It is important to study the soluble organic N （SON） extracted during water-logged incubation for evaluating soil Nsupplying capacity. Soil initial SON and mineral N （Nmin）, cumulative soluble organic N and NH4＋-...It is important to study the soluble organic N （SON） extracted during water-logged incubation for evaluating soil Nsupplying capacity. Soil initial SON and mineral N （Nmin）, cumulative soluble organic N and NH4＋-N in leachates during water-logged incubation, mineralization potentials of both easily decomposable N （ND） and resistant N （NR）, and their relationships with N uptake by crop in pot experiment were investigated by using 10 kinds of farmland soils with widely different physical and chemical properties on the Loess Plateau, China, and the effects of SON on evaluating soil Nsupplying capacity were studied. The results showed that the average content of initial SON （23.9 mg kg^-1） of 10 soils was 28.8% of initial total soluble N and 2.4% of soil total N. The percentage of cumulative SON in leaching total soluble N （118.1 mg kg^-1 was 46.4%, higher than the percentage of initial SON （28.8%）, and almost close to the percentage of cumulative NH4^＋-N in the leachates. ND had close correlation with total N, and the correlation coefficients were 0.92 （P 〈 0.01, excluding SON in estimating ND） and 0.88 （P 〈 0.01, including SON in estimating ND）, respectively. N mineralization potential and mineralization rate constant were different with the soil types. ND of Los-Orthic Entisols and Ust-Sandiic Entisols were lower than that of Eum-Orthrosols. Mineralization rate constant for the fast decomposable N-fraction （kD） decreased and the mineralization rate constant of resistant materials （kR） increased when SON was taken into account. Cumulative NH4^＋-N was a better evaluation index of soil N-supplying capacity, and it is not only suitable for the first season crops but also for two successive season crops. Cumulative SON alone was not a satisfactory index for the potential of mineralizable N. But it would be more accurate for ND in revealing the potential mineralizable N when SON was taken into account. Cumulative TSN, to some extent, could also be taken as an index for展开更多
In order to investigate effect of fertilization on water-soluble organic N (WSON) in the soils under chestnut stands,a fertilization experiment was carried out in Lin-an county in Zhejiang province. The results of thi...In order to investigate effect of fertilization on water-soluble organic N (WSON) in the soils under chestnut stands,a fertilization experiment was carried out in Lin-an county in Zhejiang province. The results of this study showed that fertilization increased WSON in the soils under chestnut stands. Excessive chemical fertilizer addition or combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure had most strong effects by increasing the concentrations of WSON in the soils respectively by 5.68 and 1.94 times,compared with the unfertilized control,There was no difference in WSON concentrations in the soils among the treatments with routine chemical fertilizer rate,organic manure alone and unfertilized control. Excessive fertilizer application induced the highest ratio of WSON/total N (5.76%),which was markedly greater than that done by other three treatments. The ratio of WSON/hydrolyzed N ranged from 9.34% to 37.04% with average value of 26.78%. The highest ratio of hydrolyzed N/total N (37.04%) was found from the treatments of excessive fertilizer application and the ratio was markedly greater than that of other three treatments. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between WSON and soil total N,hydrolyzed N,water soluble total N,water soluble NH4+-N or water soluble NO3-N. The corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.565 1,0.918 6,0.998 6,0.9939 and 0.5401,respectively.展开更多
Phosphorus loading and measurement is of concern on lands where biosolids have been applied. Traditional soil testing for plant-available P may be inadequate for the accurate assessment of P loadings in a regulatory e...Phosphorus loading and measurement is of concern on lands where biosolids have been applied. Traditional soil testing for plant-available P may be inadequate for the accurate assessment of P loadings in a regulatory environment as the reported levels may not correlate well with environmental risk. In order to accurately assess potential P runoff and leaching, as well as plant uptake, we must be able to measure organic P mineralized by the biotic community in the soil. Soils with varying rates of biosolid application were evaluated for mineralized organic P during a 112-day incubation using the difference between P measured using a rapid-flow analyzer (RFA) and an axial flow Varian ICP-OES. An increase in the P mineralized from the treated soils was observed from analysis with the Varian ICP-OES, but not with the RFA. These results confirm that even though organic P concentrations have increased due to increasing biosolid application, traditional soil testing using an RFA for detection, would not accurately portray P concentration and potential P loading from treated soils.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （90502006）.
