A soil batch experiment was conducted to investigate both separate and compound effects of three types of surfactants: anionic dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodiumsalt (DBSS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C...A soil batch experiment was conducted to investigate both separate and compound effects of three types of surfactants: anionic dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodiumsalt (DBSS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and non-ionic nonyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ether (TX-100), as well as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on cadmium solubility, sorption kinetics, and sorption-desorption behavior in purple soil. The results indicated that both individual application of the three types of surfactants and surfactants combined with EDTA could stimulate Cd extraction from the soil with a general effectiveness ranking of EDTA/TX-100 > EDTA/DBSS > EDTA/CTAB > EDTA > TX-100 > DBSS > CTAB. Further study showed that the compound application of surfactants and EDTA had stronger (P < 0.05) effects on Cd solubility than those added individually. The application of surfactants and EDTA to purple soil (P < 0.05) decreased the proportion of Cd sorbed, while their effectiveness ranking was similar to that of enhanced solubilization. The sorption kinetics of Cd in purple soil was best described by the double-constant equation, while the Freundlich equation gave an excellent fit to the sorption isotherm curves. Therefore, surfactant-enhanced remediation of Cd contaminated soil is feasible and further research should be conducted.展开更多
为了储存120℃以下的热能,提出了以水为介质的热化学吸附储热方法。配制了一种以膨胀蛭石为多孔基质、氯化钙为反应盐的新型复合吸附剂,并对其进行了微观形貌表征、吸附性能测试、同步热分析测试和储热密度的理论计算。扫描电子显微镜(S...为了储存120℃以下的热能,提出了以水为介质的热化学吸附储热方法。配制了一种以膨胀蛭石为多孔基质、氯化钙为反应盐的新型复合吸附剂,并对其进行了微观形貌表征、吸附性能测试、同步热分析测试和储热密度的理论计算。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测显示膨胀蛭石特有的片层状的大孔结构产生了相对巨大的孔体积;利用恒温恒湿箱实验排除有溶液泄漏问题的含盐量;通过恒温恒湿箱对30℃、3种相对湿度下的动态吸附过程进行测试,分析了含盐量和相对湿度对吸附特性的影响,证实了该复合吸附剂具有3个不同的吸水阶段,包括物理吸附、化学吸附和溶液的气-液吸收过程;利用同步热分析测试(STA)和数值计算进一步对上述3个吸附过程的吸水量、吸附热和反应温度进行分析。最终优选出含盐量47.9%(质量分数)的复合吸附剂,其吸水量高达1.24 g·g-1,质量和体积储热密度分别高达1.25 k W·h·kg-1和213.56 k W·h·m-3。展开更多
基金Project supported by the Foundation for University Key Teachers through the Education Committee of Chongqing,China (No. 110758).
文摘A soil batch experiment was conducted to investigate both separate and compound effects of three types of surfactants: anionic dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodiumsalt (DBSS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and non-ionic nonyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ether (TX-100), as well as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on cadmium solubility, sorption kinetics, and sorption-desorption behavior in purple soil. The results indicated that both individual application of the three types of surfactants and surfactants combined with EDTA could stimulate Cd extraction from the soil with a general effectiveness ranking of EDTA/TX-100 > EDTA/DBSS > EDTA/CTAB > EDTA > TX-100 > DBSS > CTAB. Further study showed that the compound application of surfactants and EDTA had stronger (P < 0.05) effects on Cd solubility than those added individually. The application of surfactants and EDTA to purple soil (P < 0.05) decreased the proportion of Cd sorbed, while their effectiveness ranking was similar to that of enhanced solubilization. The sorption kinetics of Cd in purple soil was best described by the double-constant equation, while the Freundlich equation gave an excellent fit to the sorption isotherm curves. Therefore, surfactant-enhanced remediation of Cd contaminated soil is feasible and further research should be conducted.
文摘为了储存120℃以下的热能,提出了以水为介质的热化学吸附储热方法。配制了一种以膨胀蛭石为多孔基质、氯化钙为反应盐的新型复合吸附剂,并对其进行了微观形貌表征、吸附性能测试、同步热分析测试和储热密度的理论计算。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测显示膨胀蛭石特有的片层状的大孔结构产生了相对巨大的孔体积;利用恒温恒湿箱实验排除有溶液泄漏问题的含盐量;通过恒温恒湿箱对30℃、3种相对湿度下的动态吸附过程进行测试,分析了含盐量和相对湿度对吸附特性的影响,证实了该复合吸附剂具有3个不同的吸水阶段,包括物理吸附、化学吸附和溶液的气-液吸收过程;利用同步热分析测试(STA)和数值计算进一步对上述3个吸附过程的吸水量、吸附热和反应温度进行分析。最终优选出含盐量47.9%(质量分数)的复合吸附剂,其吸水量高达1.24 g·g-1,质量和体积储热密度分别高达1.25 k W·h·kg-1和213.56 k W·h·m-3。
