Bayan Obo lean iron ores in the static magnetic field.Also,the acting mechanism of the magnetic field was explored from the perspective of the reduction process,reaction efficiency,phase composition,microstructure changes,and dynamic behavior of iron ores.The results showed that the magnetic field can increase the low-temperature reduction rate of carbon-bearing pellets of Bayan Obo lean iron ores.Under the conditions of reduction temperature of 1223 K,magnetic induction intensity of 1.0 T,and reduction time of 60 min,the reduction degree was 92.42%,1.65 times that without a magnetic field.The magnetic field promoted the replacement of Ca^(2+)and Fe^(2+),so that the hard-to-reduce iron-bearing silicates were reduced in the order of Fe2SiO_(4)→(Ca,Na)FeSiO_(4)→FeO→Fe.The magnetic field enabled loose minerals,more pores and cracks,and changes in the growth morphology and distribution position of metallic iron.Compared with the case under the non-magnetic condition,the metallic iron precipitated from the slag phase in a foliated shape,separated from the matrix iron oxides,and grew up at the junction of the slag phase and coke.The magnetic field significantly increased the 展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51306104)
文摘Freezing processes of several liquids under static magnetic field(SMF) less than 50 mT were investigated. Central temperature of liquid samples held in glass test tubes immersed in a liquid bath was measured and collected. Nucleation temperature and phase transition time were obtained from freezing curves. Normality tests were performed for nucleation temperature of these liquids with/without magnetic field and normality distributions were justified. Analysis of variances was carried out for nucleation temperature of these liquids with magnetic field flux density as the influencing factor. Results showed that no significant difference was found for deionized water with or without SMF. However, differences exist in 0.9% NaCl solution and 5% ethylene glycol solution with and without SMF. Nucleation temperature of 0.9% NaCl with SMF is lower than that without SMF, while its phase transition time is shorter than that without SMF. Nucleation temperature of 5% ethylene glycol with SMF is higher than that without SMF, while its phase transition time is not modified with SMF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61603263。
文摘This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51371169) and (Grant No. 51401214)
文摘A multi-phase-field model has been developed to simulate the microstructure evolution and kinetics of the austenite static recrystallization（SRX） in a C–Mn steel. In this model, the bulk free energy that coupling the deformation stored energy with a special interpolation function is incorporated. Both the deformed grain topology and the deformation stored energy have been included in order to investigate the influence of pre-deformation on the subsequent austenite SRX at different hot deformation levels. Diverse scenarios of microstructure evolution show different deformation-dependent recrystallized grain sizes. The transformation kinetics is then discussed by analyzing the overall SRX fraction and the average interface velocity on the recrystallization front.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3707201)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from Shaanxi Province(No.2020JC-17)+2 种基金NPU AoXiang Distinguished Young Schol-ars(Grant Nos.0604022GH0202143,0604022SH0201143)the Funding of Young Top-notch Talent of the National Ten Thousand Talent Program,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3102022gxb004)Science Center for Gas Tur-bine Project(No.P2022-A-IV-001-002)。
文摘Lamellar globularization in the dual-phase titanium alloy is the key to improving plasticity and strength.However,the mechanism has not been fully elucidated so far.In this work,the role of phase/grain bound-ary in the static globularization of TC17 alloy was systematically studied by setting differentαphase con-tent before annealing through low-and high-temperature deformation.Isothermal compression causes the parallel distribution and fragmentation of 3Dαplates and few globularαparticles are formed at a strain rate of 1 s^(-1).Post-deformation annealing promotes the static globularization ofαphase while it is affected by initialαphase content.After 730°C deformation,the development ofα/αinterface by absorbing dislocations promotes the formation of globularαgrains based on the nucleation of sepa-ratedαparticles and pre-recoveryαsubgrain during subsequent annealing.Theα/α/βandα/β/βtriple junctions formed due to highαcontent with about 36%volume fraction are favorable for the further nucleation and growth of globularαgrains by reducing interface energy,forming a 3D irregularαplate.Then nucleation and growth of theβphase dominate the microstructure evolution during subsequent an-nealing,resulting in the local dissolution of the plate and formation ofαrods.After 850°C deformation,theαphase tends to nucleate at theβ/β/βtriple junctions and grow into a lamellar shape along the high energyβ/βgrain boundary due to lowαcontent with about 7%volume fraction.Theαnucleation that maintains the Burgers orientation relationship(BOR)with the surroundingβphase grows along the habit plane and thickens slowly,resulting in the formation of a precipitatedαplate with a flat surface and the suppression of static globularization.The comprehensive investigation of lamellar globularization provides guidance for optimizing the 3D microstructure and properties of dual-phase titanium alloy.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2019MS05010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51464039 and 52064044).
文摘The use of low-grade,refractory and composite paragenetic mineral resources is necessary for overcoming the shortage of iron ore resources in China.As a solution to the treatment of such iron ores,the direct reduction of carbon-bearing pellets can ensure complete iron removal and the effective enrichment of other high-value elements.Thus,this technology enjoys a broad application prospect.However,there are several problems with low-temperature reduction,such as low iron ore reaction efficiency,long reaction time,and high energy consumption.To improve the low-temperature carbothermic reduction efficiency of iron ores,a static magnetic field with magnetic induction intensity of 1.0 T was introduced.An isothermal reduction experiment was conducted at 1223 K to study the low-temperature self-reduction characteristics of carbon-bearing pellets of Bayan Obo lean iron ores in the static magnetic field.Also,the acting mechanism of the magnetic field was explored from the perspective of the reduction process,reaction efficiency,phase composition,microstructure changes,and dynamic behavior of iron ores.The results showed that the magnetic field can increase the low-temperature reduction rate of carbon-bearing pellets of Bayan Obo lean iron ores.Under the conditions of reduction temperature of 1223 K,magnetic induction intensity of 1.0 T,and reduction time of 60 min,the reduction degree was 92.42%,1.65 times that without a magnetic field.The magnetic field promoted the replacement of Ca^(2+)and Fe^(2+),so that the hard-to-reduce iron-bearing silicates were reduced in the order of Fe2SiO_(4)→(Ca,Na)FeSiO_(4)→FeO→Fe.The magnetic field enabled loose minerals,more pores and cracks,and changes in the growth morphology and distribution position of metallic iron.Compared with the case under the non-magnetic condition,the metallic iron precipitated from the slag phase in a foliated shape,separated from the matrix iron oxides,and grew up at the junction of the slag phase and coke.The magnetic field significantly increased the