文摘It is important to study the soluble organic N （SON） extracted during water-logged incubation for evaluating soil Nsupplying capacity. Soil initial SON and mineral N （Nmin）, cumulative soluble organic N and NH4＋-N in leachates during water-logged incubation, mineralization potentials of both easily decomposable N （ND） and resistant N （NR）, and their relationships with N uptake by crop in pot experiment were investigated by using 10 kinds of farmland soils with widely different physical and chemical properties on the Loess Plateau, China, and the effects of SON on evaluating soil Nsupplying capacity were studied. The results showed that the average content of initial SON （23.9 mg kg^-1） of 10 soils was 28.8% of initial total soluble N and 2.4% of soil total N. The percentage of cumulative SON in leaching total soluble N （118.1 mg kg^-1 was 46.4%, higher than the percentage of initial SON （28.8%）, and almost close to the percentage of cumulative NH4^＋-N in the leachates. ND had close correlation with total N, and the correlation coefficients were 0.92 （P 〈 0.01, excluding SON in estimating ND） and 0.88 （P 〈 0.01, including SON in estimating ND）, respectively. N mineralization potential and mineralization rate constant were different with the soil types. ND of Los-Orthic Entisols and Ust-Sandiic Entisols were lower than that of Eum-Orthrosols. Mineralization rate constant for the fast decomposable N-fraction （kD） decreased and the mineralization rate constant of resistant materials （kR） increased when SON was taken into account. Cumulative NH4^＋-N was a better evaluation index of soil N-supplying capacity, and it is not only suitable for the first season crops but also for two successive season crops. Cumulative SON alone was not a satisfactory index for the potential of mineralizable N. But it would be more accurate for ND in revealing the potential mineralizable N when SON was taken into account. Cumulative TSN, to some extent, could also be taken as an index for
文摘In order to investigate effect of fertilization on water-soluble organic N (WSON) in the soils under chestnut stands,a fertilization experiment was carried out in Lin-an county in Zhejiang province. The results of this study showed that fertilization increased WSON in the soils under chestnut stands. Excessive chemical fertilizer addition or combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure had most strong effects by increasing the concentrations of WSON in the soils respectively by 5.68 and 1.94 times,compared with the unfertilized control,There was no difference in WSON concentrations in the soils among the treatments with routine chemical fertilizer rate,organic manure alone and unfertilized control. Excessive fertilizer application induced the highest ratio of WSON/total N (5.76%),which was markedly greater than that done by other three treatments. The ratio of WSON/hydrolyzed N ranged from 9.34% to 37.04% with average value of 26.78%. The highest ratio of hydrolyzed N/total N (37.04%) was found from the treatments of excessive fertilizer application and the ratio was markedly greater than that of other three treatments. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between WSON and soil total N,hydrolyzed N,water soluble total N,water soluble NH4+-N or water soluble NO3-N. The corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.565 1,0.918 6,0.998 6,0.9939 and 0.5401,respectively.
文摘Phosphorus loading and measurement is of concern on lands where biosolids have been applied. Traditional soil testing for plant-available P may be inadequate for the accurate assessment of P loadings in a regulatory environment as the reported levels may not correlate well with environmental risk. In order to accurately assess potential P runoff and leaching, as well as plant uptake, we must be able to measure organic P mineralized by the biotic community in the soil. Soils with varying rates of biosolid application were evaluated for mineralized organic P during a 112-day incubation using the difference between P measured using a rapid-flow analyzer (RFA) and an axial flow Varian ICP-OES. An increase in the P mineralized from the treated soils was observed from analysis with the Varian ICP-OES, but not with the RFA. These results confirm that even though organic P concentrations have increased due to increasing biosolid application, traditional soil testing using an RFA for detection, would not accurately portray P concentration and potential P loading from treated soils.
