This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that have received the most attention from investigators :(1) acute and chronic effects of exercise on the immune system,(2) clinical b...This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that have received the most attention from investigators :(1) acute and chronic effects of exercise on the immune system,(2) clinical benefits of the exercise—immune relationship,(3) nutritional influen?ces on the immune response to exercise, and(4) the effect of exercise on immunosenescence. These scientific discoveries can be organized into distinctive time periods: 1900-1979, which focused on exercise-induced changes in basic immune cell counts and function; 1980-1989, during which seminal papers were published with evidence that heavy exertion was associated with transient immune dysfunction, elevated inflammatory biomarkers,and increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections; 1990-2009, when additional focus areas were added to the field of exercise immunology including the interactive effect of nutrition, effects on the aging immune system, and inflammatory cytokines; and 2010 to the present, when technological advances in mass spectrometry allowed system biology approaches(i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and microbiome characterization) to be applied to exercise immunology studies. The future of exercise irmmunology will take advantage of these technologies to provide new insights on the interactions between exercise, nutrition, and immune function, with application down to the person?alized level. Additionally, these methodologies will improve mechanistic understanding of how exercise-induced immune perturbations reduce the risk of common chronic diseases.展开更多
目的 应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（Matrix-Assisted Laser DesorptionIonization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS）技术检测非综合征型耳聋患者突变基因,并用直接测序法进行验证,评估MALDI-TOF-MS在临床耳...目的 应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（Matrix-Assisted Laser DesorptionIonization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS）技术检测非综合征型耳聋患者突变基因,并用直接测序法进行验证,评估MALDI-TOF-MS在临床耳聋基因检测中的可行性.方法 采集454例非综合征型耳聋患者的外周血,提取基因组DNA,采用MALDI-TOF-MS检测常见的4个耳聋致病基因的20个位点,包括GJB2（35delG、167delT、176_191de116、235delC、299_300delAT）,GJB3 （538C→T、547G→A）,SLC26A4 （281C→T、589G→A、IVS7-2A→G、1174A→T、1226G→A、1229C→T、IVS15＋5G→A、1975G→C、2027T→A、2162C→T、2168A→G）,线粒体12S rRNA（1494C→T、1555A→G）.同时应用直接测序法对上述20个位点进行检测,以验证MALDI-TOF MS的准确性.结果 454例耳聋患者中共检出166例存在致聋突变（36.56％）.其中GJB2基因突变96例（21.15％）,GJB3基因突变4例（0.88％）,SLC26A4基因突变64例（14.10％）,线粒体12S rRNA基因突变3例（0.66％）.直接测序法结果与MALDI-TOF-MS结果一致,两者符合率达100％.结论 针对中国人群常见耳聋相关基因热点突变设计的MALDI-TOF-MS对非综合征型耳聋患者的突变检出率较高,与传统常用基因检测方法相比,具有检测位点多、覆盖率高、准确、高通量、低成本等特点,能够满足临床对常见耳聋基因检测的要求.展开更多
Background Target-controlled infusion （TCI） has been recently developed and successfully implemented in clinical practice. This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in...Background Target-controlled infusion （TCI） has been recently developed and successfully implemented in clinical practice. This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in Chinese surgical patients. Methods The pharmacokinetics of sufentanil was investigated in 12 adult patients, aged 23-76 years, scheduled for prolonged surgery under general anesthesia. Anesthetic induction was carried out with propofol, rocuronium and TCI administered sufentanil aiming for target effect-site concentration of sufentanil 4 or 6 ng/ml. Sufentanil TCI lasted for 30 minutes. Frequent arterial blood samples （1.5 ml） were drawn during and up to 24 hours after sufentanil TCI. Plasma sufentanil concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; limit of sensitivity of mass spectrometry was 5 pg/ml. The data were analyzed with the nonlinear mixed-effect model program. Results The pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil were optimally described by a three-compartment model with the following parameters： the central volume of distribution （V1） = 5.4 L, the volume of distribution at steady-state （Vdss） = 195.4 L, systemic clearance （CI1） = 1.10 L/min, and elimination half-life （t1/2 Y） = 271.8 minutes. Both age and gender affected the pharmacokinetic parameters. The rapid distribution clearance （012） was negatively correlated with patient age, and the volume of slowly equilibrating compartment （V3） was positively correlated with age. The Cl2 and the volume of rapidly equilibrating compartment （V2） were influenced by gender with male patients showing higher values of Cl2 and V2 than female patients. There was no relationship of body weight, lean body mass, plasma albumin, or target effect-site concentration of sufentanil with any of the pharmacokinetic parameters studied. Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in Chinese patients can be adequately described by a three-compartment model. Pharmacokinet展开更多
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are complex mixtures of carboxylic acids that are responsible for the corrosivity of the crude oil with high total acid number(TAN).NAs are difficult to analyze due to their complexity and the l...Naphthenic acids (NAs) are complex mixtures of carboxylic acids that are responsible for the corrosivity of the crude oil with high total acid number(TAN).NAs are difficult to analyze due to their complexity and the lack of commercially available NA standards.This paper describes the use of negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) for the analysis of NAs in Liaohe heavy crude oil.FT-ICR MS resolves thousands of species in a single mass spectrum allowing for unambiguous determination of elemental composition.O2 classes (with two O heteroatoms in one molecule) and their carbon number (revealing the extent of alkylation) distribution were detailedly investigated.We find that 2-5 rings NAs is the dominate component of acidic compounds in Liaohe crude oil,espasically with a high abundance of steroid acids and hopanoic acids.Neg-ESI-FTMS is very well suited to the characterization of naphthenic acids within a crude oil sample.Determination of the nature of the naphthenic acids present provides vital information,such as the acids’ sizes and composition.展开更多
