Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(br...Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(bracts)subtending the true flowers throughout an inflorescence.Curcuma alismatifolia,belonging to the Zingiberaceae family,a plant species originating from Southeast Asia,has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different cultivars.Here,we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of C.alismatifolia“Chiang Mai Pink”and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract pigmentation.Comparative genomic analysis revealed C.alismatifolia contains a residual signal of whole-genome duplication.Duplicated genes,including pigment-related genes,exhibit functional and structural differentiation resulting in diverse bract colors among C.alismatifolia cultivars.In addition,we identified the key genes that produce different colored bracts in C.alismatifolia,such as F3′5'H,DFR,ANS and several transcription factors for anthocyanin synthesis,as well as chlH and CAO in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by conducting transcriptomic analysis,bulked segregant analysis using both DNA and RNA data,and population genomic analysis.This work provides data for understanding the mechanism of bract pigmentation and will accelerate breeding in developing novel cultivars with richly colored bracts in C.alismatifolia and related species.It is also important to understand the variation in the evolution of the Zingiberaceae family.展开更多
Invasive plant species and climate change are among the biggest threats to the ecological integrity of many ecosystems,including those of protected areas.Effective management of invasive plants requires information re...Invasive plant species and climate change are among the biggest threats to the ecological integrity of many ecosystems,including those of protected areas.Effective management of invasive plants requires information regarding their spatialdistributions Using maximum entropy,wemodeled habitat suitability for an invasive plant species Chromolaena odorata under current and future climatic conditions(HadGEM2-ESand MIROC5)in protected areas of four West African countries(Benin,Cote d'voire,Ghana,and Togo).Under current climatic conditions,approximately 73%of total land area within the protected areas was suitable for colonization by C.odorata.Under future climate projections,the total area of suitable habitats for this invasive plant was projected to decrease by 7-9%(HadGEM2-ES)and 12-14%(MIROC5).Country-specific patterns suggest that major protected areas in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana will be more vulnerable to invasion by C.odorata than those in Benin and Togo under both current and future dimatic scenarios.To maintain normal ecosystem functioning and provisioning of ecosystem services within the protected areas studied here,locations that have been identified as most vulnerable to invasion by C.odorata should be accorded proportionately higher priority when formulating appropriate management strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the opening project of Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Yunnan University and Shenzhen Zhongnonghuadu Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.(R20012)to Z.W.,and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project 02685 to W.L.We gratefully acknowledge Daniel B Sloan(Colorado State University)and the personnel of the Wu laboratory for help with providing suggestions and revising the manuscript.
文摘Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(bracts)subtending the true flowers throughout an inflorescence.Curcuma alismatifolia,belonging to the Zingiberaceae family,a plant species originating from Southeast Asia,has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different cultivars.Here,we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of C.alismatifolia“Chiang Mai Pink”and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract pigmentation.Comparative genomic analysis revealed C.alismatifolia contains a residual signal of whole-genome duplication.Duplicated genes,including pigment-related genes,exhibit functional and structural differentiation resulting in diverse bract colors among C.alismatifolia cultivars.In addition,we identified the key genes that produce different colored bracts in C.alismatifolia,such as F3′5'H,DFR,ANS and several transcription factors for anthocyanin synthesis,as well as chlH and CAO in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by conducting transcriptomic analysis,bulked segregant analysis using both DNA and RNA data,and population genomic analysis.This work provides data for understanding the mechanism of bract pigmentation and will accelerate breeding in developing novel cultivars with richly colored bracts in C.alismatifolia and related species.It is also important to understand the variation in the evolution of the Zingiberaceae family.
基金We acknowledge funding from International Young Scientist Fellowship of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(fellowship number 2012Y1ZA0009 for A.B.Fandohan and 2012Y1ZA0011 for A.M.O.Oduor)research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 312111172 for A.B.Fandohan and 312111182 for A.M.O.Oduor).
文摘Invasive plant species and climate change are among the biggest threats to the ecological integrity of many ecosystems,including those of protected areas.Effective management of invasive plants requires information regarding their spatialdistributions Using maximum entropy,wemodeled habitat suitability for an invasive plant species Chromolaena odorata under current and future climatic conditions(HadGEM2-ESand MIROC5)in protected areas of four West African countries(Benin,Cote d'voire,Ghana,and Togo).Under current climatic conditions,approximately 73%of total land area within the protected areas was suitable for colonization by C.odorata.Under future climate projections,the total area of suitable habitats for this invasive plant was projected to decrease by 7-9%(HadGEM2-ES)and 12-14%(MIROC5).Country-specific patterns suggest that major protected areas in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana will be more vulnerable to invasion by C.odorata than those in Benin and Togo under both current and future dimatic scenarios.To maintain normal ecosystem functioning and provisioning of ecosystem services within the protected areas studied here,locations that have been identified as most vulnerable to invasion by C.odorata should be accorded proportionately higher priority when formulating appropriate management strategies.