To characterize and identify multiple constituents in Danhong injection(DHI), a fast ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(U...To characterize and identify multiple constituents in Danhong injection(DHI), a fast ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS) method was established and validated in the present study. A total of 63 compounds, including 33 phenolic acids, 2 C-glycosyl quinochalcones, 6 flavonoid O-glycosides, 4 iridoid glycosides, 6 organic acids, 5 amino acids, and 3 nucleosides, were identified or tentatively characterized. In conclusion, the UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS method is useful and efficient for in-depth structural elucidation of chemical compounds in complex matrices of herbal medicines such as DHI.展开更多
文摘This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that have received the most attention from investigators :(1) acute and chronic effects of exercise on the immune system,(2) clinical benefits of the exercise—immune relationship,(3) nutritional influen?ces on the immune response to exercise, and(4) the effect of exercise on immunosenescence. These scientific discoveries can be organized into distinctive time periods: 1900-1979, which focused on exercise-induced changes in basic immune cell counts and function; 1980-1989, during which seminal papers were published with evidence that heavy exertion was associated with transient immune dysfunction, elevated inflammatory biomarkers,and increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections; 1990-2009, when additional focus areas were added to the field of exercise immunology including the interactive effect of nutrition, effects on the aging immune system, and inflammatory cytokines; and 2010 to the present, when technological advances in mass spectrometry allowed system biology approaches(i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and microbiome characterization) to be applied to exercise immunology studies. The future of exercise irmmunology will take advantage of these technologies to provide new insights on the interactions between exercise, nutrition, and immune function, with application down to the person?alized level. Additionally, these methodologies will improve mechanistic understanding of how exercise-induced immune perturbations reduce the risk of common chronic diseases.
文摘Background Target-controlled infusion （TCI） has been recently developed and successfully implemented in clinical practice. This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in Chinese surgical patients. Methods The pharmacokinetics of sufentanil was investigated in 12 adult patients, aged 23-76 years, scheduled for prolonged surgery under general anesthesia. Anesthetic induction was carried out with propofol, rocuronium and TCI administered sufentanil aiming for target effect-site concentration of sufentanil 4 or 6 ng/ml. Sufentanil TCI lasted for 30 minutes. Frequent arterial blood samples （1.5 ml） were drawn during and up to 24 hours after sufentanil TCI. Plasma sufentanil concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; limit of sensitivity of mass spectrometry was 5 pg/ml. The data were analyzed with the nonlinear mixed-effect model program. Results The pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil were optimally described by a three-compartment model with the following parameters： the central volume of distribution （V1） = 5.4 L, the volume of distribution at steady-state （Vdss） = 195.4 L, systemic clearance （CI1） = 1.10 L/min, and elimination half-life （t1/2 Y） = 271.8 minutes. Both age and gender affected the pharmacokinetic parameters. The rapid distribution clearance （012） was negatively correlated with patient age, and the volume of slowly equilibrating compartment （V3） was positively correlated with age. The Cl2 and the volume of rapidly equilibrating compartment （V2） were influenced by gender with male patients showing higher values of Cl2 and V2 than female patients. There was no relationship of body weight, lean body mass, plasma albumin, or target effect-site concentration of sufentanil with any of the pharmacokinetic parameters studied. Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of TCI administered sufentanil in Chinese patients can be adequately described by a three-compartment model. Pharmacokinet
文摘Naphthenic acids (NAs) are complex mixtures of carboxylic acids that are responsible for the corrosivity of the crude oil with high total acid number(TAN).NAs are difficult to analyze due to their complexity and the lack of commercially available NA standards.This paper describes the use of negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) for the analysis of NAs in Liaohe heavy crude oil.FT-ICR MS resolves thousands of species in a single mass spectrum allowing for unambiguous determination of elemental composition.O2 classes (with two O heteroatoms in one molecule) and their carbon number (revealing the extent of alkylation) distribution were detailedly investigated.We find that 2-5 rings NAs is the dominate component of acidic compounds in Liaohe crude oil,espasically with a high abundance of steroid acids and hopanoic acids.Neg-ESI-FTMS is very well suited to the characterization of naphthenic acids within a crude oil sample.Determination of the nature of the naphthenic acids present provides vital information,such as the acids’ sizes and composition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81130068 and 81503241)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘To characterize and identify multiple constituents in Danhong injection(DHI), a fast ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS) method was established and validated in the present study. A total of 63 compounds, including 33 phenolic acids, 2 C-glycosyl quinochalcones, 6 flavonoid O-glycosides, 4 iridoid glycosides, 6 organic acids, 5 amino acids, and 3 nucleosides, were identified or tentatively characterized. In conclusion, the UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS method is useful and efficient for in-depth structural elucidation of chemical compounds in complex matrices of herbal medicines such as DHI.
